UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SISTEMÁTICA REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DEL GÉNERO LASAIA BATES, 1868 (PAPILIONOIDEA: RIODINIDAE) TESIS QUE PARA OPTAR POR EL GRADO DE: DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS PRESENTA: M. en C. ARTURO ARELLANO COVARRUBIAS TUTOR PRINCIPAL DE TESIS: DR. JORGE ENRIQUE LLORENTE BOUSQUETS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, UNAM COMITÉ TUTOR: DR. JUAN JOSÉ MORRONE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, UNAM DR. CARLOS CORDERO MACEDO INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGÍA, UNAM CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, CD. MX. FEBRERO, 2024 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). 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COORDINACIÓN DEL POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS "OFICIO: COEPICPCE/FCA0O72/2024. ASUNTO: Oficio de Jurado. Presente Me permito informar a usted que en a reunión cinaría del Comité de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológica, celebrada el día 23 de octubre de 2023 se aprobó el siguente jurado para el examen de grado de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS del estuñiate ARELLANO COVARRUBIAS ARTURO con número de cuenta 303270515 con la tesis tada: “Reisión taxonómica del género Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Papiioncidez: Riodínidae, realizada bajo la dirección del DR JORGE ENRIQUE LLORENTE BOUSQUETS: DR. SANTIAGO ZARAGOZA CABALLERO DR. DAVID NAHUM ESPINOSA ORGANSTA. DR ALEJANDRO CÓRDOBA AGUILAR DR. ISMAEL ALEJANDRO HINOJOSA DÍAZ. DR JUAN JOSÉ MORRONE. po ro Sin tr particular, me es grato enviare un cordial saludo. ATENTAMENTE os PORMIRAZA HABLARÁ EL EsPIRmU" ¿a SEN Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx. a 23 de enero de 2024 7 %, $ e COORDINADOR DEL PROGRAMA. 3 $ z eo, E E CEEbMacoN DR, ADOLFO GERARDO NÁVARRO SIGUENZA «ep promo suo AS COONCIMACIÓN DEL POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS BOLÓSGICAS tala1de Pages Fito, + Pi. Cheo de Prenaos Cdad nes Asta Copos. E UÍDIOCIA ll Y 2boIOzS JU o eb ado e AGRADECIMIENTOS INSTITUCIONALES Al Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas (PCB) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México por el apoyo que recibí para realizar mis estudios de Posgrado. A la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), por todo el apoyo brindando durante mi formación académica Al Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCyT) por la beca nacional otorgada durante mis estudios del doctorado (CVU 740078) y Beca Mixta para desarrollar una estancia de investigación en Washington, D.C. y New York, EUA. A los proyectos PAPIIT-IN220521, PAPIIT- IN212418 y CONACyT 284966 Al programa de Apoyo de Estudios de Posgrado (PAEP), por el apoyo otorgado para una estancia de investigación. A los miembros de mi comité tutoral: Dr. Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, Dr. Juan José Morrone y Dr. Carlos Cordero Macedo, por sus comentarios, ayuda y consejos que fueron de gran ayuda para enriquecer y desarrollar el proyecto. AGRADECIMIENTOS PERSONALES A los miembros de mi jurado: Dr. Santiago Zaragoza Caballero (Instituto de Biología, UNAM), Dr. David Nahum Espinosa Organista (Faculta de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM), Dr. Alejandro Córdoba Aguilar (Instituto de Ecología, UNAM), Dr. Ismael Alejandro Hinojosa Díaz (Instituto de Biología, UNAM) y Dr. Juan José Morrone (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM), por su ayuda en la etapa final de este proyecto. Al Dr. Jorge Llorente por toda su ayuda, comprensión y liderazgo en todo el proceso que duró este trabajo y por permitirme trabajar a mi ritmo. A los curadores y encargados de las diferentes colecciones científicas y privadas, que me permitieron el acceso a esa información y poder acceder al material para revisarlo: Robert K. Robbins, Brian Harris (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA); David A. Grimaldi, Suzanne Rab Green, Courtney Richenbacher (American Museum of National History, New York, USA); Rob de Vos, Eulàlia Gassó (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Netherlands). Naomi Pierce (Harvard Museum of Natural History, Cambridge, EUA); Jan Meerman (Belize Tropical Studies, Belice); Alejandro Zaldívar Riverón, María Cristina Mayorga Martínez (Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México); Mercedes Luna Reyes (Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, México); Carmen Pozo (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, México). Moisés Armando Luis Martínez (Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, México). Théo Léger (Museum für Naturkunde des Humboldt-Universität, Berlín), Christian Brévignon, Curtis Callaghan y Jiichiro Yoshimoto. A los miembros del Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Ciencias: Rox, Isabel, Juanjo, Sandra, Meyali, Jorge, Armando, Ubaldo, José Luis, Omar y Marysol, por toda su ayuda y amistad durante todo este largo proceso. Agradezco a Marysol Trujano, por meterme en este mundo de las mariposas y por brindarme su amistad y enseñanzas a lo largo de todos estos años; y sin pensarlo, llegamos hasta aquí. A Uri García, por su apoyo y amistad en todo este tiempo. A mi familia: Arturo, Gloria, Mitzi, Ara, por toda su comprensión, cariño, risas y momentos que estuvieron presentes en este “pequeño” tiempo que duro este proyecto. A los que han estado desde un principio, en las buenas o en las malas: Adrián, Mónica, Omar, Óscar, Areli, David, Nacho, Javier, Marco, Malú, Aldo, Felipe, Dan, Yun, Cyn, Trina, Hugo, Ana, Guido, Sebas, Mine, Andrea, Óscar, Melba†, Christian. A los Kevinses: Antonio, Alí, Nathalia, Kevin, Andrea, Ulises por todas las risas y buenos momentos que pasamos. A Jess, Abril y Monse, donde quiera que anden, por su amistad durante todo este tiempo. A Violeta por toda su ayuda, risas y amistad. A todos los integrantes del No Manchester: Gerardo, Rodrigo, Raxel, Zubi, Emiliano, Diego, Hugo, Ricardo, Guayaquil, Mau y Pedro. ÍNDICE Resumen ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Introducción general ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Capítulo 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Arellano-Covarrubias, A., Trujano-Ortega, M., Luis-Martínez, A., Luna-Reyes, M., Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2019). Geographical distribution of Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) across the biogeographical provinces of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4656(2), 243-273. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.3 ..................................................................................................... 8 Capítulo 2 .........................................................................................................................................................40 Arellano-Covarrubias, A., Luis-Martínez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2023). Description of the females of two species of the genus Lasaia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) and new records for Mexico. Zootaxa, 5231(1): 024-036. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.2 ......................................................................40 Capítulo 3 .........................................................................................................................................................54 Manuscrito para enviarse a Zootaxa: Arturo Arellano-Covarrubias & Jorge Llorente Bousquets. Systematics of the genus Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Papilionoidea: Riodinidae) ...................................................54 Appendix I ..................................................................................................................................................252 Appendix II ................................................................................................................................................259 Discusión General y Conclusiones................................................................................................................262 Referencias bibliográficas .............................................................................................................................265 1 Resumen El género Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Papilionoidea: Riodinidae) es un género de afinidad Neotropical, que se distribuye principalmente en los bosques tropicales perennifolios y subperennifolios, en altitudes por debajo de los 1,000 m aproximadamente. Su distribución se encuentra delimitada desde el sureste de Estados Unidos (Texas) hasta Sudamérica. Los adultos son de tamaño pequeño a mediano (20-35 mm de envergadura alar aprox.); los machos presentan una coloración azul-verde metálica, café o gris metálico, mientras que las hembras presentan una coloración café con blanco, principalmente. Con el presente género se presentan algunos problemas taxonómicos, debido a la similitud morfológica que exhiben la mayoría de sus especies tanto en coloración como tamaño; además, muchas de las descripciones originales que se hicieron son muy breves, y de ahí la confusión de muchos taxones. Aunado a lo anterior, históricamente se han descrito a las especies solamente con los machos, soslayando a las hembras; por lo que resulta difícil asignar correctamente las hembras con sus machos en algunas especies, por lo que distintas especies pueden llegar a pasar inadvertidas en colecciones o ser confundidas con distintas especies del mismo género, debido a la gran similitud que presentan. El objetivo de este estudio, es inferir las relaciones filogenéticas de las especies del género Lasaia mediante caracteres morfológicos, así como graficar la distribución espacial de los taxones analizados. Se pone a prueba la monofilia del género a partir de 14 de las 17 especies del género Lasaia sensu Clench, y se incluyeron siete especies cercanas al género Lasaia como grupo externo; esto basado en hipótesis filogenéticas previas. Se concluye que Lasaia no es un grupo monofilético con base en la evidencia morfológica si se incluyen a los taxones: L. incoides, L. cutisca y L. oileus. En el caso de los dos primeros taxones, trabajos recientes la reubican en un género nuevo: Inkana Grishin. Mientras que, el último taxón, en el presente trabajo se reubica fuera del género Lasaia, por lo que podría tratarse de un género nuevo no descrito. Así mismo, se describen las hembras de dos especies del género: L. arsis y L. pseudomeris, las cuales no se habían descrito debido a errores de determinación, y se encontraban mal identificadas en el material de las diferentes colecciones que se examinaron. 2 El presente estudio demuestra la necesidad de realizar trabajos enfocados a los diferentes géneros de Riodinidae, abarcando el mayor número de especies o la totalidad de los integrantes del género, esto con la finalidad de examinar su monofilia para llegar a una comprensión y entendimiento con mayor precisión de las relaciones filogenéticas de los integrantes de esta familia. 3 Abstract The genus Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Papilionoidea: Riodinidae) is a genus of Neotropical affinity, its distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical forests, at altitudes below 1,000 m. Its distribution is delimited form southeastern United State (Texas) to South America. Adults are small to medium size (20-35 mm of wingspan); males have a coloration of metallic blue- green, brown or metallic grey; while females are mainly brown with white. The genus has some taxonomic problems, due to morphological plasticity that most of the taxa exhibits, principally in color and size, in addition, many of the original descriptions that were made, are very brief, and hence the confusion of many taxa. Also, historically the species have been described with only the males, leaving the females aside, so it’s difficult to correctly assign the females to the males of some species when they are collected in the field, and they could go unnoticed in collections or be confused with other taxa of the same genus, due to the similarity they present. The objective of this study is to infer the phylogenetic relationships of the species of the genus Lasaia through, morphological characters, also, to obtain the spatial distribution of the taxa analyzed. The monophyly of the genus is tested from 14 of the 17 species if the genus Lasaia sensu Clench; seven species closely related to the genus Lasaia were included as an outgroup, this based on previous phylogenetic hypothesis. It is concluded that Lasaia is not a monophyletic group based on morphological evidence if the taxa L. incoides, L. cutisca and L. oileus are included. In the case of the first two taxa, recent work places it to a new genus: Inkana Grishin. While, the last taxon in the present work, place it outside of the genus Lasaia, so it could be a new genus not described. Likewise, the females of two species of the genus were described: L. arsis and L. pseudomeris, those females had not been described due to determination errors, and were misidentified in the material of the different collections that were visited. The present study demonstrates, the need to carry out works focused on the different genera of Riodinidae, and try to analyze the largest number of species or all members of each genus; this in order to prove whether they are monophyletic or not, to try to comprehend and understand more precisely, the phylogenetic relationships of the members of Riodinidae. 4 Introducción general Algunas estimaciones mencionan que el número total de insectos que existen en el mundo oscila entre 2.5 y 10 millones (Grimaldi y Engel, 2005), en donde, los órdenes Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera e Himenoptera incluyen aproximadamente 867,093 especies descritas (Zhang, 2013); en estos cuatro órdenes, llamados coloquialmente “hiperdiversos”, se encuentra casi el 80 % de la diversidad descrita existente (Grimaldi y Engel, 2005). Actualmente, el orden Lepidoptera es el tercero más diverso con 158,570 especies descritas (Zhang et al., 2013); sin embargo, algunas estimaciones que se obtienen de este grupo, mencionan que hay entre 255,000 y medio millón de especies en el mundo (Hernández-Mejía, 2009; Llorente-Bousquets et al., 2014), por lo que el número de especies que falta por describir es enorme. En México, el estudio de los lepidópteros diurnos o Papilionoidea (sensu lato) se ha enfocado principalmente en estudios exhaustivos de diferentes regiones del país (Luis- Martínez y Llorente-Bousquets, 1990; Luis-Martínez et al., 1991; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1994; Salinas-Gutiérrez et al., 2004; Luna-Reyes et al., 2012; Arellano-Covarrubias, 2013; Salinas-Gutiérrez et al., 2015), así como de descripción de especies (Llorente-Bousquets y Luis-Martínez, 1988; Austin et al., 2007; Warren et al., 2008; Callaghan et al., 2011; Vargas- Fernández et al., 2012; Callaghan et al., 2013; Llorente-Bousquets et al., 2013); estudios coriónicos (Nieves-Uribe et al., 2015; Nieves-Uribe et al., 2016; Nieves-Uribe et al., 2019); estudios ecológicos (Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2018), y escasas revisiones taxonómicas (Trujano-Ortega, 2019). La familia Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea), es predominantemente de distribución Neotropical, debido a que la mayoría de las especies y géneros son endémicos de esta región (aproximadamente 117 géneros y 1,300 especies) (Espeland et al., 2015; Seraphim et al., 2018; Arellano-Covarrubias, 2018; Trujano-Ortega, 2019). Es una de las familias de las que se conoce menos acerca de su biología, ecología y sistemática (Harvey, 1987; Hall y Harvey, 2002); esto puede deberse a que son organismos que presentan una actividad restringida tanto espacial como temporalmente; muchas de las especies pasan su etapa adulta en el dosel de los bosques y es difícil recolectarlas (Arellano- 5 Covarrubias et al., 2018). Por ende, no hay muchos especímenes en las diferentes colecciones, ya sean nacionales o internacionales (Hall, 2004). El género Lasaia fue descrito por Bates en 1868 y designó a la especie Lasaia meris (Stoll, [1781]) como la especie tipo del género. Bates (1868) hace una breve descripción del género, basándose principalmente en los caracteres de los ojos y los palpos, donde menciona que Lasaia presenta ojos peludos (“hairy-eyed”) similar a los que presentan los géneros Charis y Calydna; además de la proyección de los palpos, donde específica que los posee proyectados hacia el frente. La mayoría de las especies descritas del género Lasaia, fueron publicadas durante los siglos XIX y XX (Cuadro 1). El trabajo que destaca, fue el realizado por Clench (1972), quien efectua una revisión del género Lasaia basándose en morfología externa (morfología alar) e interna (genitales) de machos, pues las hembras son más difíciles de obtener y no dispuso de muchos ejemplares para profundizar en ello. En dicha revisión, Clench describe especies nuevas, y circunscribe las distribuciones de las especies a grandes rasgos. Cuadro 1. Lista de especies-subespecies del género Lasaia Bates, 1868, (sensu Clench 1972). El orden de la lista sigue en general a Warren et al. (2017). 1. Lasaia meris (Stoll, 1781) 2. Lasaia arsis Staudinger, [1887] 3. Lasaia sula sula Staudinger, 1888 4. Lasaia sula penisnularis Clench, 1972 5. Lasaia agesilas agesilas (Latreille, [1809]) 6. Lasaia agesilas callaina Clench, 1972 7. Lasaia moeros Staudinger, 1888 8. Lasaia kennethi Weeks, 1901 9. Lasaia sessilis Schaus, 1890 10. Lasaia aerugo Clench, 1972 11. Lasaia maritima Hall & Lamas, 2001 12. Lasaia pseudomeris Clench, 1972 13. Lasaia maria maria Clench, 1972 14. Lasaia maria anna Clench, 1972 6 15. Lasaia oileus Godman, 1903 16. Lasaia incoides (Schaus, 1902) 17. Lasaia cutisca Hall & Willmott, 1998 Clench (1972) propone cinco grupos de especies: “moeros”, “sessilis”, “agesilas”, “arsis” y “oileus”; no obstante, al diagnosticar a las especies, su estudio se basó principalmente en caracteres morfológicos de las alas y los genitales masculinos, dejando a un lado otros caracteres de importancia taxonómica empleados tradicionalmente en esta familia, como son: color y forma de las patas protorácicas, palpos y frons, por mencionar algunos. Asimismo, no incluyó a los genitales femeninos para su comparación, y se ha observado en otros géneros de la familia, que presentan caracteres relevantes en sistemática (Hall, 1999; 2005; Hall, 2019); aunado a esto, para algunas especies sólo tomó en cuenta pocos ejemplares en sus comparaciones (10) o simplemente se basó en el holotipo con el cual se describió a la especie (L. meris); además el examen de hembras fue deficiente. Posteriormente Seraphim et al., (2018); utilizando caracteres moleculares, proponen el clado Charis, donde ubican al género Lasaia con los géneros: Calephelis, Detritivora, Charis y Crocozona; sin embargo, encontraron que estos últimos cuatro géneros no son grupos naturales, por lo que las relaciones dentro de este clado aún son inciertas; además, en estos trabajos sólo se utilizó una especie del género Lasaia, por lo que aún son débiles las posibles relaciones de este género en el clado Charis y dentro del género. A pesar del uso de caracteres morfológicos para la descripción de las especies del género Lasaia, muchas de las descripciones originales son muy escuetas o no se encuentran uniformizados los caracteres que se utilizaron para su descripción; debido a esto se pueden llegar a presentar confusiones en las asignaciones de los géneros y/o las especies. Por lo que, en esta tesis, se presenta una revisión sistemática del género Lasaia utilizando caracteres morfológicos (v. gr. morfología alar, genitales masculinos y femeninos, frons, palpos, coloración del cuerpo) para evaluar la monofilia del género, debido a que no se han explorado a profundidad las relaciones en este género, además de tratar de dilucidar las relaciones filogenéticas con algunos géneros afines. El capítulo 1, se enfoca en la distribución de las especies de Lasaia que se encuentran en México y se da una aproximación general y se circunscribe las regiones donde se encuentran distribuidas las diferentes especies, además, es el primer trabajo distribucional 7 para el género Lasaia en México, donde se mencionan localidades específicas para cada una de ellas. Posteriormente, en el capítulo 2, se describen las hembras de dos especies de Lasaia que no estaban descritas y permanecían “ocultas” en colecciones institucionales del extranjero. Dichas especies habían permanecido inadvertidas, debido al parecido morfológico que presentan las hembras de las diferentes especies, por lo que es de suma importancia recolectar las hembras y los machos, y no solamente describir a las especies con los machos, ya que se pierde información valiosa y puede llegar a haber confusiones en la correcta asignación de los sexos de las diferentes especies. Por último, en el capítulo 3, se presenta la revisión sistemática del género Lasaia Bates, 1868. Se realiza un aporte al conocimiento del género en cuanto a su morfología y distribución puntual. Aunado a lo anterior, se corrobora la exclusión de dos taxones del género Lasaia con caracteres morfológicos; además de un posible género nuevo no descrito, debido a que carece de las características diagnósticas del género. 8 Capítulo 1 Artículo de requisito publicado Arellano-Covarrubias, A., Trujano-Ortega, M., Luis-Martínez, A., Luna-Reyes, M., Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2019). Geographical distribution of Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) across the biogeographical provinces of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4656(2), 243-273. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.3 En Zootaxa 4656 (2): 243-273 . ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ps /vwwmapress com/a/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright O 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.3 http://zo0bank.org/um: lsid:z0obank.org:pub:SEE606B4-34C8-488F-A8F8-799AD7FE3123 Geographical distribution of Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) across the biogeographical provinces of Mexico ARTURO ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS'?, MARYSOL TRUJANO-ORTEGA', ARMANDO LUIS-MAR- TÍNEZ!, MERCEDES LUNA-REYES' 8: JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS'* IMuseo de Zoología (Entomología), Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico, E-mail: arellano.covarrubias(Qgmail.com, marysol_trujano(Qyahoo.com.mx, alm(Aciencias. unam.mx, and enantia(Oprodigy.net.mx "Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico Museo de Zoología. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Guelatao 66, Col. Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico, E-mail: mercedeshina6(Qgmail.com "Corresponding author: E-mail: enantia(Qprodigy.net.mx Abstract Riodinidae are one of the most diverse families of Lepidoptera, mainly in the Neotropical region; however, their biology, ethology, taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography are poorly known. In Mexico, the regional and local distributions of the family are still incompletc. We revicw the distributional data of the genus Lasaia Bates (Lepidoptera: Riodinidac), based on records from four national and seven international collections. We record five species and seven subspecies in Mexico, with 2722 records, distributed in 314 localities of 24 states. The states with higher species richness are Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz: also, the genus was recorded in 11 of the 14 biogeographical provinces of Mexico. The tropical semi-deciduous and deciduous forests, below of 1000 m a.s.l., contain most of the diversity of Lasaia. Historical data are crucial for the study of local and regional diversity and ecological patterns at large temporal scales. Data presented here show the morphological and ecological variation of Lasaia over the last 80 years, mostly from the XX century when anthropogenic disturbances were intensified. This kind of studies is the first step in recording the historical distribution of these taxa, which will lead to more complex analyses on distribution range shifts, their causes and consequences. Keywords: Tropical deciduous forest, tropical semi-deciduous forest, Papilionoidea, biogeographic provinces, scientific collections Introduction Lepidoptera are the second most diverse order of Insecta with 158,570 species, just below Coleoptera (Llorente- Bousquets ef al. 2013; Zhang 2013). Diurnal butterflies (Papilionoidea sensu lato; Kristensen 1976) comprise six families: Hesperiidac, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidac, Riodinidae, and Lycacnidae (Lamas 2004; Luis-Mar- tínez el al. 2016). The family Riodinidae is distributed mainly in the Neotropics, with almost 133 genera and 1300 species (90- 93%) in this biogeographic region (Harvey 1987; DeVries 1997; Hall £ Willmott 2000; Hall 2002, 2004; Hall £ Harvey 2002a,b,c; Hall £ Callaghan 2003; Brown et al. 2012; Espeland ef al. 2015; Trujano-Ortega et al. 2018; Arellano-Covarrubias et al. 2018). The diversity of this family includes variations in morphology, coloration, wing patterns, ecology and behavior (Espeland el al. 2015; Seraphim el al. 2018; Trujano-Ortega el al. 2018); Even be- ing so diverse, most of the ecology, ethology, systematics, and biogeography of the Riodinidae is unknown (Harvey 1987; Hall £ Harvey 2002b,c; Arellano-Covarrubias el al. 2018; Seraphim et al. 2018). Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Papilionoidea: Riodinidac) is widely distributed from southeastern United States (Texas) to South America (Bolivia, north of Argentina, and Uruguay) (Clench 1972; Warren et al. 2017; Arellano-Covarrubias et al. 2018). Clench (1972) comments that this genus is frequently found in low altitudes, in tropical and subtropi- cal communities. The genus includes 18 species and subspecies, of which seven (33%) are distributed in Mexico: Accepted by J. Morrone: 3 Jul. 2019; published: 14 Aug. 2019 243 9 L. meris (Stoll), L. sessilis Schaus, L. sula sula Staudinger, L. s. peninsularis Clench, L. maria maria Clench, L. m. anna Clench, and £. agesilas callaina Clench (Llorente-Bousquets ef al. 2006). The species of this genus have shared morphological traits. They are small to medium-sized, approximately 20-35 mm of wingspan. The color on wings is bluc or metallic grcen to brown or metallic grcy, varying among the taxa and with sexual dimorphism. According to Bates (1868), the palps are projected beyond the forehcad and have haired-eyes. In general, they have robust short bodies and a powerful and erratic flight; on rest, wings remain out- spread, cither perching or fecding. Natural history and immature stages are poorly known. There are a few records indicating that their host plants are mainly Fabaceae (Inga oerstediana, Zyg¡ia longifolia, Prosopis juliflora, and Albizzia sp.), but also other families like Piperaceae, Bromeliaceae, Oxalidaceae, Polygonaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaccac, Boraginaceac, and Lamiaccac (Janzen $: Hallwachs 2009; Luna-Reyes ef al. 2010). Males are frequently found on sunny days, posing close to damp sand on the edges of rivers, lakes, and streams, perching on the ground or slurping the mineral salts of the mud. When disturbed, they fly quickly to find a new place to pose nearby (+1-3 m away). Females have low population densitics, and generally arc hard to find and collect. However, on the Mexican Pacific slope (Oaxaca), they can be found on inflorescences like Acmella (Asteraceae), Sinclairia (Asteraccac), Nephelium lappaceum (Sapindaccac), and Terminalia catappa (Combretaccac) (Arellano- Covarrubias et al. 2018). The above suggests that they prefer small white or yellow flowers, especially of the Com- positae. Although generally butterflies are relatively casy to collect, the low population densities and stenoicity of the Riodinidae make it difficult to record the general distribution of the taxa. In addition, research on the general patterns of geographic distribution and life histories of Neotropical butterflics in Mexico at large scales is scarce (Boncbrake ef al. 2010). The objective of this study is to describe the geographic distribution patterns of Lasaia in Mexico. Distributional data are analyzed by vegetation type, biogeographic provinces, and altitude. Data were obtained from curatorial databases, specialized literature, and systematics works on different regions of Mexico, principally Veracruz (Raguso $: Llorente-Bousquets 1990, 1997) and most of the states of the Mexican Pacific slope: Nayarit (Warren dz Llorente-Bousquets 1999; Llorente-Bousquets ef al. 2004), Jalisco (Vargas-Fernández ef al. 1996, 1999), Colima (Warren ef al. 1998; Vargas-Fernández et al. 1999), Michoacán (Balcázar 1993), Guerrero (Vargas-Fernández et al. 1991), and Oaxaca (Luis-Martínez et al. 1991, 2016; Arellano-Covarrubias ef al. 2018). Materials and methods Distribution data. The geographic data were obtained from 11 scientific collections, seven foreign and four national. The foreign collections are hosted in the United States of America: American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMNH), National Muscum of Natural History (USNM), San Diego Natural History Museum (SDNMH), California Academy of Sciences (CAS), Los Angeles County Museum (LACM), and McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity/Florida Muscum of Natural History (MGCL-FLMNH), and data from these collections were integrated to the database MARIPOSA (Luis-Martínez et al. 2005). The national collec- tions included were: Colección Nacional de Insectos of Instituto de Biología, UNAM (CNIN), Colección Lepidop- terológica del Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM (MZFC), Colección Lepi- dopterológica, Museo de Zoología of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM (MZFZ), and Colección de El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal (ECOSUR). Specimens with imprecise location (y. gr Oaxaca, Mexico) or doubtful origin were excluded from the analysis. In some cases, the geographic coordinates were obtained using Google Earth. Biogeographic provinces classification and nomenclature follow Morrone (2005). Data of different publications were included to complement collection records and increase distribution accu- racy. These publications include taxonomic reviews (Clench 1972), faunistic inventories (Godman 4 Salvin 1879- 1901: De la Maza, J. £ De la Maza, R. 1985; Llorente-Busquets ef al. 1986; De la Maza 8: White 1990; Raguso $ Llorente-Bousquets 1990, 1997; Luis-Martínez ef al. 1991; Vargas-Fernández ef al. 1991, 1996; Balcázar 1993; De la Maza ef al. 1995; Warren el al. 1998; Warren £ Llorente-Bousquets 1999; Salinas-Gutiérrez ef al. 2004: Llorente- Bousquets el al. 2006; Luna-Reyes el al. 2008, 2012; Álvarez-García el al. 2016; Arellano-Covarrubias el al. 2018), and website: Butterflics of America (Warren ef al. 2017). A synthesis of all analyzed data is presented in Appendix 1. Taxonomic identification. Specimens were identified by comparison with material from the Lepidopterological Collection of the Musco de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM; the original descriptions 244 + Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS E7 4. 10 of the species: Stoll (1780-1782), Staudinger (1888), Schaus (1890), and Clench (1972); the taxonomic review of Clench (1972), the field guide of Glassberg (2017), and the website of Warren ef al. (2017). Lepidoptera classifica- tion follows Llorente-Bousquets et al. (2006) and vegetation types classification follows Rzedowski (2006). For some specimens sex was not determined, because some databases do not include this information. When geographic location was doubtful, the curatorial information of these specimens was not included for the analyses of biogeo- graphic provinces, altitude and vegetation patterns. Records with doubtful taxonomic determination are shown with the symbol *?”. These records are presented in the appendix but were not included in the analysis. Results We obtained 2722 records of five species and seven subspccics, from lepidopterological collections and the database MARIPOSA query (Table 1); however, only 2635 were included in the analyzes, because the rest had doubtful or ambiguous location data. The genus has a neotropical distribution and was recorded in 314 localities, distributed on 24 states of Mexico and 11 biogcographic provinces (Fig. 1). Distribution of Lasaia in Mexico included mainly both coastal slopes, although, it was also recorded in localities with riparian vegetation or subtropical scrub in the Mexican highlands. TABLE 1. Number of records of each taxon. NA: data not available Taxa Male Female NA Total Lasaia meris 3 0 8 1 Lasaia sula sula 180 34 57 211 Lasaia sula peninsularis 53 9 65 127 Lasaia agesilas callaina 302 33 323 658 Lasaia sessilis 114 9 84 207 Lasaia maria maria 860 196 239 1295 Lasaia maria anna 17 4 45 66 Total 1529 285 821 2635 mo as o 100 Tao 5 ES 7 E A mi (Mexico Biogeographic provinces +_Localities with records of Lasaia Ge o 250 50 750 1000km A a] FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Lasaia in Mexico. Limits in the map correspond to biogeographic provinces in Mexico (sensu Morrone, 2005). GEOGRAPIMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZASATA IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 245 11 The states with most records were Morelos (450), Guerrero (399), Michoacán (398), and Oaxaca (384), while the states with fewest records werc Nuevo León (1), Estado de México (3), and Guanajuato (3). The states with the highest species richness were: Chiapas (6), Oaxaca (6), and Veracruz (5), compared to the Estado de México, Guanajuato, Aguascalientes, Nuevo León, and Querétaro with only one taxon registered cach onc. The taxon with the greatest abundance was L. m. maria (1295, 48%), and with the lowest was £. meris (11) (Table 1). Latitudinal distribution. Lasaia is distributed from northern Mexico along both coastal slopes; from Sonora (Mexican Pacific slope), Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas (Mexican Gulf slope) to southern Mexico in Chiapas. Some states have no records of this genus: Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Ciudad de México, Tlaxcala, and Campeche. The greatest abundance and species richness are located between 16-20? N and 108-92? W (Fig. 1). Mexico has an endemic taxon at the subspecific level: L. m. anna; while for L. meris, L. sula sula, L. sessilis, and L. agesilas callaina, Mexico marks the northern limit of their distributions. Distribution by biogeographic provinces. Lasaia is a genus almost exclusively distributed in the Neotropical region. Nonctheless, some of the species reach the southern limit of the Nearctic region. These are those distributed in the north of the Mexican Transition Zone sensu Halffter (1976). The genus has been recorded in 11 biogeographic provinces (sensu Morrone 2005): Sonora, Sierra Madre Occidental, Altiplano Mexicano, Costa Pacífica Mexicana, Sierra Madre Oriental, Eje Neovolcánico, Cuenca del Balsas, Sierra Madre del Sur, Golfo de México, Chiapas, and Península de Yucatán. The provinces with the greatest subspecies richness were Costa Pacífica Mexicana (5), Sierra Madre del Sur (5), Eje Neovolcánico (5), Golfo de México (5), Cuenca del Balsas (4), Sierra Madre Oriental (4), and Chiapas (4) (Table 2; Figs. 2-5). Taxa were recorded in a range of one (Z. meris) to eight provinces (Z. a. callaina) (Table 2; Fig. 5). TABLE 2. Geographical distribution of Lasaia according to the biogeographic provinces proposed by Morrone (2005). Taxa Number of provinces Provinces Lasaia meris 1 GM Lasaia sula sula 4 CPM, ENV, BAL, SMS Lasaia sula peninsularis 6 SMOR, ENV, SMS, GM, CHIS, YUC Lasaia agesilas callaina 8 CPM, SMOR, ENV, BAL, SMS, GM, CHIS, YUC Lasaia sessilis 7 CPM, SMOR, ENV, BAL, SMS, GM, CHIS Lasaia maria maria T. SON, SMOC, ALT, CPM, ENV, BAL, SMS Lasaia maria anna 4 CPM, SMOR, GM, CHIS Biogeographic provinces: SON: Sonora; SMOC: Sierra Madre Occidental; ALT: Altiplano Mexicano; CPM: Costa Pacífica Mexicana; SMOR: Sierra Madre Oriental; ENV: Eje Neovolcánico; BAL: Cuenca del Balsas; SMS: Sierra Madre del Sur; GM: Golfo de México; CHIS: Chiapas; YUC: Península de Yucatán. The species £. meris is distributed in the biogeographic province GM (acronyms in Table 2); however, some re- cords within the province are doubtful (Fig. 2) and need to be confirmed, but the specimens are deposited in foreign collections. The species £. sula contains two subspecies: £. s. sula and L. s. peninsularis. The first one is distributed in the Mexican Pacific slope and was recorded in four biogeographic provinces (CPM, ENV, BAL, SMS). The second sub- species is distributed in the Mexican Gulf slope and has been recorded in six provinces (SMOR, ENV, SMS, GM, CHIS, YUC) (Table 2). However, the presence of contact zones and inconsistencies in wing patterns distribution (Fig. 3) call into question the delimitation of these subspecies; also, there are a few records with uncertain taxonomy that were not possible to confirm (Fig. 3). A detailed examination of the morphology will help solve these taxonomic problems with possible biogeographic implications. The species £L. maria contains two subspecies: L. m. maria and L. m. anna. The first one is distributed mainly in the Mexican Pacific slope in seven biogeographic provinces (SON, SMOC, ALT, CPM, ENV, BAL, SMS). The second one has been recorded in the Mexican Gulf slope in four provinces (CPM, SMOR, GM, CHIS) (Table 2). As 246 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS E7 4. 12 in L. sula, the subspecies of L. maria show some degree of overlapping and some doubtful records (Fig. 4). More detailed studies could solve if both taxa arc evolutionarily independent units. mo año o 1070 5) 0 So 0 E EN 27 E 1 - — mo nO Too 1000 miso 7 ao | Sm EN e EN 5 FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Lasaia sula sula and Lasaia sula peninsularis. Areas with broken circle means sites with specimens that exhibit some morphological anomalies or inconsistencies (extreme or mixed wing characters). Symbol ? represents doubtful records. GEOGRAPIMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZASATA IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 247 13 En EN 2 on e Lasaia maria maria e Lasaía maria anna 10 0 250 500 750 1000 km — FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Lasaia maria maria and Lasaia maria anna. Arcas with broken circle means some “anomalies” or inconsistencies in the distribution of the taxa; perhaps secondary contact areas in the peripheral limits of both taxa. Symbol ? represents doubtful records. 160 uE Too 107 To00 00 año 8 N 7 E Am mn + Lasaia agesilas callaina 1 o 250 500 750 1000 km FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Symbol ? represents doubtíul records. 248 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARFLLANO-COVARRUBIAS ETAL 14 The species L. a. callaina is found in 8 of the 14 biogeographic provinces: CPM, SMOR, ENV, BAL, SMS, GM, CHIS, YUC; however, some records need to be confirmed in Altiplano Mexicano (Table 2; Fig. 5). Distribution by vegetation type. Data on vegetation type preferences for six of the seven subspecies of Mexico werc obtained. This information is not available for all the specimens as sometimes is not stated in the labels nor in the successive publications. Most of the records were from the tropical deciduous forest (531), followed by the tropical semi-deciduous forest (430), and finally the evergreen tropical forest (150). Z.. a. callaina and L. s. sula were collected most frequently in the tropical semi-deciduous forest; L. m. maria and L. m. anna, were found mostly in the tropical deciduous forest; finally, L. s. peninsularis and L. sessilis are more abundant in the evergreen tropical forest. Phenology. Lasaia shows a scasonal population dynamics in which abundance increases during the months of June to November (Fig. 6), reaching its maximum in July. This coincides with the rainy season in most of the coun- try. Most of the species of Lasaia distributed in Mexico present this pattern, with the exception of £. s. sula, that shows two abundance pcaks, the first one starts in April and reaches its maximum in May, and the next one starts in August and reaches its maximum in September (Fig. 7). 600 500 400 300 - 200 - 100 5 7 Il hi Ml ” MO a Í l Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 50 sb Oct Nov Dec FIGURE 6. Phenology of Lasaia in Mexico Sex ratio in sites with intensive and systematic works. According to Luis-Martínez et al. (2016: pag. 173), the Cuicatlán Valley, Mixe, and Loxicha are the best-known regions of Oaxaca. Sampling of Lepidoptera fauna in these regions has been intensivo and systematic during the last 10 ycars. This level ofknowledgc and completeness allows the analysis of ecological and populations patterns as the sex ratio. Within the Loxicha region, Hagia Sofia Ranch is one of the best studied sites (Arellano-Covarrubias ef al. 2018). An analysis of the sex ratio of Lasaia on this site showed that males are more abundant than females (5:1). However, in some sites, the malc-female ratio increases up to 10:1, possibly as an effect of sampling bias, such as spending less time sampling in areas with host plants where females are common. This analysis also showed the absence of protandry in Lasaia, since there are no temporal differences that indicate the carly emergence of males, at Icast in the two most abundant species: £. s. sula (Fig. 8) and £. a. callaina (Fig. 9). GEOGRAPITICAL DISTRIBUTION OF 145414 IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press - 249 15 60 50 40 3 | | 3 Don l Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec FIGURE 7. Phenology of Lasaia sula sula in Mexico o o p. o The compilation of the data on the genus (curatorial, bibliographic, and fieldwork), allowed the inference of the geographical distribution for each taxon. But also, some additional information associated with the taxa, like their presence in biogeographic provinces, altitude, vegetation type, microhabitat, flight time, and, in some cases, biological aspects. Lasaia meris (Stoll, 1781) (Fig. 2). Biogeographic provinces. GM. Altitudinal distribution. Below 300 m a.s.!. Habiís. Males are frequently found in damp sand. Flight time. July to September. Lasaia sula sula Staudinger, 1888 (Fig. 3). Biogeographic provinces. CPM, ENV, BAL, and SMS. Altitudinal distribution. From sea level at 2200 m a.s.1.; mostly below 1000 m a.s.1. (Table 3). Vegetation type. Preferably in evergreen, semi-deciduous and deciduous tropical forests; also, in riparian areas of xerophilous scrub, occasionally in grassland, coniferous and oak forest. Habits. They rest with spread wings; males can be found more frequently on open roads next to forests edge or in places with damp sand; females are located frequently on inflorescences of the genera Acmella and Sinclairia. The flight occurs between 11:00 and 15:00 hrs. approximately. Beccaloni et al. (2008) report that the larval hostplant is A/bizia nipoides (Leguminosae: Mimosoideac). Flight time: All ycar; with two peaks of abundance occurring in May and September (Fig. 7). Lasaia sula peninsularis Clench, 1972 (Fig. 3). Biogeographic provinces. SMOR, ENV, SMS, GM, CHIS, and YUC. Altitudinal distribution. From sea level to rarely above 2400 m a.s.l., mostly below 1000 m a.s.!. (Table 3). Vegetation type. Preference is for (he evergreen tropical forest; however, there are some isolated records in the ecotone of the semi-deciduous tropical forest with the montane cloud forest. Habits. Similar to £. s. sula. Flight time: Almost all ycar, more abundant during July and August. Lasaia agesilas callaina Clench, 1972 (Fig. 5). Biogeographic provinces. CPM, SMOR, ENV, BAL, SMS, GM, CHIS, and YUC. Altitudinal distribution. From sea level and sometimes above 2200 m a.s.l., mostly below 1000 m (Table 3). Vegetation type. With a preference for tropical forests (cvergreen, semi-deciduous and decidu- 0us); occasionally in montane cloud and pine-oak forests, as well in the ecotone of mountain cloud forest-tropical forests (evergreen or semi-deciduous). Habits. Similar to £. s. sula. Flight time: All year, more abundant during July to October. 250 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARFLLANO-COVARRUBIAS ETAL 16 TABLE 3. Altitudinal range of Lasaia in Mexico. The bold numbers represent the altitudinal preference of each taxon, according to the number of registered specimens (>85%). Altitudinal range (m a.s.l.) Taxon 0-500 501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000 2001-2500 2501-3000 >3501 Lasaia meris 3 Lasaia s. sula 148 103 16 2 2 Lasaia s. peninsularis 93 21 8 6 Lasaia a. callaina 259 351 33 8 3 Lasaia sessilis 51 81 31 10 34 1 Lasaia m. maria 15 318 714 152 31 5 Lasaia m. anna 15 16 9 18 8 33 S 30 Ñ 25 e c 20 ! 5 15 Mm Female e 10 E Male n s 57 o - Jan Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Month FIGURE 8. Sex ratio of Lasaia sula sula at the Hagia Sofia Ranch, Oaxaca. Lasaia sessilis Schaus, 1890 (Fig. 2). Biogeographic provinces. CPM, SMOR, ENV, BAL, SMS, GM, and CHIS. Altitudinal distribution. From sea level and rarely to altitudes above 3600 m a.s.l., mostly below 1500 m. Vegetation type. Mainly in tropical forests (everereen and semi-deciduous), montane cloud forest, and the ecotone of montane cloud forest with semi-deciduous tropical forest. Habits. Males rest with spread wings in open places, near the edges of forests, mainly in damp sand. Flight activity occurs between 11:00 and 15:00 hrs. approximately. Flight time. All year, more abundant during July. Lasaia maria maria Clench, 1972 (Fig. 4). Biogeographic provinces. SON, SMOC, ALT, CPM, ENV, BAL, and SMS. Altitudinal distribution. From sea level to 2500 m a.s.l., with a preference for 500 to 2000 m a.s.l. Vegeta- tion type. Preferably in the semi-deciduous and deciduous forests; sometimes in grassland. Habits. Rest with spread wings. Males are frequently located in damp sand; females are predominantly found in the inflorescences of Acacia spp. Flying activity from 12:00 to 16:00. Flight time. All year, more abundant during July to October. Lasaia maria anna Clench, 1972 (Fig. 4). Biogeographic provinces. CPM, SMOR, GM, and CHIS. Altitudinal distribution. From 200 to 2000 m a.s.1. Vegetation type. Evergreen and semi-deciduous forests, xeric shrublands, and xerophilous scrubs. Flight time. June to November; more abundant during July to September. GEOGRAPIMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZASATA IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 251 17 12 10 S Pp 8 e 6 c Ml Female i ñ 4 E Male e z n s 1 pl May Jul Sep Oct Month FIGURE 9. Sex ratio of Lasaia agesilas callaina at the Hagia Sofía Ranch, Oaxaca. Discussion Godman and Salvin (1879-1901) were the first authors that cited localities with distributional data of Lasaia in Mexico, they cited L. meris for the states of Oaxaca and Yucatán (Valladolid). Nevertheless, these sites are im- precise or ambiguous, besides, they omit the number of specimens. Decades later, Hoffmann (1940) in “Catálogo Sistemático y Zoogeográfico de los Lepidópteros Mexicanos”, record three species: L. meris, L. sula, and L. sessilis; however, he gencralizcd the distributions according to thc Humboldtian regionalization or by geographic arcas (physiographic or by state) v. gr. “Chiapas”, “Mixteca mountains” or “warm lands”. In addition, no distribution maps were presented. Therefore, the exact geographic limits of the distribution of the species remained unknown. More than 30 ycars later, Clench (1972) revicwed the genus based on a few specimens and localitics with interest only in a few evident morphological characters. The lack of precise data on butterflies motivates the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) to do faunistic studies in some regions of Mexico, especially in the Mexi- can Pacific slopc (Luis-Martínez el al. 1991; Vargas-Fernández ef al. 1991, 1996, 1999; Arcllano-Covarrubias el al. 2018) and central Mexico (Luna-Reyes ef al. 2008, 2010, 2012). Even so, the distribution data of the genus Lasaia had not bcen published before. The study of Clench (1972) was bascd mainly on wing morphology and male gcnitalia, leaving aside other characters of taxonomic importance traditionally used in this family, such as, form and color of prothoracic legs, palps, and frons, as well as others. Likewisc, he did not include the female genitalia, although, in other Riodinidac, these characters have been proven informative and therefore relevant for their systematics (Hall, 2002, 2005). In the cases of [. s. sula and L. s. peninsularis, some specimens show some inconsistencies in the wing patterns according to the original descriptions; in addition to this, specimens of both subspecics are reported for the same geographic area, or even for the same site in the southeastern Mexico (Fig. 3). This suggests that these subspecies could be distinct spccics, with pcriphcrical sympatric arcas. Because Clench reviewed a few specimens, he could not register this distinction. Some specimens from populations of northern Mexico could be determined as L. s. peninsularis; however, when compared to the original description (Clench, 1972), they do not match completely. Their extreme distribution at northern Veracruz and southern Tamaulipas, in addition to its morphological differentiation, when 252 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS E7 4. 18 analyzed with more detail, suggest the existence of two species. A taxonomic review of the genus is being carried out to solve these concerns. Tn the case of the doubtful records of L. m. anna, L. s. peninsularis, and L. a. callaina, it is possible that they are incorrect determinations, and these specimens should be reviewed (at lcast with an image) to verify these data. Finally, in the case of L. meris, according to Warren et al. (2017), the distribution of the species is from southern Mexico (Chiapas) to Brazil. The records of L. meris from Central and South America are located in high humid re- gions, so the northern distribution of this species would be limited to humid sites in Chiapas. Therefore, the records of L. meris in other regions of Mexico like Península de Yucatán, Veracruz or Tamaulipas, probably are incorrect determinations (Fig. 2). Riodinidae are known for their low population densitics. Most species are rare and poorly represented in fau- nistic studies, sometimes as exceptional records like L. meris. This is evident by the few specimens in most of the scientific collections (Hall 2004); however, based on a directed search, the genus Lasaia was well represented in some states and physiographic arcas. The base of these data are the medium and large term taxonomic inventorics made at Jalisco (Vargas-Fernández et al. 1996, 1999), Colima (Warren € Llorente-Bousquets 1998; Warren et al. 1998), Guerrero (Vargas-Fernández et al. 1991), Morelos (Luna-Reyes et al. 2008, 2010, 2012), and Oaxaca (Luis- Martínez et al. 1991, 2016; Arellano-Covarrubias et al. 2018). This study is the first synthesis of the ecological and geographical distribution knowledge of a genus of Riodinidae in Mexico. It is important to emphasize the need of more systematic inventories in order to generate a predictive theory of the habitat changes and thcir impact on the fauna, although this implies a great investment of resources. The knowledge on the biology of Lasaia allows the opportunity to search for optimal microhabitats to collect them (foraging sites). This will increase the records of this genus since it has been found that some species may be abundant (v. gr. L. s. sula and L. a. callaina) if such suitable resting sites are found, those with damp sand in the case for males or inflorescences for females. The absence of the genus in some regions could be explained by the close relation of these butterflies with their food resources, specific climatic, ecological conditions, and by the scarce sampling effort. Examples of this are the northern regions of Mexico with few records, mainly sporadic. In addition, systematic samplings in these latitudes are scarce and there are only a few lists of species, such as Clench's (1968). The diversity of Riodinidae in this region of Mexico remains largely unknown. Phenology of the genus is clearly related to the rainy season (Figs. 6-7) as found in other Riodinidac (Arel- lano-Covarrubias ef al. 2018) and other diurnal Papilionoidea, during studies of altitudinal transects (0-3000 m) in the Mexican Pacific slope (Vargas-Fernández ef al. 1991, 1999; Arellano-Covarrubias ef al. 2018). This can be explained by the favorable conditions prevailing during this season, like the increase of floral diversity and density from which adult butterflies feed on. Further examination of the increase in foliage that provides greater protec- tion as well as the possibility of successful oviposition. Lasaia prefer tropical forests and their ecotones; however, depending on the species and its regional distribution, it is more frequent to find them in some specific vegetation type. For example, L. m. maria is almost always found in deciduous tropical forests and records of other vegetation types are exceptional. Salinas-Gutiérrez ef al. (2004) mention that the greatest species richness of Lasaia is located in the evergreen tropical forest (5 spp.). Our results show that, in Mexico, Lasaia has a stronger affinity for tropical semi-deciduous and deciduous forests. Ross (1975-1977) did a long-term study in the tropical evergreen forests on the Gulf of Mexico slope (Veracruz), but did not register any species of this genus; contrary to De la Maza $ De la Maza (2015) who, in a similar vegetation type in Chiapas (Lacantún river), recorded four subspecies of the genus coexisting at the same site. According to Hall (2002, 2005) and Arellano-Covarrubias ef al. (2018), most of the spe- cies of Riodinidae are distributed below 1000 m a.s.!. This agrces with the data of Lasaia presented here since the highest abundances and species richness were located below this altitude. The ecological and geographical distributions presented here for Lasaia are the most complete and available so far. Yet, some regions are poorly explored, particularly the limits of the distributions of some species, in the North and South of Mexico. Such studies would help in the precise delimitation of the distribution of the species. More importantly, records of extreme populations and other biological and ecological data are of great value for the sys- tematics of these taxa. Specifically, this data could help in the characterization of the specific or subspecific status of some sympatric taxonomic entities of Lasaia. GEOGRAPIMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZASATA IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 253 19 Acknowledgments The authors thank the curators of the collections consulted for the construction of the MARIPOSA database from 1991 to 2000, who facilitated the access to the collections and bibliography under their custody: Frederick Rindge y (American Museum of Natural History), John E. Rawlins (Carnegie Muscum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), Robert K. Robbins (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC), David K. Faulkner and John W. Brown (San Diego Natural History Museum, California), Paul Arnaud Jr. and Norman Penny (California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California), Brian V. Brown and Brian Harris (Los Angeles County Museum, California), Thomas Emmel f and Jacqueline Miller (McGuire Center for Lepidop- tera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida), Alejandro Zaldívar and Cristina Mayorga (Instituto de Biología, UNAM), and Carmen Pozo (ECOSUR-Chetumal). JLB, MTO, and ALM thank the projects DGAPA PAPTIT IN212418, as well as CONACyT 284966. AAC thanks the Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and MTO thanks by a postdoctoral fellowship from CONACyT (284966). This work is part of the Ph. D. research project of A. Arellano-Covarrubias. We thank Curtis Callaghan, Roxana Acosta, and Omar Ávalos for their suggestions, improvements, and for reviewing and correcting the English. References Álvarez-García, H., Ibarra, A.V. 8: Escalante, P. (2016) Riqueza y distribución altitudinal de las mariposas de la Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). 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Zootaxa, 3703 (1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.14 256 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS E7 4. 22 APPENDIX I This appendix presents the curatorial records of Lasaia species that are found in Mexico; this list is ordered follow- ing the order proposed by Llorente-Bousquets et al. (2006). The information obtained is summarized as follows: state (bold and uppercase), municipality (upper case) and locality; followed by the number of specimens and sex (not all specimens have this information), the date appears in parentheses (month and ycar), in some cases the date or year was not available, so only “99” or “9999” appears, and finally the acronym of the collection. In appendix IT, the geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the localitics are presented alphabetically. Lasaia meris (Stoll, 1781). CHIAPAS: OCOSINGO: Bonampak: 2 Í (1X/1964) CNIN; 1 Ú (VI11/1979) CNIN. San Quintín: 1 (VI/1970) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (1X/1971) MGCL-FLMNH. SINALOA: MAZATLÁN: Venadito, Cerca de Presidio: 2 (99/9999) USNM. TAMAULIPAS: VICTORIA: Cañón del Novillo, 3 km al S de Ciudad Victoria: 1 (99/9999) USNM. VERACRUZ: MANLIO FABIO ALTAMIRANO: Paso de San Juan: 2 (9999/9999) USNM. YUCATÁN: TINUM: Chichen Itzá: 1 (VI/1955) USNM. Lasaia sula sula Staudinger, 1888. COLIMA: CIUDAD DE VILLA DE ÁLVAREZ: Agua Dulce: 18 Í (1X/1989) MZEC; 14 (X/1989) MZEC; 10 3 (VII/1990) MZFC; 1 Í (X1/1990) MZFC; 1 Í (11/1992) MZFC; 2 3 (1X/1994) MZFC; 3 Ú (VIV1995) MZFC; 1 3 (X1/1995) MZFC. COLIMA: Ciudad de Colima: 1 (1V/1918) AMNIL 1 4 (X/1981) MZEC. Colima: 1 (99/9999) CMNII; 1 9 (99/9999) CNIN. COMALA: Comala: 1 (111/1967) CMNIH, 6 (V/1967) CMNH; 1 (1X/1967) CMNIL; 8 (X/1967) CMNH. IXTLAHUACÁN: Tamala: 1 4 (1X/1981) MZFC; 1 Í (VV/1983) MZFC; 1 (V1/1983) MZFC. MINATITLÁN: Plat- anarillo: 1 3 (X/1989) MZFC. TECOMÁN: La Salada: 1 (1/1968) MGCL-FLMNIH 1 9 (VII!/1982) MZEC; 1 (1/9999) AME CHIAPAS: ESCUINTLA: Cintalapa: 1 4 (VII/1974) CNIN. FRONTERA COMALAPA: Ciudad Cuauhtémoc: 1 (11/9999) AME. MOTOZINTLA: Musté, San Jerónimo: 1 (VIN/1968) AMNH. TUXTLA GUTIÉRREZ: Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 1 4 (V/1983) CNIN. GUERRERO: ATOYAC DE ÁLVAREZ: Faisanal, el, Atoyac de Álvarez: 1 $ (X/1983) MZFC. Parotas, las, Atoyac de Álvarez; 1 Í (1X/1984) MZFC; 1 ¿ (VIV1985) MZFC; 1 $ (1/1987) MZFC. BUENAVISTA: Las Vías: 1 Í (X/2008) MZFEZ. CHILPANCINGO DE LOS BRAVO: Acahuizotla: 1 (1X/1962) CNIN; 1 (X11/1976) CNIN; 1 (VI11/1981) CNIN; 6 4 (VI1/1991) CNIN; 10 (VI1/1991) CNIN; 2 Í (VII1/1991) CNIN; 1 (VI11/1991) CNIN; 1 9 (XI1/1992) CNIN; 1 (X/9999) AME. TETIPAC: Arroyo Las Damas; 1 Y (XI1/1986) MZFC. ZAPOTITLÁN TABLAS: Tierra Colorada, Papagayo; 1 (1X/1967) CNIN. JALISCO: CASIMIRO CASTILLO: La Calera: 1 $ (1X/1989) MZFC. LA HUERTA: Estación de Biología, UNAM, Chamela: 2 4 (X11/1977) CNIN; 1 $ (1X/1979) CNIN. Tenacatita: 1 (X1/1939) AMNH. PUERTO VALLARTA: Puerto Vallarta: 1 (VII/1958) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (VII1/9999) AME. MICHOACÁN: APATZINGÁN: Chiquihuitillo: 1 4 (VI[/1995) MZFC; 1 4 (VI/1996) MZFC. ARTEAGA: Arteaga: 1 9 (V/1995) MZFC. El Higueral: 2 4 (1X/1996) MZFC. Las Juntas: 1 Í (V/1996) MZFC. Los Habillos: 1 Í (111/1997) MZFC. Rancho “El Zorrillo”: 1 Y (1X/1995) MZFC. Rancho “El Zorrillo”, Cañada Húm- eda: 1 4 and 3 3 (1X/1995) MZEC; 1 3 (X/1996) MZI'C. Toscano: 1 $ (1V/1995) MZI'C; 1 Í (1X/1996) MZI'C. CARÁCUA- RO: Sifón Atuto: 1 Í (1X/1985) MZIC. COAHUAYANA: Coahuayana: 1 (VII/1950) MGCL-FLMNH; 2 (VI1/1950) MGCL- FLMNH; 1 (VI/9999) AME; 2 (VII/9999) AME. IRIMBO: Rancho Nuevo: 1 $ (V/1998) MZFC; 1 Í (VII/1998) MZFC. LÁZARO CÁRDENAS: Baden de Neixpa: 1 Í (X11/1994) MZI'C. PARÁCUARO: Parácuaro: 1 7 (VI11/1994) MZFC. TE- PALCATEPEC: Barranca de Cobano: 1 Í (X/1993) MZFC. VILLAMAR: Pozos de Ixtlán, 18 mi W de Zamora: 1 (VIM/9999) AME. MORELOS: MIACATLÁN: Palo Grande: 1 Í (VIV/2013) MZFZ. TETECALA: Tetecala: 1 4 and 1 Y (VIIV2013) 3 Í (1X/2013) MZEZ:; 3 d (X/2013) MZEZ; 3 3 (X1/2013) MZI'Z. NAYARIT: BAHÍA DE BANDERAS: Bahía de Banderas: 1 (X1/1939) AMNH. COMPOSTELA: Compostela: 1 (VII1/1932) AMNH. TEPIC: Jumatán: 1 Í (X/1979) MZEC; 1 3 (VI/1980) MZFC; 1 É (1X/1980) MZI'C; 1 $ (1X/1996) MZI'C. OAXACA: CANDELARIA LOXICHA: Candelaria Loxi- cha: 1 (X/1970) CMNHL; 3 Í (X/1988) MZFC. El Azulillo: 1 4 (X1/2007) MZFC; 1 Í (VII/2008) MZF 3 (X/2008) MZIC; 2 Í (VIV2011) MZFC. SAN BLAS ATEMPA: Mixtequilla; 1 (X11/1962) MGCL-FLMNH:; 1 (X11/9999) AME. SAN PEDRO POCHUILA: Zipolite: 1 Y (VIIV1990) MZEC. SANTA MARÍA HUATULCO: Parque Nacional Huatulco: 2 / (VI1/2012) MZFC; 2 Fand 1 Í (1X/2012) MZFC; 1 Í (X/2012) MZFC. Parque Nacional Huatulco, Río Cacaluta: 3 4 (VI/2012) MZFC; 1 Í (VIM2012) MZFC; 2 Y (X/2012) MZFC. Rancho Hagia Sofia: 2 4 (X/2011) MZFC; 2 4 (V/2012) MZFC; 1 Í (VIV2012) MZEC; 2 Í (VII/2012) MZEC; 5 € (1X/2012) MZFC; 1 $ (X/2012) MZF'C; 1 $ (111/2013) MZFC; 2 and 19 Í (1V/2013) MZFC; 7 Y and 29 Í (V/2013) MZFC:; 5 € and 10 Í (VI/2013) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/2013) MZFC:; 1 Í (12014) MZFC. Rancho Santa María, Candelaria Loxicha: 1 (X/1970) CMNH. SANTO DOMINGO ZANATEPEC: Zanatepec: 1 Í (VI/1995) MZFC. SINALOA: MAZATLÁN: 19 mi al NO de Mazatlán: 1 (VII1/1973) MGCL-FLMNH. 6 mi al N de Mazatlán: 1 (V111/1973) MGCL-FLMNH. Mazatlán: 1 (VII/9999) AME. GEOGRAPIMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZASATA IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 257 23 Lasaia sula peninsularis Clench, 1972. CHIAPAS: COMITÁN DE DOMÍNGUEZ: Santa Rosa, Comitán: 1 (V//1970) MGCL- FLMNH; 1 (V1/9999) AME. HUIXTÁN: Parque El Aguacatero km 20 Cintalapa-Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 1 Í (1X/1978) MZFC. LA TRINITARIA: Montebello: 1 2 (VI1/1990) CNIN. SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LAS CASAS: Ocozocoautla: 1 Í (1X/1920) CNIN. SOYALÓ: Bombaná: 1 (1X/1975) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (VII/9999) AME. DURANGO: DURANGO: Victoria de Durango: 1 (V/1941) LACM. OAXACA: MATÍAS ROMERO: Cuauhtémoc, Salina Cruz: 1 4 (X1/1980) MZFC. SAN JOSÉ CHILT PEC: San José Chiltepec: 1 4 (VIV1964) CNIN; 2 Í (V/1967) CNIN; 2 4 (VI1/1968) CNIN. SANTIAGO COMALTEPEC: La Esperanza: 1 Í (VI1/1978) CNIN. Soyolapan El Bajo: 1 4 (VII/1964) CNIN; 1 Í (V/1965) CNIN; 1 Í (VI1/1983) MZFC; 1 (VIV1983) MZFC. PUEBLA: JALPAN: Salto de Puebla, el, Carretera 130: 1 (11/9999) AME. Patla, Barranca de; 1 4 (VIV/1981) MZFC; 1 (VII/1981) MZFC. ZIHUATEUTLA: Tequezquitla: 1 4 (V/1982) CNIN. QUINTANA ROO: FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTO: Ejido X-maben, Rancho Lan-kiwiik; 1 ? and 1 $ (VII/2002) ECOSUR. Ejido X-maben, San Antonio Segundo: 1 Í (VIL2002) ECOSUR. MERIDA: Reserva de Cuxtla, Sta. Cruz Palomeque: 1 Í (VII/2004) ECOSUR. SAN LUIS PO- TOSÍ: ALAQUINES: Bañito, el, Valles: 1 (1V/1941) AMNHL. EL NARANJO: Cascadas El Salto: 1 (11/1969) MGCL-FLMNH CIUDAD VALI Hotel Covadonga, carretera 85, Ciudad Valles: 1 (VIM1/1987) MGCL-FLMNH. TAMAULIPAS: ANTI- GUO MORELOS: Arroyo del Loco: 1 (1V/1941) AMNH. CIUDAD VICTORIA: Río San Marcos: 1 Í (V/1987) MZFC; 3 4 (VIII/1987) MZFC. JIMÉNEZ: San Francisco: 1 (VI11/1965) MGCL-FLMNH:; 1 4 (NA/1967) MZFC; 1 (VI1/1969) MGCI.-- FLMNH. PADILLA: Río Purificación, Hwy. 101: 1 4 (X/1990) MZFC. VICTORIA: Cañón del Novillo, 3 km al S de Ciudad Victoria: 1 (V/1986) LACM. VERACRUZ: ACTOPAN: Gloria Cardel, la: 1 Í (99/9999) CNIN. CATEMACO: Cuetzalapan: 1 Í (VIA 981) CNIN; 1 Í (VII/1982) CNIN; 1 9 and 2 Í (VITI/1982) CNIN; 3 9 (99/1982) CNIN; 1 Í (99/1982) CNIN Región de Catemaco: 1 4 (V//1982) MZFC. COATZACOALCOS: Coatzacoalcos, 2 mi SE: 2 (1/1966) CMNH. IXHUATLÁN DE MADERO: San Francisco: 1 (VII/9999) AME; 1 (VIII/9999) AME. IXHUATLÁN DEL CAFÉ: Presidio: 1 (VII/1939) MGCL-FLMNIH 1 (VII1/1943) MGCL-FLMNH; 2 (VI1/1947) MGCL-FLMNIL 1 (VI11/1950) MGCL-FLMNIL 1 (1V/1956) MGCL-FLMNH. Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 2 (VII1/1910) AMNH; 2 (VII1/1954) AMNH; 2 (IV/9999) AME; 2 (VI/9999) AMK; 2 (VII/9999) AME; 2 (VIII/9999) AME. NANCHITAL DE LÁZARO CÁRDENAS DEL RÍO: Nanchital: 2 (11/9999) AME. SANTIAGO TUXTLA: Cerro El Vigía, Santiago Tuxtla: 5 Í (VI/1984) MZFC; 5 (VIV/1984) MZFC; 1 (1X/1987) MZFC. Tapalap: (VII/1980) MZFC; 1 (VII/1980) MZEC; 3 Í (VI/1982) MZEC; 3 (VI/1982) MZFC; 1 2 and 4 4 (VIII/1982) MZFC; MZFC 4 (VIM/1982) MZFC; 1 7 and 2 $ (1X/1987) MZFC; 2 (1X/1987) MZFC. SOTEAPAN: 1-2 mi al O de Nanchital: 1 (11/1969) MGCL-FLMNH. San Pedro de Soteapan, Ver.: 2 (X/1985) USNM. Soteapan: 1 Í (VI1/1982) CNIN; 1 9 (VII/1983) CNIN. TEOCELO: Barranca de Cayoapa, Tejería: 1 $ (1X/1980) MZFC; 1 (1X/1980) MZFC. Lasaia agesilas callaina Clench, 1972. COLIMA: COLIMA: Ciudad de Colima: 1 (X/9999) AMNIL MINATITI _ÁN: Plat- anarillo: 14 4 (X/1989) MZFC; 1 Í (X11990) MZEC; 6 Í (1X/1994) MZFC. CIUDAD DE VILLA DE ÁLVAREZ: Agua Dulce: 1 3 (X/1989) MZFC. CHIAPAS: TUZANTÁN: Río Huixtla, 7 mi N Huixtla: 1 Í (VII1/1988) MZFC; Huixtla: 1 (1X/1976) CNIN; 1 Í (VII/1988) MZFC. OCOSINGO: San Quintín: 1 (VII/9999) AME; 5 (VII/1971) MGCL-FLMNH; 5 (1X/1971) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (X/1971) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (X11/1971) MGCL-FLMNH. Pista Yaxchilán: 1 2 (VII/1998) MZFC. Ejido La Gloria, Río Lacantún: 1 4 (V11/1982) MZF'C; 1 (VI1/1982) MZFC. Chajul: 1 (VII1/1979) CNIN. Camino a Tonina: 2 Í (VI/1991) MZFC. OCOZOCOAUTLA DE ESPINOSA: Bethel-Lacanjá, el: 1 4 (VIV1988) MZFC. Palenque- Ocosingo, km 95, s/carretera: 1 4 (VI/1981) MZFC; 1 $ (VI1/1987) MZFC; 1 Í (VIV/1991) MZFC. OXCHUC: Oxchuc: 1 (X/1971) MGCI.-FLMNIL Rancho San Ramón: 1 (X/9999) AMK. PICHUCAL.CO: Pichucalco: 1 (VI1/1974) MGCI-FLMNIH TAPACHULA: Tapachula: 1 (VI/1930) AMNH; 1 Í (VI1/1967) CNIN. TONALÁ: Pueblo Nuevo “La Granja”: 1 (VI1/1930) AMNII. VENUSTIANO CARRANZA: Paraíso: 1 (X/1969) MGCI-FLMNIL, 1 (1/9999) AME. VILLA COMALTITLÁN: San Felipe: 1 (X1/1973) MGCL-FLMNII; 1 (X1/9999) AME. ESCUINTLA: Escuintla, montañas: 1 (X/9999) AMI:; Escuintla: 8 (1X/1974) MGCL-FLMNH. LA INDEPENDENCIA: Granja, la, Jaltenango: 1 (VI/1930) AMNH. San Antonio Buenavista (Santa Rosa), Independencia: 6 (VI1/1990) CNIN. Santa Rosa: 2 3 (VI1/1990) CNIN. LA TRINITARIA: Montebello: 2 Y and 2 Í (VI/1990) CNIN. Trinitaria, la, Lagunas de Montebello: 1 (VI/1990) CNIN. MOTOZINTLA: Musté, San Jerónimo: 1 (1X/9999) AMNH; 1 (VIM/9999) AMNH. GUERRERO: CHILPANCINGO DE LOS BRAVO: 2 (V1/1956) MGCL-FLMNH; Acahuizotla: 5 (VI1/1957) MGCL-FLMNIL; 1 (VI11/1958) MGCI-FLMNIL 1 4 (X1/1966) MZFC; 2 (1X/1974) CNIN; 1 (X11/1976) CNIN; 1 (V/1981) CNIN; 9 (1X/1981) CNIN; 2 (1/1982) CNIN; 3 (V1/1982) CNIN; 1 (X1/1982) CNIN; 2 Í (VI1/1991) CNIN; 34 (VI1/1991) CNIN; 2 (VI1/1992) CNIN; 2 $ and 8 Í (VI1I/1991) CNIN; CNIN 2 (X11/1992) CNIN; 1 (VI/9999) AML:; 1 (VII/9999) AMI; 1 (VII/9999) AME. Agua de Obispo: 1 (VI1/1932) AMNIL 2 ¿ (VI1/1937) CNIN. ZA- POTITLÁN TABLAS: Tierra Colorada, Papagayo: 1 (11960) CNIN. ATOYAC DE ÁLVAREZ: Parotas, las, Atoyac de Álvarez: 1.8 (1X/1984) MZEC; 1 3 (X1/1985) MZEC. Río Santiago: 22 4 (VI1/1984) MZFC; 1 4 (1X/1984) MZE'C: 2 4 (XI1/1984) MZFC; 2 4 (V/1985) MZFC; 4 (VIV/1985) MZFC; 1 Í (VIIV1985) MZFC; 5 Í (1X/1985) MZEC; 1 (1X/1985) MZFC; 9 ¿ (X/1985) MZEC; 6 Í (X1/1985) MZEC; 2 Í (11987) MZFC. Puente de los Lugardo, Atoyac de Álvarez: 1 4 (X/1983) MZFC; 258 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS E7 4. 24 Í (VI/1984) MZFC; 1 Í (X/1985) MZFC; 1 4 (X1/1985) MZFC. HIDALGO: MOLANGO DE ESCAMILLA: Molango, de 2 3 (VIII/1988) MZFC. JALISCO: CASIMIRO CASTILLO: La Calera: 1 4 (X/1989) MZFC; 2 4 $ (X/1992) MZFC PUERTO VALLARTA: Puerto Vallarta: 1 (1X/1975) MGCL-FLMNH. AUTLÁN DE NAVARRO: Ahuacapán: 1 Í (X/1989) MZFC; 1 4 (1X/1994) MZFC; 1 Í (XI1/1995) MZFC. LA HUERTA: Calera, la, 10 mi S de la Cumbre de Autlán: 1 (99/1966) AMNIL MICHOACÁN: AQUILA: La Huerta, Los Pozos: 1 4 (X/1996) MZFC. IRIMBO: Rancho Nuevo: 1 4 (1X/1996) MZFC. COAHUAYANA: Zapotán: 1 Í (1X/1982) MZFC. ARTEAGA: Rancho “El Zorrillo”, Cañada Húmeda 1X/1996) MZFC; 23and1 9 ? (X/1996) MZFC. AQUILA: La Huerta, Los Pozos: 1 $ led MZFC. APAIZINGÁN: Enigma 3 (U1995) MZEC; 4 Í (VIM/1995) MZFC; (V/1996) MZFC; 1 4 (VIV1996) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/1996) MZFC; 1 Y Ea MZFC. MORELOS: YAUTEPEC: Cañón de Lobos, 10 mi E Cuernavaca: 1 (1X/1983) MZFC; Yautepec: 3 (X1/1974) MZFC. NAYARIT: COMPOSTELA: Compostela: 1 (1X/1932) AMNIL. TEPIC: Yerba, la, Tepetilte: 1 4 (1X/1979) MZFC; 3 Í (1X/1980) MZFC. XALISCO: Palapita: 4 Í (XI/1979) MZFC. LA YESCA: Arroyo del Refilón, Tepic: 1 4 (1X/1963) CNIN. COMPOSTELA: Compostela: 1 (VII1/1933) AMNHL TEPIC: Tepic, 27 mi N, Jet. E México 195: 1 (V1/1969) LACM. COMPOSTELA: Mecatán: 1 Í (X/1996) MZFC. OAXACA: SAN JOSÉ Chiltepec: 1 (VIIS62) CNIN; 1 (VII/1963) CNIN; 1 (VIV/1964) CNIN; 1 (VIV'1968) CNIN; 1 (VIIVA9S0) A MZFC; 1 Í (VIM/1980) MZFC; 1 ¿ (11982) MZFC; 1 (111/1982) MZFC; 1 (VI1/1982) MZFC; 6 Í (VI1/1982) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/1982) MZFC; 1 (1X/1982) MZFC; 1 Í (99/9999) CNIN. Naranjal Chiltepec: 2 Í (V1/1982) MZFC: 3 (VIV1982) MZFC; 6 $ (VIIV1982) MZFC; 3 (VII/1982) MZFC. SAN MIGUEL TILQUIAPAM: Pinotepa-Putla, cerca de Zacatepec: 1 Í (VI/1992) MZFC. SANTA MARÍA HUATULCO: Rancho Hagia Sofía: 3 Í (X/2011) MZFC; 1 Í (VI/2012) MZFC; 9 Í (1X/2012) MZFC; 5 4 (X/2012) MZEC; 1 2 and 1 Í (V/2013) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/2013) MZFC. Rancho Santa María, Candelaria Loxicha: 1 (VH/1970) CMNIHL SANTA MARÍA CHIMALAPA: La Gringa, Santa María Chimalapa: 2 Í (1X/1995) MZFC. SAN JUAN BAUTISTA VALLE NACIONAL: Valle Nacional: 1 4 (VII/1979) MZFC; 1 (VI11/1979) MZFC. Rancho Ojoche, Valle Nacional: 1 4 (VI'1982) MZFC. SAN JUAN BAUTISTA TUXTEPEC: Tuxtepec: 1 (V/1967) MGCL-FLMNH; 9 (X/1967) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (X/9999) AME; 1 (X1/9999) AME. CANDELARIA LOXICHA: El Azulillo: 2 3 and 1 Y (1X/2007) MZFC; 1 4 (X1/2007) MZFC; 1 4 (V/2008) MZFC; 2 Í (VIIV/2008) MZFC; 2 Í (X/2008) MZEC; 5 Í (VIV2011) MZFC; 2 Í (VIIV2011) MZFC; 1 Í (X/2011) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/2012) MZFC. Candelaria Loxicha: 1 (X1/1967) AMNH; 1 (1X/1969) USNM; 1 Í (1X/1988) MZFC; 2 9 and 1 ¿ (X/1988) MZEC; 2 Í (VI1/1990) MZFC; 1 (VIV/1990) MZFC; 1 (99/9999) CNIN. Candelaria Loxicha, 2 mi N: 1 Í (X1/1989) MZFC. MATÍAS ROMERO: Matías Romero: 1 (VII/1982) CNIN; 1 (VII1/1977) CNIN. Istmo: 1 4 (VIII/1971) CNIN. SAN GABRIEL MIXTEPEC: San Gabriel Mixtepec, +5 mi N de, Sierra Madre del Sur: 2 4 (VI1/1991) MZFC. PLUMA HIDALGO: Magdalena, El Lirio: (X/2012) MZI'C. METATES: Metates: 1 (V/1991) CNIN; 1 (VIV/1991) CNIN; 2 3 (V/1992) MZFC. SANTA MARÍA JACATEPEC: Jacatepec: 1 4 (1X/1974) MZFC. Santa María Jacatepec: 1 (1X/1979) MZFC. SANTIAGO YAVEO: Cerro Armadillo: 2 Í (VI/1981) MZEC; 2 (VIII/1981) MZEC; 1 É (VI/1984) MZFC; 1 (VII/1984) MZFC. SANTIAGO LAXOPA: carretera 175 +5 mi N de la Ciudad de Oaxaca: 1 4 (VI/1988) MZFC. SANTIAGO COMALTEPEC: Vista Hermosa, Sierra de Juárez: 1 (VII1/1964) CNIN. Soyolapan El Bajo: 1 (X/1961) AMNH; 2 (VII/1964) CNIN; 1 Í (VII/1983) MZFC; 1 (V11/1983) MZFC. San Martín Soyolapan, Valle Nacional: 3 4 (V11/1983) MZFC. Puerto Eligio: 1 (VII/1963) AMNH. PUEBLA: ZIHUATEUTLA: Equal 1 (X1/1971) MZFC; 3 Í (VIV1978) MZFC; 1 (VII/1978) MZFC; 3 $ (VI/1978) MZFC; 3 (VI/1978) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/1978) MZFC; 1 (1X/1978) MZFC; 5 Í (X/1978) MZFC; 5 (X/1978) MZFC;2 3 (X1/1978) MZFC: 2(X1/1978) MZFC; 1 Ú (1V/1979) MZFC:; 1 (1V/1979) MZEC: 3 4 (VI/1979) MZFC; 3 (VI/1979) MZEC; 1 Í (VIM/1979) MZFC; 1 (VII/1979) MZFC; 1 Í and 1 2 (1X/1979) MZFC; 1 (1X/1979) MZFC; 1.4 (V/1980) CNIN; 3 (V/1980) CNIN; 1 4 (VI1/1980) CNIN; 1 3 (V1/1981) MZFC; 1 Ú (VIM/1981) MZFEC: 1 (VIV1981) MZEC; 1 (V/1982) CNIN; 3 $ (VI1/1983) MZI'C; 2 (V11/1983) M2 ; 14 (VIM/1983) MZIC. JOPALA: Patla, Barranca de: 1 Í (X/1977) MZFC; 1 (X/1977) MZFC; 1 Í (X1/1971) MZFC; 1 Í (X11/1977) MZFC; 1 (X1/1977) MZFC; 1 Í (VIV1978) MZFC; 1 (V11/1978) MZFC; 2 3 (VI11/1978) MZEC; 2 (VIM1/1978) MZFC; 1 4 (VI/1980) MZFC; 1 (VI11/1980) MZEC; 3 ¿ (VII/1981) MZFC; 3 (VI/1981) MZFC; 1 Í (VV/1982) CNIN. FRANCISCO Z. MENA: La Ceiba: 1 (VIM/1981) CNIN. QUINTANA ROO: FELIPE CARRILLO PUERTO: Ejido X-maben; Rancho Lan-kiwiik: 1 4 (VI/2002) ECOSUR. Ejido X- maben; camino a Noh-cancab: 1 4 (VII/2002) ECOSUR; 1 4 (VII/2002) ECOSUR. SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: CIUDAD VALI Ciudad Valles: 1 (VI/1966) CMNH:; 2 (VI/1967) CMNH; 2 (V1/1968) CMNH:; 1 (V1/1969) CMNH; 2 (VI/1970) CMNH; 5 (VII/1970) CMNIT; 3 (V1/1971) CMNIH; 1 (VI1/1971) CMNIHL 3 (V1/1972) CMNIHT; 1 (V1/1973) MGCL-FLMNIL. Bonito, el, 7 mi al S de Ciudad Valles: 1 (1V/1941) AMNIL. Ciudad Valles: 2 (VI1/1972) CMNIL VENADO: Cañón Laurel, Río Axtla: 2 (V/1986) LACM. TANQUIÁN DE ESCOBEDO: Arroyo Calabazas: 1 (1V/1941) AMNH. TAMAZUNCHALE: Tamazunchale, 10 mi SW: 1 (VII1/1972) USNM; 1 (VII1/9999) AMNII; 1 (1X/1978) AMNII. Sol, el, Tamazunchale: 1 (1V/1941) AMNIL Quinta Chilla, 1 mi al S de Tamazunchale: 1 (X11/1971) AMNH. Palitla: 1 4 (11/1987) MZFC. Mera Ceiba, la, Tamazunchale: 1 4 (X/1990) MZFC. TABASCO: TENOSIQUE: Tepescuintle: 1 (X/1962) AMNH. TACOTALPA: Coconá, Cerro del: 3 4 GEOGRAPIMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZASATA IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 259 25 (1X/1995) MZFC. HUIMANGUILLO: Venta, la: 1 (1/9999) AME. TAMAULIPAS: XICOTÉNCATL: Nacimiento, el, cerca de Gómez Farías: 1 4 (V1/1992) MZFC. VERACRUZ: SANTIAGO TUXTLA: Cerro El Vigía, Santiago Tuxtla: 1 $ (VI1/1982) MZFC; 1 (VII/1982) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/1982) MZFC; 1 (1X/1982) MZFC; 1 Í (VI/1984) MZEC; 1 (VI/1984) MZFC; 1 4 (VIII/1987) MZFC; 1 (VII/1987) MZFC; 1 $ (1X/1987) MZFC; 1 (1X/1987) MZFC. Cerro Blanco: 1 Í and 1 9 (V/1982) CNIN. Tapalapan: 1 4 (VI1/1980) MZFC; 1 (VI1/1980) MZFC; 3 Í (VI1/1982) MZFC; 3 (V11/1982) MZFC; 3 $ (VII1/1982) MZFC; 1 (VIIV1982) MZEC; 1 (1X/1987) MZFC; 1 Í (X/1982) MZFC; 1 (X/1982) MZFC. SAN ANDRÉS TUXTLA: Salto de Eyipantla: 1 4 (VII/1980) MZFC; 1 (VII1/1980) MZFC. RÍO BLANCO: Río Blanco: 2 (V1/1941) AMNH. TEOCELO: Barranca de Cayoapa, Tejería: 1 4 (VIV1978) MZFC; 1 (VI1/1978) MZFC; 2 $ (VII/1980) MZFC; 2 (VII/1980) MZFC; 1 € (14/1980) MZFC; 1 (1X/1980) MZFC; 1 Í (V1/1981) MZFC; 1 (VI/1981) MZFC; 1 Í (VIIV1981) MZFC; 1 (VII1981) MZFC. SOTEAPAN: San Pedro de Sotcapan, Ver.: 3 (VH11/1983) CNIN; 4 (X/1985) USNM. MISANTLA: Misantla: 2 (VI1/1911) AMNH. CATEMACO: Cuetzalapan: 5 2 (99/1982) CNIN. Popocatépetl: 1 Í (VI/1980) MZFC; 1 (VIV/1980) MZFC; 1 4 (VI/1983) MZFC; 1 (V1/1983) MZFC. Dos Amatcs, Catemaco: 1 (V11/1973) MGCL-FLMNH!: 2 (VI1/1975) LACM:; 2 (VII/9999) AME. Cuetzalapan: 1 9 (V1/1966) CNIN; 1 (VIII/1981) CNIN; 3 9 (VI1/1982) CNIN; 4 $ (VIII/1982) CNIN; 2 (VII1/1982) CNIN; 1 2 (VII/1983) CNIN. Región de Catemaco: 1 Í (VI/1982) MZFC. Catemaco: 1 Y (99/1986) CNIN. Bastonal: 1 9 (VIII/1991) CNIN; 1 $ (X/1991) CNIN. AMATLÁN DE LOS REYES: Guerrero: 1 (99/9999) USNM. ACAYUCAN: Acayu- can: 2 (VI/1984) USNM; 2 (VI1/1984) LACM. IXHUATLÁN DEL CAFÉ: Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 2 (V/1939) AMNH; 2 (1X/1939) AMNH; 2 (X/1939) AMNH; 1 Í and 1 2 (VIV1951) MZFC; 2 (VI/1954) AMNH; 1 Í (VIM/1954) MZFC; 2 (V/9999) AME; 2 (V1/9999) AME:; 2 (VII/9999) AME. Presidio: 1 (VI1/1941) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (V/1944) MGCL-FLMNIH; 1 (VIV1945) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (VII/1946) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (VV/1949) MGCL-FLMNH. COATEPEC: Coatepec: 2 (99/9999) USNM. CÓRDOBA: Córdoba: 2 (V/1906) USNM; 2 (99/9999) LACM. CUITLÁHUAC: Río Seco, Peñuelos: 1 P (1X/1955) CNIN. ZONGOLICA: Motzorongo: 2 (X1/1905) USNM. YUCATÁN: CHEMAX: Pisté: 1 3 (VII1/1959) MZFC; 1 (VI1/1962) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 Í (VI/1979) MZFC; 1 (VIT/9999) AME. X-Can: 1 (VI/1964) CMNH; 1 (VII/1965) CMNH. TINUM: Chichen Itzá: 1 (X/1954) CMNIH Lasaia sessilis Schaus, 1890. COLIMA: COLIMA: Tepames, 0.9 mi S: 1 (IX/1986) SDNHM. CHIAPAS: CHIAPA DE CORZO: Chorreadero, el, 15 km S de Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 1 (VIL/9999) AME. El Chorreadero: 1 (VI1/1973) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 9 (XI1/1980) CNIN; 1 $ (VII/1990) MZFC. ESCUINTLA: Escuintla: 2 (1X/1974) MGCI-FLMNIL Escuintla, montañas: 1 (1X/9999) AME. LA INDEPENDENCIA: San Antonio Buenavista (Santa Rosa), Independencia: 1 (VIV/1990) CNIN. Santa Rosa: 1 Y and 2 Í (VII/1990) CNIN. LA TRINITARIA: Montebello: 1 Í (VII/1990) CNIN. MOTOZINTLA: Musté, San Jerónimo: 1 (VH1/1968) AMNIL OCOSINGO: Camino a Tonina: 1 4 (VI/1991) MZFC. San Quintín: 2 (1X/1971) MGCI- FLMNH; 1 (VII/9999) AME; 1 (1X/9999) AME. SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LAS CASAS: San Juan Chamula: 1 Í (VI/1993) MZFC. UNIÓN JUÁREZ: San Jerónimo, Tacaná: 1 (V11/1973) AMNIL 1 (VI11/1974) SDNHM; 1 (VII1/9999) AMNIL Talquián Tacaná, nr. Tolquián: 1 (99/9999) AMNH. GUERRERO: ATOYÁC DE ÁLVAREZ: Faisanal, el, Atoyac de Álvarez: 1 4 (X11/1982) MZFC; 1 Í (1V/1983) MZFC: 5 Í (VII/1983) MZFC; 9 Í (1X/1983) MZEC; 10 Í (X/1983) MZFC; 3 Í (11/1984) MZFC; 5 Í (X11/1984) MZFC. Nueva Delhi, Atoyac de Álvarez: 2 3 (X/1983) MZFC; 1 9 (11/1985) MZFC. Puente de los Lu- gardo, Atoyac de Álvarez: 1 ¿ (VIV1984) MZFC. Río Santiago: 4 4 (VIV/1984) MZFC. CHILPANCINGO DE LOS BRAVO: Acahuizotla: 1 (1X/1981) CNIN; 1 Í (1X/1981) CNIN; 1 (VI1/1992) CNIN; 1 (X11/1992) CNIN. HUITZUCO: Quetzalapa: 1 8 (1X/2010) MZFZ. JALISCO: AUTLÁN DE NAVARRO: Ahuacapan: Ahuacatlán: 1 (X/1989) MZFC; 1 Í (VIM/1990) MZFC; 3 Í (X/1992) MZFC. CASIMIRO CASTILLO: La Calera: 3 Í (X/1992) MZFC. MICHOACÁN: VILLAMAR: Los Pozos de Ixtlán, 18 mi al O de Zamora: 1 (VI11/1973) MGCI.-FLMNIL 1 (VII1/9999) AME. NAYARIT: SANTA MARÍA DEL ORO: Laguna Santa María del Oro: 1 (VI11/1973) MGCI.-FLMNII; 1 (VII1/9999) AME. XALISCO: Palapita; 1 4 (X11/1979) MZFC. OAXACA: CANDELARIA LOXICHA: Candelaria Loxicha: 1 (1X/1969) CMNH:; 1 (X/1969) CMNH: 2 (V111/1973) SDNIHM. La Soledad: 1 4 (VI1/1983) MZFC. PLUMA HIDALGO: Finca Aurora-San Isidro: 2 Í (111/2007) MZFC; 2 4 (VII/2008) MZFC. La Pasionaria: 1 $ (X/2008) MZFC. Pluma Hidalgo; 1 Ú (1/1989) MZFC. Magdalena, El Lirio: 1 Í (X/2012) MZFC. Pluma Hidalgo (3 km W): 1 Í (1/2008) MZFC; 1 4 (VI/2008) MZFC; 2 4 (X/2008) MZFC; 1 Í (VIV2011) MZFC; 1 4 (VIIM/2011) MZIC. SAN BARTOLOME LOXICIHA: Copalita, Llano de Ocote: 1 4 (1X/2008) MZFC. SAN JOSÉ CHILTEPEC: San José Chiltepec: 1 (VII1/1963) CNIN; 1 (VIV1964) CNIN; 1 Í (VIV1968) CNIN. SANTIAGO CO- MALTEPEC: Soyolapan El Bajo: 1 (VI1/1964) CNIN; 2 (VI1/1983) MZEC; 3 $ (VI//1983) MZFC. PUEBLA: CUETZALAN DEL PROGRESO: Santiago Yancuictlalpan: 1 $ (VI1/1980) CNIN. FRANCISCO Z. MENA: La Ceiba: 3 (V11/1978) MZIEC.: 3 Ú (VIV1978) MZFC. JOPALA: Patla, Barranca de: 1 4 (VIL/1977) CNIN; 1 (VI/1977) CNIN; 2 Í (VIV1978) MZFC; 2 (VI1/1978) M7 3 (VV1981) MZFC; 1 (VV1981) MZFC; 2 Í (V1/1982) MZFC; 2 (V1/1982) MZEC. ZIMUATEUTLA: Tequezquitla: 1 ¿ (VIV1978) MZFC; 1 (VIV1978) MZFC; 2 Í (X1/1978) MZFC; 2 (X1/1978) MZFC; 1 ¿ (VI/1979) MZFC; 1 (VIT/1979) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/1979) MZFC; 1 (1X/1979) MZFC; 3 Í (V/1980) CNIN; 2 Í (VIV1981) MZFC; 1 (VIV1981) 260 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS E7 4. 26 MZFC; 1 Y (X/1981) CNIN; 3 Í (VIV1983) MZFC; 2 Í (VII/1983) MZFC. SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: CIUDAD VALLES: Ciudad Valles: 1 (V1/1969) CMNH; 1 (V1/1969) MGCL-FLMNHL 3 (V1/1970) CMNH; 1 9 (1X/1976) CNIN; 1 (VI/9999) AME. TAMAZUNCHALE: Mera Ceiba, la, Tamazunchale: 1 4 (VIV1988) MZFC. SINALOA: MAZATLÁN: Mazatlán; 1 (X11/1931) LACM. TABASCO: TACOTALPA: Cerro del Coconá: 1 $ (1X/1995) MZFC. VERACRUZ: CATEMACO: Catemaco: 1 4 (V1/1982) MZFC. Cuetzalapan: 1 (VII1/1981) CNIN; 1 (VII1/1982) CNIN; 2 (99/1982) CNIN. Dos Amates, Catemaco: 1 (1X/1987) MZEC; 1 Í (1X/1987) MZFC. COATEPEC: Coatepec: 2 (99/9999) USNM. CÓRDOBA: Córdoba: 2 (99/9999) CMNH; 2 (VI/1909) USNM. IXHUATLÁN DEL CAFÉ: Presidio: 1 $ (VI/1954) MZFC. Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 1 (VIV1951) MZFC; 2 (99/9999) AMNH. LAS CHOAPAS: Ojo de Agua, Camino a: 2 (VI/1941) AMNH. SANTIAGO TUXTLA: Cerro Blanco: 1 2 (VII/1982) CNIN. Cerro El Vigía, Santiago Tuxtla: 2 4 (VI/1987) MZEC; 1 (V11/1987) MZFC; 1 (VIII/1987) MZFC. Tapalapan: 1 4 (VIM/1982) MZFC; 1 (VII1/1982) MZFC; 1 $ (X/1982) MZFC; 1 (X/1982) MZFC; 1 4 (VII/1987) MZFC; 1 (VII/1987) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/1987) MZFC; 1 (1X/1987) MZFC. SOTEAPAN: Soteapan: 1 Y (VI/1983) CNIN. TEHUIPANGO: Xico: 1 (X1/1971) CNIN. TEOCELO: Barranca de Cayoapa, Tejería: 1 4 (VI/1980) MZFC: XALAPA: Xalapa: 4 (99/9999) AMNIH; 2 (99/9999) USNM. XICO: Cascada Texolo, Xico: 1 (V1/1985) MZFC; 1 4 (V1/1985) MZFC. El Puente Texolo, Teocelo-San Marcos: 1 (V1/1982) MZFC. Lasaia maria maria Clench, 1972. AGUASCALIENTES: AGUASCALIENTES: Carretera 45, Aguascalientes-L.cón km 116: 10 2 and 7 Í (VIV2014) MZFC. COLIMA: CIUDAD DE VILLA DE ÁLVAREZ: Agua Dulce: 1 4 (VIV1989) MZFC; 3 (1X/1989) MZFC; 3 Í (X/1989) MZEC; 3 Í (VII/1990) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/1994) MZFC; 1 Í (VIV1995) MZFC. COLIMA: Ciudad de Colima: 1 (1/9999) AME. Colima: 1 (1/1968) MGCL-FLMNIL COMALA: Comala: 3 (V/1967) CMNIL MINATIT- LÁN: Platanarillo: 1 2 and 16 4 (X/1989) MZFC; 2 Í (1X/1994) MZFC. DURANGO: DURANGO: Victoria de Durango: 1 (VI/1941) LACM; 1 (VI/9999) AME; 1 (V1/9999) CMNH. ESTADO DE MÉXICO: MALINAL.CO: Malinalco: 1 (VI1/1945) MGCI.-FLMNH; 1 (VI1/9999) AME; 1 4 (VII1/1979) MZFC. GUANAJUATO: MANUEL DOBLADO: Pénjamo-La Piedad: 1 (VII/1975) CNIN; 1 Í (VIM/1975) CNIN. OCAMPO: Presa La Luz, Cieneguillas: 1 2 (V/1991) MZFC. GUERRERO: BUENAVISTA: Las Vías: 1 4 (VIM/2009) MZFZ; 2 4 (X/2009) MZFZ; 1 9 (111/2010) MZEZ: 1 $ (XI1/2012) MZFZ; 14 (VIL2013) MZEZ. Los Amates: 2 Í (X1/2011) MZEZ; 1 Í (VII/2013) MZFZ. CUALÁC: Mexcala; 1 $ (VIL/1957) MZFC; 1 Í (VIIV1959) MZFC. CHILPANCINGO DE LOS BRAVO: Acahuizotla: 1 4 (VI/1950) MZFC:; 1 (1X/1955) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (X/1955) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 4 (VI1/1957) MZFC; 2 (VI1/1957) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 Í (VI/1958) MZFC; 4 (VII/1958) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 Í (X/1958) MZFC; 1 (X1/1958) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 Í (VIV/1960) MZFC; 1 Í (VIIV1961) MZFC; 1 (VIII/1961) MGCL-FLMNH; 2 Í (VI1/1966) MZFC; 1 (VI1/1967) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 9 (VI/1979) CNIN; 2 $ (VI1/1991) CNIN; 13 (VI1/1991) CNIN; 11 (VI11/1991) CNIN; 1 4 (VII1/1991) CNIN; 1 (VI1/9999) AME; 2 (VI11/9999) AME:; 1 (1X/9999) AME; 1 (X/9999) AME; 1 (X1/9999) AME. CHILPANCINGO DE LOS BRAVO: Omiltemi, Cueva del Borrego: 4 Í (1X/1985) MZFC; 2 9 (X/1985) MZFC; 2 and 1 Í (X1/1985) MZFC. Rancho Omiltemi: 4 ? (X1/1985) MZFC. HUITZUCO: Agua Salada: 6 Í (1X/2008) MZEZ; 1 Í (11/2009) MZEZ; 11 Í (VIIL2012) MZEZ; 3 Í (X/2009) MZEZ; 1 4 (X1/2012) MZFZ; 14 (12014) MZEZ. Quetzalapa: 7 Í (1X/2010) MZEZ; 2 Í (X1/2010) MZEZ; 1 (X/2011) MZEZ. IXCATEOPAN DE CUAUHTÉ- MOC: 2 Km al E de Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc: 1 $ (X1/1986) MZFC. A 3 Km Este de Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc: 2 4 (X1/1986) MZEC. Ojo de Agua, Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc: 2 Y (VII/1986) MZFC; 2 Y and 1 Í (X1/1986) MZFC; 3 Y and 1 3 (X11/1986) MZFC. PILCAYA: Grutas de Cacahuamilpa: 1 (X/1959) CNIN. Piedras Negras: (1X/2012) MZEZ; 2 Y and 3 € (X/2012) MZEZ; 3 Í (X1/2012) MZFZ. TAXCO DE ALARCÓN: Granadas, las: 1 (1X/1915) CNIN. La Cascada, Km 8, Taxco-Ixcateopan: 1 4 (XI/1986) MZFC. Las Granadas: 2 Í (X1/2007) MZEZ; 7 Í (X12011) MZEZ; 1.6 (1X/2012) M 18 (V/2013) Mi 3 (VV2013) MZF: TIPAC: Arroyo Las Damas: 2 4 (VIV/1986) MZEC; 1 9 (X1/1986) MZFC. Coapango: 1 3 (V/2012) MZEZ; 2 4 (X1/2012) MZFZ; 2 Y and 2 4 (XI1/2012) MZEZ; 2 P (12013) MZEZ; 2 Í (V/2013) MZEZ. Chontalcoatlán: 1 $ (1X/2007) MZFZ. ZAPOTITLÁN TABLAS: Tierra Colorada, Papa- gayo: 1 (1X/1967) CNIN. JALISCO: AUTLÁN DE NAVARRO: Ahuacapan: 1 3 (1X/1987) MZEC; 1 Í (X1/1987) M2 51 Q and 17 Í (X/1989) MZEC; 6 Í (VII/1990) MZEC; 2 Í (X1/1990) MZFC; 4 3 (X/1992) MZFC; 5 Í (1X/1994) MZFC; 5 ¿ (VIV1995) MZFC; 2 Í (XI/1995) MZFC. Autlán, la Cumbre de, 7 mi S: 1 (99/1966) AMNH. CASIMIRO CASTILLO: La Calera: 2 Í (1X/1989) MZFC; 3 Í (VII/1990) MZFEC; 3 Y and 2 Í (X1/1990) MZEC; 3 Ú (1X/1991) MZFC; 29 € (X/1992) MZFC; 2 2 and 3 Í (VV/1994) MZFC; 5 Í (1X/1994) MZFC; 1 Í (VIV1995) MZFC; 1 Í (111/1996) MZFC. CHAPALA: A: 1 (1X/1965) CMNII; 1 (VI1/1966) CMNI!I; 1 (VIN/1966) CMNIL; 1 (1X/1966) CMNIL; 5 (X11/1966) CMNIL ENCARNACIÓN DE DÍAZ: Encarnación de Díaz, 10 km S: 4 and 2 3 (X/1987) MZFC. SAN SEBASTIÁN DEL OESTE: Ixtlán del Río, 5 km SE: 1 (VI/1976) CAS. TUXCACUESCO: Zenzontla: 1 P and 7 $ (X1/1990) MZFC; 2 2 and 2 Í (V//1994) MZFC; 2 4 (1X/1994) MZIC; 2 3 (VI1/1995) MZFC; 2 Y and 2 Í (X11/1995) MZI'C. UNIÓN DE SAN ANTONIO: Carretera 45, Aguas- calientes-León km 29; 11 Y and 29 Í (VIV2014) MZFC. MICHOACÁN: APATZINGÁN: Carretera Coalcomán-La Nieve, km 4; 1 É (VIV1983) CNIN. Chiquihuitillo: 3 2 and 4 4 (VIM/1995) MZFC; 1 2 and 1 Í (VIV1996) MZFC; 1 2 and 2 4 GEOGRAPIMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZASATA IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press - 261 27 (1X/1996) MZFC. AQUILA: Río Aquila: 1 4 (11/1999) MZFC. ARTEAGA: Arteaga: 1 2 (1X/1985) MZFC; 1 Í (VIV1995) MZFC; 1 Pand 3 Í (1X/1995) MZEC; 1 and 1 Í (V/1996) MZFC. El Higueral: 1 ? (V1/1996) MZFC; 1 9 (VI/1996) MZFC; 1 2 and 1 € (1X/1996) MZFC. Rancho “El Zorrillo”: 1 Y (1X/1994) MZFC; 2 Ú (X1/1994) MZFC; 1 2 and 2 Í (XI1/1994) MZFC; 3 Y (VITI/1995) MZFC; 8 Y and 19 Í (1X/1995) MZFC; 1 $ (V/1996) MZFC; 1 Í (VII/1996) MZFC; 1 Í (1X/1996) MZFC; 1 9 (VIII/1998) MZFC. Rancho “El Zorrillo”, Cañada Húmeda: 1 4 (X11/1994) MZFC:; 2 Í (11/1995) MZFC; 1 4 (VII/1995) MZFC; 1 $ (VIM/1995) MZEC; 3 and 4 Í (1X/1995) MZFC; 1 2 and 1 Í (X1/1995) MZFC; 1 Í (11/1996) MZFC; 1 Í (1V/1996) MZFC; 1 Í (V1/1996) MZFC; 1 4 (VI/1996) MZFC; 1 $ (VII/1996) MZFC: 3 Y and 9 Í (1X/1996) MZFC; 1 2 and 3 Í (X/1996) MZFC. Toscano: 3 Í (1X/1995) MZFC; 2 Y and 2 4 (VIV/1996) MZFC; 6 Y and 6 Í (1X/1996) MZFC. CHINICUILA: La Nuez: 1 Y (X11/1998) MZFC. GABRIEL ZAMORA: Barranca Sifón, Atuto: 1 Í (1X/1983) MZFC. Cupa- titzio, Presa Hidrocléctrica: 3 Y and 4 É (1X/1994) MZFC; 1 Y and 4 Í (X/1994) MZEC; 1 3 (V1/1996) MZF 9 and2 4 (VI/1996) MZFC; 1 2 and 5 Í (VII/1996) MZFC; 1 Í (V1/1997) MZEC; 1 Í (VI/1997) MZFC. Las Pintadas: 1 $ (X11/1996) MZ.FC. IRIMBO: Rancho Nuevo: 1 ? and 1 Í (X1/1996) MZFC; 1 Y (V1/1997) MZFC; 1 Í (V/1998) MZFC; 3 Í (VII/1998) MZ.FC. JUNGAPEO: San José Purúa: 2 (X11/1965) CMNH. LA PIEDAD: Piedad, la, Ciudad del Sol: 2 Y and 1 4 (VIV1981) MZFC. LOS REYES: Chorros del Varal, los: 1 (VI/1990) MZFC; 6 $ (VII/1990) MZEC; 17 (VII/1990) MZFC; 14 (1X/1990) MZ.FC: 8 Í (X/1990) MZFC; 9 (X/1990) MZFC; 1 (X1/1990) M. 1 (X11/1990) MZFC. PARÁCUARO: El Mar- qués Mujica: 2 4 (XI1/1996) MZFC. Parácuaro: 1 2 (VII/1994) MZFC; 1 Í (V1/1995) MZFC; 2 Í (VI/1995) MZFC. PU- RUANDIRO: Ucácuaro: 1 (V/1983) CNIN; 1 (VI11/1983) CNIN; 1 (X11/1983) CNIN. TARETÁN: Las Goteras: 3 Y (VII/1995) MZFC; 2 $ (VII/1996) MZFC; 23 Y and 14 Í (VIT/1996) MZFC; 3 Y and 4 Í (1X/1996) M2 and 2 Í (X/1996) MZFC; 1 Ú (X1/1996) MZEC; 1 Í (X11/1996) MZFC. TEPALCATEPEC: Río Pinolapa, Puente: 1 2 (VI/1983) CNIN. TURI- CATO: Cerro de la Cruz: 1 3 (X/1996) MZFC. URUAPAN: Matanguarán: 1 $ (VII/1994) MZFC; 2 and 3 Í (VIM/1994) MZFC; 1 4 (1X/1994) MZFC; 7 $ and 16 $ (X/1994) MZF'C; 2 $ and 19 $ (X1/1994) MZFC; 4 Í (X11/1994) MZFC:; 2 $ (111/1996) MZFC; 1 Í (1V/1996) MZFC. Sabino, el, cerca Uruapan: 1 (VI1/1936) AMNH; 1 (V/9999) AMNH. VILLAMAR: Los Pozos de Ixtlán, 18 mi al O de Zamora: 2 (VI11/1973) MGCL-FLMNHI; 2 (VII1/9999) AME. ZIRACUARETIRO: Ziracu- aretiro: 1 Y (VIV1983) CNIN. MORELOS: AMACUZAC: Huajintlán: 1 (VII/9999) AME. AYALA: Rancho El Polvorín, Villa de Ayala: 1 (X1/1972) CNIN. CUERNAVACA: Cuernavaca: 1 (VII/1906) USNM; 1 (VI/1975) MGCL-FLMNH. MIA- CATLÁN: Palo Grande: 1 9 and 67 Í (VI/2013) MZFEZ; 20 Í (VII/2013) MZFZ; 20 3 (1X/2013) MZF Y and 36 4 (X/2013) MZEZ; 9 Í (X1/2013) MZEZ; 8 Í (X11/2013) MZEZ; 3 Y and 2 Í (12014) MZEZ; 2 Í (11/2014) MZFZ. MORELOS: Yautepce: 1 Y (VI/1968) MZFC. TEPALCINGO: El Limón: 1 $ (1X/1998) MZFZ. El Limón de Cuauchichinola: 10 4 (VIIT/2004) MZFC; 4 Y and 29 Í (1X/2004) MZFC. Ixtlileo El Grande: 1 4 (X/1998) MZFZ. TETECALA: Tetecala: 3 $ (1/2013) MZFZ; 4 2 and 10 Í (VII/2013) MZEZ; 4 Y and 29 Í (1X/2013) MZEZ; 38 Í (X/2013) MZEZ; 31 Í (X1/2013) MZFZ; 16 3 (XI1/2013) MZFZ; 1 (XI1/2013) MZFZ:; 1 9 and 5 Í (12014) MZFZ. TLALTIZAPAN: Estacas, las: 1 (X11/1964) CNIN; 1 (XI1/1965) CNIN; 1 (XI/1965) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (X11/9999) AME. TLAQUILTENANGO: Paraje Rancho Viejo: 1 (X1/1965) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (X1/9999) AME. Rancho Viejo, Villa Ayala: 3 (1X/1956) CNIN; 12 (1X/1965) CNIN; 4 Í (X/1966) MZFC; 9 and 2 $ (VI1/1972) CNIN; 1 (VI1/1972) CNIN; 1; 1 (X/1972) CNIN; 1 (VIII/1979) CNIN. Valle de Vázquez: 1 4 (1X/2000) MZFZ. XOCHITEPEC: Alpuyeca: 1 Y (VIV1976) CNIN; 7 (VI/1976) CNIN; 1 Y (VIM/1976) MZFC; 2 € and 1 ¿ (X/1976) CNIN; 1 (X/1976) CNIN; 1 (VI1/1977) CNIN; 1 Y (VH/1977) CNIN; 1 (VIH1/1977) CNIN; 1 (X11/1981) CNIN YAUTREPEC: Cañón de Lobos, 10 mi E Cuernavaca: 1 Í (1X/1951) CNIN; 1 (VI1/1956) CNIN; 1 (VII1/1962) CNIN; 1 (VIV1965) CNIN; 1 (X/1974) CNIN; 1 (X11/1974) CNIN; 1 (11/1975) CNIN; 2 (11/1976) CNIN; 1 (111/1976) CNIN; 1 (X11/1976) CNIN; 1 (1/1977) CNIN; 4 É (1X/1983) MZFC; 1 $ (VII/1984) MZFC. Yautepce: 1 7 (VIN/1968) MZI $ (VII/1973) MZFEC; 1 4 (VI/1975) MZFC. NAYARIT: COMPOSTELA: Compostela: 1 (VII1/1932) AMNIL EL NAYAR: Jesús María, Coamil-Cora: 1 4 (VII/1977) MZFC. HUAJICORI: Zapata: 1 (VII/9999) AME. SANTA MARÍA DEL ORO: Laguna Santa María del Oro: ' (1X/1996) MZFC. OAXACA: ASUNCIÓN IXTALTEPEC: Ixtaltepec Almoloyas-El Venado: 8 (VIM/2005) MZFC. ASUNCIÓN NOCHIXTLAN: 10 km N caseta Huitzo: 1 (V/2006) MZFC. 10-12 km N caseta Huitzo: 1 (V/2006) MZFC. HERÓICA CIUDAD DE EJUTLA DE CRESPO: 3-13 mi N de Sol de Vega, camino a las Grutas de San Sebastián: 2 4 (VII/1991) MZFC. SAN JUAN BAUTISTA CUICATLÁN: +/- 2 km S Santiago Dominguillo, Camino Viejo, Arroyo arriba al manantial: 1 (1X/2006) MZFC. +/- 3 km E Tutepetongo: 6 (X/2006) MZFC. 1 km S de Santiago Dominguillo: $ (VII/2005) MZFC; 1 (XI1/2005) MZFC. 1-5 km S Santiago Dominguillo: 3 (X1/2005) MZIFC. 4 km S Santiago Dominguillo: 2 (X1/2005) MZIC. Camino a Tepeuxtla 3 km I: Tutepetongo: 4 (X/2006) MZIC. Camino viejo Cuicatlán-Quiotepec, Río Cacahuatal, El Puente: 4 (1X/2006) MZFC. Cuicatlán Concepción Pápalo: 2 (VII/2005) MZFC. Cuicatlán, Quiotepec: 2 (VII/2005) MZFC. Dominguillo camino Viejo Cañones del lado occidental: 2 (X/2006) MZIC. El Venado: 1 (VI/2005) MZIC. La Cañada, 2 mi S de Dominguillo: 1 2 and 1 Í (VIIV1991) MZFC. Nacaltepec cerca de San Juan Tonaltepec, cañón abajo del rancho El Paraíso: 1 (VII/2005) MZFC. Nacaltepec, El Moral: 1 (X/2006) MZFC. Río La Joya, abajo del Rancho “El Paraíso”: 1 (VII/2005) 262 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS E7 4. 28 MZFC; 1 (1X/2005) MZFC. SAN JUAN GUICHICOVI: Atzompa: 2 4 (V1V/1992) MZFC. SAN MIGUEL PERAS: Mitla: 1 (111/1948) CAS. SAN PEDRO Y SAN PABLO TEQUIXTEPEC: +/- 5 km S San Pedro y San Pablo Tequitepec, camino a Gua- dalupe Cuautepec: 2 (V1/2006) MZFC. SANTA MARÍA IXCATLÁN: Santa María Ixcatlán-San Pedro Nodón: 1 (VI/2005) MZFC. SANTA CATARINA LACHATAO: Putla-Tlaxiaco, cerca de Llano San Vicente: 1 4 (VI/1992) MZFC. SANTIAGO CHAZUMBA: Chazumba, Arroyo 2 km. Oeste Joluxtla: 5 (VII/2006) MZFC. SANTIAGO HUAUCLILLA: 2-3 km Este de Huauclilla: 1 (VII/2006) MZFC. SANTIAGO LAXOPA: carretera 175 +5 mi N de la Ciudad de Oaxaca: 1 $ (VV1987) MZFC; 6 3 (VIT/1987) MZFC; 2 Í (VI1/1988) MZFC; 10 $ (VIM/1988) MZFC; 2 3 (VII/1989) MZFC:; 1 ¿ (VIT/1990) MZFC; 2 (VU'1991) MZFC. SANTO DOMINGO TEHUANTEPEC: Tehuantepec: 1 (VII/1964) CMNH. TEOTITLÁN DEL VALLE: Oaxaca, ciudad: 1 (99/9999) USNM. TEPELMEME VILLA DE MORELOS: Tepelmeme Cañón, La Unión-Las Flores: 1 (1X/2006) MZFC. TOTONTEPEC VILLA DE MORELOS: Totontepee: 1 (V1/1945) MGCL-FLMNIL VILLA DE TAMAZU- LAPAM DEL PROGRESO: Huajuapan de León: 1 (1X/1937) AMNH. SINALOA: COSALÁ: Cosalá, 24 mi NW: 1 (V//1968) AMNH. SONORA: LA COLORADA: Carretera 16, 11.5 mi al E de Río Yaqui: 2 (VI/1984) CAS. SOYOPA: Pine Barrens: 1 (VIT/1990) MZFC. YECORA: Tepoca: 1 ? and 2 $ (1X/1987) MZFC. Lasaia maria anna Clench, 1972. CHIAPAS: COMITÁN DE DOMÍNGUEZ: Santa Rosa, Comitán: 1 (VIV/1969) MGCL- FLMNH. CHIAPA DE CORZO: Chorrcadero, el, 15 km S de Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 1 (VI1/9999) AME. El Chorrcadero: 1 (V11/1973) MGCL-FLMNH. HUITIUPÁN: Ocotal: 1 (VI/1956) MGCL-FLMNH. HUIXTÁN: Parque El Aguacatero km 20 Cintalpa- Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 4 Í (1X/1978) MZFC. OCOSINGO: Yaxoquintela: 1 (X/1978) CMNH. SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LAS CASAS: El Aguacero: 3 3 (1X/1989) MZFC. SOYALÓ: Bombaná: 1 (1X/1974) MGCI-FLMNIH; 1 (1X/9999) AME. HIDALGO: TAS- QUILLO: Puente Taxquillo: 2 (X/9999) AME; 2 (X1/9999) AME. Tasquillo: 4 (X1/1961) MGCL-FLMNH:; 4 (X/1962) MGCL- FLMNH; 1 ¿ (VII/1988) MZFC. NUEVO LEÓN: GALEANA: Linares, 20 mi W: 1 (X1/1946) CAS. OAXACA: TOTONTE- PEC VILLA DE MORELOS: Totontepec: 1 (V1/9999) AME. PUEBLA: JOPALA: Patla, Barranca de: 1 Y (VH/1978) CNIN. SAN JUAN BAUTISTA VALLE NACIONAL: Tehuacán-Oaxaca, Carretera, km 147: 1 $ (X1/1988) MZFC. ZIHUATEUTLA: Tequezquitla: 1 4 (VII/1977) CNIN. QUERÉTARO: JALPAN: Jalpan de Serra: 1 (1X/1982) USNM. PEÑAMILLER: Peña Blanca: 2 2 and 1 Í (VIIV1988) MZFC. SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: RÍO VERDE: Cárdenas-Ciudad del Maíz: 1 Í (X/1989) MZFC. Río Verde: 1 2 (1X/1974) CNIN. SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: San Luis Potosí: 1 (99/9999) USNM. TAMAULIPAS: CIU- DAD VICTORIA: Ciudad Victoria: 1 (V1/1941) AMNI; 3 (V1/1941) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (VI/9999) AMNIL. Río San Marcos: 1 Ú (X1/1986) MZFC; 2 Í (VV/1987) MZFC; 2 Í (V1/1992) MZFC. VERACRUZ: AMATLÁN DE LOS REYES: Guerrero: 1 (VI/1911) AMNIL 1 (99/9999) USNM. CATEMACO: Catemaco: 1 (1X/1954) MGCL-FLMNH; 1 (VII/1965) MGCLI- FLMNIHT; 2 (1X/9999) AME. Dos Amates, Catemaco: 1 4 (99/9999) MZFC. IXHUATLÁN DEL CAFÉ: Presidio: 1 (V1/1944) MGCL-FLMNH,; 3 (1X/1955) MGCL-FLMNH. Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 2 (VI/9999) AME; 2 (1X/9999) AME. XALAPA: Xalapa: 2 (99/9999) AMNH. APPENDIX II Localities georeferenced with records of Lasaia in Mexico STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude AGUASCALIENTES AGUASCALIENTES Carretera 45, Aguascalientes- 21.7730556 -102.2775 León km 116 COLIMA CIUDAD DE VILLA Agua Dulce 19.2666667 -103.883056 DE ALVAREZ COLIMA COLIMA Ciudad de Colima 19.2305556 -103.694444 COLIMA COLIMA Colima 19.2436111 -103.730833 COLIMA COLIMA Tepames, 0.9 mi S 19.0947222 -103.621667 COLIMA COMALA Comala 19.3155556 -103.725 COLIMA IXILAHUACÁN “Tamala 19.0066667 -103.725278 COLIMA MINATITLÁN Platanarillo 19.4005556 -103.972222 COLIMA TECOMÁN La Salada 19.0511111 -103.756944 CHIAPAS COMITÁN DE Santa Rosa, Comitán 16.4672222 -92.2255556 DOMÍNGUEZ ...Continued on next page GEOGRAPIMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZASATA IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 263 29 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude CHIAPAS CHIAPA DE CORZO El Chorreadero 16.7533333 -92.9730556 CHIAPAS ESCUINTLA Escuintla 15.3055556 -92.6322222 CHIAPAS FRONTERA Ciudad Cuauhtémoc 15.6372222 -92.0033333 COMALAPA CHIAPAS HUIXTÁN Parque El Aguacatero km 20 16.6966667 -92.4422222 Cintalpa-Tuxtla Gutiérrez CHIAPAS LA INDEPENDENCIA — San Antonio Buenavista (Santa 16.1455556 -91.6255556 Rosa), Independencia CHIAPAS LA TRINITARIA Montebello 16.1119444 -91.64 CHIAPAS MOTOZINTLA Musté, San Jerónimo 15.245 -92.3922222 CHIAPAS OCOSINGO Camino a Toniná 16.9066667 -91.9563889 CHIAPAS OCOSINGO Ejido La Gloria, Río Lacantún 16.1491667 -90.8619444 CHIAPAS OCOSINGO San Quintín 16.4055556 -90.6541667 CHIAPAS OCOZOCOAUTLADE Bethel-Lacanjá, el 16.9319444 -91.1716667 ESPINOSA CHIAPAS OXCHUC Oxchuc 16.7861111 -92.3433333 CHIAPAS OXCHUC Oxchuc, Rancho San Ramón 16.7586111 92.325 CHIAPAS SAN CRISTÓBALDE — El Aguacero 16.7547222 -92.4766667 LAS CASAS CHIAPAS SAN CRISTÓBAL DE — San Juan Chamula 16.785 -91.3113889 LAS CASAS CHIAPAS TAPACHULA Tapachula 14.8705556 -92.2533333 CHIAPAS TUXTLA GUTIÉRREZ - Tuxtla Gutiérrez 16.7255556 -93.1119444 CHIAPAS TUZANTAN Río Huixtla, 7 mi N Huixtla 15.1830556 -92.4319444 ...Continued on next page 264 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ET AL. 30 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude CHIAPAS UNIÓN JUÁREZ Talquián, [quián 15.1327778 E mi E B a o [97 se SS a a CHIAPAS VILLA San Felipe 15.3 -92.5997222 COMALTITLÁN ESTADO DE MALINALCO Malinalco 18.9119444 -99. 4755556 MEXICO GUANAJUATO OCAMPO Presa La Luz, Cieneguillas 21.7366667 -101.543056 GUERRERO ATOYAC DE Nueva Delhi, Atoyac de Álvarez 17.4016667 -100.185833 ÁLVAREZ GUERRERO ATOYAC DE Puente de los Lugardo, Atoyac 17.325 -100.245 ÁLVAREZ de Álvarez GUERRERO BUENAVISTA Las Vías 18.4494444 -99.4434444 GUERRERO CUALÁC Mexcala 17.7702778 -98.6702778 GUERRERO CHILPANCINGO DE Agua de Obispo 17.3169444 -99.48 LOS BRAVO GUERRERO CHILPANCINGO DE Omiltemi, Potrerillo 17.5625 -99.6747222 LOS BRAVO GUERRERO CHILPANCINGO DE Rancho Omiltemi 17.5416667 -99.6916667 LOS BRAVO GUERRERO HUITZUCO Agua Salada 18.4672778 -99.1514722 GUERRERO TXCATEOPAN DE 2 Kmal E de Ixcatcopan de 17.6180556 -98.5130556 CUAUMNTÉMOC Cuauhtémoc GUERRERO TXCATEOPAN DE Ojo de Agua, Ixcateopan de 18.4116667 -99.7905556 CUAUHTÉMOC Cuauhtémoc GUERRERO PILCAYA Piedras Negras 18.7139722 -99.6340833 ...Continued on next page GEOGRAPTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF 749474 IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press - 265 31 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude GUERRERO TAXCO DE La Cascada, Km 8, Taxco- 18.5308333 -99.635 ALARCÓN Ixcateopan GUERRERO TETIPAC Arroyo Las Damas 18.5869444 -99.6061111 GUERRERO TETIPAC Chontalcoatlán 18.6511667 -99.5658333 HIDALGO MOLANGO DE Molango, 10 km N 20.89 -98.6963889 ESCAMILLA HIDALGO TASQUILLO Tasquillo 20.5511111 -99.3122222 JALISCO AUTLÁN DE Ahuacatlán 19.6483333 -104.312222 NAVARRO JALISCO CASIMIRO La Calera 19.6752778 -104.434444 CASTILLO JALISCO ENCARNACIÓN DE Encarnación de Díaz, 10 km S 21.4341667 -101.763056 JALISCO LA HUERTA Estación de Biología, UNAM, 19.51 -105.06 Chamcla JALISCO PUERTO VALLARTA — Puerto Vallarta 20.6158333 -105.185 JALISCO TUXCACUESCO Zenzontla 19.6322222 -104.077222 MICHOACÁN APATZINGÁN Carretera Coalcomán-La Nieve, — 18.7727778 -102.905556 km4 MICHOACÁN APATZINGÁN Chiquihuitillo 19.0066667 -102.335 MICHOACÁN AQUILA Río Aquila 18.575 -103.485 MICHOACÁN ARTEAGA El Higueral 18.3786111 -102.371111 MICHOACÁN ARTEAGA Los Habillos 18.3891667 -102.163333 ...Continued on next page 266 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ETAL. 32 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude MICHOACÁN ARTEAGA Rancho “El Zorrillo”, Cañada 18.2822222 -102.276389 Húmeda MICHOACÁN CARÁCUARO Sifón Atuto 19.0755556 -101.934167 MICHOACÁN COAHUAYANA Zapotán 18.6786111 -103.573333 MICHOACÁN GABRIEL ZAMORA Barranca Sifón, Atuto 19.2175 -101.956667 MICHOACÁN GABRIEL ZAMORA Las Pintadas 19.2877778 -101.969722 MICHOACÁN JUNGAPEO San José Purúa 19.4722222 -100.476389 MICHOACÁN LÁZARO CÁRDENAS - Baden de Neixpa 18.0933333 -102.756944 MICHOACÁN PARÁCUARO El Marqués Mújica 19.085 -102.069444 MICHOACÁN PURUANDIRO Ucácuaro 20.1530556 -101.759167 MICHOACÁN TEPALCATEPEC Barranca de Cobano 19.16 -102.013056 MICHOACÁN TURICATO Cerro de la Cruz 19.4330556 -102.041667 MICHOACÁN URUAPAN Sabino, el, cerca Uruapan 19.2786111 -101.932778 MICHOACÁN ZIRACUARETIRO Ziracuaretiro 19.85 -100.816389 MORELOS AYALA Rancho El Polvorín, Villa de 18.7663889 -98.9663889 Ayala MORELOS CUERNAVACA Cuernavaca 18.8991667 -99.2213889 MORELOS MORELOS Yautepec 18.8494444 -99.0597222 MORELOS TEPALCINGO El Limón de Cuauchichinola 18.5308333 -98.9375 MORELOS TETECALA Totecala 18.6843472 -99.4255972 MORELOS TLAQUILTENANGO Paraje Rancho Viejo 18.4230556 -99.0116667 MORELOS TLAQUILTENANGO Valle de Vázquez 18.5225556 -99.0410556 MORELOS XOCHITEPEC Amador Salazar 18.7072222 -99.2483333 ...Continued on next page GEOGRAPTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF 749474 IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press - 267 33 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude MORELOS YAUTEPEC Yautepec 18.8494444 -99.0597222 NAYARIT COMPOSTELA Compostela 21.2272222 -104.863889 NAYARIT ELNAYAR Jesús María, Coamil-Cora 22.2697222 -104.536667 NAYARIT LA YESCA Arroyo del Refilón, Tepic 2LS -104.9 NAYARIT TEPIC Jumatán 21.6180556 -105.031111 NAYARIT “TEPIC Yerba, la, Tepetilte 21.5111111 -105.059722 NUEVO LEÓN GALEANA Linares, 20 mi W 24.7130556 -99.7875 OAXACA ASUNCIÓN 10 km N cascta Huitzo 17.2763889 -96.8825 NOCHIXTLÁN OAXACA CANDELARIA Candelaria Loxicha 15.8883333 -96.4722222 LOXICHA OAXACA CANDELARIA El Azulillo 15.8911111 -96.4977778 LOXICHA OAXACA HEROICA CIUDAD 3-13 mi N de Sol de Vega, 16.6352778 -96.9958333 DE EJUTLA DE camino a las Grutas de San CRESPO Sebastián OAXACA MATÍAS ROMERO Istmo 15.9916667 -95.9108333 OAXACA MATÍAS ROMERO Matías Romero 16.8419444 -95.0386111 OAXACA PLUMA HIDALGO Finca Aurora-San Isidro 15.9416667 -96.4036111 OAXACA PLUMA HIDALGO Magdalena, El Lirio 15.9194444 -96.3925 OAXACA PLUMA HIDALGO Pluma Hidalgo (3 km W) 15.9397222 -96.4330556 ...Continued on next page 268 - Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ETAL. 34 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude OAXACA SAN BLAS ATEMPA — Mixtequilla 16.3491667 -95.2361111 OAXACA SAN JOSÉ Naranjal Chiltepec 17.8522222 -96.1197222 CHILTEPEC OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA +/- 2 km S Santiago 17.6166667 -96.9333333 CUICATLÁN Dominguillo, Camino Viejo, Arroyo arriba al manantial OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA 1 km S de Santiago Dominguillo— 17.6333333 -96.9166667 CUICATLÁN OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA 4km S Santiago Dominguillo 17.6166667 -96.9166667 CUICATLÁN OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA Camino viejo Cuicatlán- 17.8666667 -96.9833333 CUICATLÁN Quiotepec, Río Cacahuatal, El Puente OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA Cuicatlán, Quiotepec 17.9 -96.9833333 CUICAILÁN > e] OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA El Venado 17.5833333 CUICAILÁN OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA Nacaltepcc cerca de San Juan 17.5666667 -96.95 CUICAILÁN Tonaltepec, cañón abajo del rancho El Paraíso OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA Río La Joya, abajo del Rancho 17.5666667 96.95 CUICATLÁN “El Paraiso” OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA Rancho Ojoche, Valle Nacional 17.8125 -96.2883333 VALLE NACIONAL ...Continued on next page GEOGRAPFICAL DISTRIBUTION OF 749474 IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press - 269 35 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude OAXACA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA Valle Nacional 17.7519444 -96.2877778 VALLE NACIONAL OAXACA SAN MIGUEL PERAS — Mitla 16.9158333 -96.3327778 OAXACA SAN PEDRO Zipolite 16.4030556 -94.4880556 POCHUTLA OAXACA SANTA CATARINA Putla-Tlaxiaco, cerca de Llano 17.1883333 -96.1416667 LACHATAO San Vicente OAXACA SANTA MARÍA Parque Nacional Huatulco 15.7552778 96.155 HUATULCO OAXACA SANTA MARÍA Rancho Hagia Sofía 15.8669444 -96.3652778 HUATULCO SANTA MARÍA Santa María Ixcatlán-San Pedro 17.8166667 -97.15 IXCATLÁN Nodón OAXACA SANTA MARÍA Santa Maria Jacatepec 17.8269444 -96.2022222 JACATEPEC OAXACA SANTIAGO Puerto Eligio 17.7036111 -96.3055556 COMALTEPEC OAXACA SANTIAGO Soyolapan El Bajo 17.695 -96.2730556 COMALTEPEC OAXACA SANTIAGO Chazumba, Arroyo 2 km. Oeste 18.1558333 -97.7483333 CHAZUMBA Joluxtla OAXACA SANTIAGO LAXOPA carretera 175+5 mi N de la 17.1680556 -96.2891667 Ciudad de Oaxaca ...Continued on next page 270 + Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ETAL. 36 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude OAXACA SANTIAGO YAVEO Cerro Armadillo 17.41 -95.6827778 OAXACA SANTO DOMINGO Zanatepec 16.4788889 -94.3508333 ZANATEPEC OAXACA TEPELMEME VILLA — Tepelmeme Cañón, La Unión- 17.95 -97.3666667 DE MORELOS Las Flores OAXACA VILLA DE Huajuapan de León 17.7727778 -97.7441667 TAMAZULAPAM DEL PROGRESO PUEBLA FRANCISCO Z. MENA La Ceiba 20.3741667 -97.8425 PUEBLA JOPALA Patla, Barranca de 20.2252778 -97.8519444 PUEBLA ZIHUATEUTLA Tequezquitla 20.25 -97.8830556 QUERÉTARO PEÑAMILLER Peña Blanca 21.1 -99.7630556 QUINTANA ROO FELIPE CARRILLO NA 19.8758333 -88.0138889 PUERTO QUINTANA ROO FELIPE CARRILLO Ejido X-maben; Rancho Lan- 19.8747222 -88.0019444 PUERTO kiwiik QUINTANA ROO FELIPE CARRILLO Ejido X-maben; San Antonio 19.8594444 -88.0019444 PUERTO Segundo SAN LUIS POTOSÍ ALAQUINES Bañito, el, Valles 22.0283333 -99.0255556 SANLUIS POTOSÍ CIUDAD VALLES Ciudad Valles 21.9430556 -99.01 ...Continued on next page GEOGRAPFICAL DISTRIBUTION OF 749474 IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 271 37 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude SAN LUIS POTOSÍ CIUDAD VALLES Hotel Covadonga, carrctera 85, 22.1866667 -99.0627778 Ciudad Valles SAN LUIS POTOSÍ RÍO VERDE Cárdenas-Ciudad del Maíz 22.3830556 -99.5997222 SAN LUIS POTOSÍ SAN LUIS POTOSÍ San Luis Potosí 22.1508333 -99.0238889 SAN LUIS POTOSÍ TAMAZUNCHALE Palitla 21.2719444 -98.7519444 SAN LUIS POTOSÍ TAMAZUNCHALE Sol, cl, Tamazunchale 21.2830556 -98.7997222 SAN LUIS POTOSÍ TAMAZUNCHALE Tamazunchale 21.2575 -98.7619444 SAN LUIS POTOSÍ TANQUIÁN DE Arroyo Calabazas 21.6019444 -98.895 ESCOBEDO SINALOA COSALA Cosala, 24 mi NW 24.4366667 -106.635 SINALOA MAZATLÁN 6 mi al N de Mazatlán 23.2894444 -106.393333 SINALOA MAZATLAN Venadito, Cerca de Presidio 23.2752778 -106.395556 SONORA SOYOPA Pine Barrens 28.8266667 -109.359444 TABASCO HUIMANGUILLO Venta, la 18.1041667 -94.0352778 TABASCO TACOTALPA Coconá, Cerro del 17.5597222 -92.8797222 TAMAULIPAS ANTIGUO MORELOS — Arroyo del Loco 22.64 -99.2077778 TAMAULIPAS CIUDAD VICTORIA Río San Marcos 23.7530556 -98.9097222 TAMAULIPAS JIMÉNEZ San Francisco 24.1905556 -98.64 TAMAULIPAS VICTORIA Cañón del Novillo, 3 km al S de 23.6752778 -99.1688889 Ciudad Victoria VERACRUZ ACAYUCAN Acayucan 17.9055556 -94.8669444 VERACRUZ AMAILÁN DE LOS Guerrero 18.8355556 -96.8252778 VERACRUZ CATEMACO Calemaco 18.4191667 -95.0997222 ...Continued on next page 272 + Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ETAL. 38 APPENDIX Il (Continued) STATE MUNICIPALITY LOCALITY Latitude Longitude VERACRUZ CATEMACO Dos Amates, Catemaco 18.4722222 -95.0563889 VERACRUZ CATEMACO Región de Catemaco 18.3755556 -94.9861111 VERACRUZ COATZACOALCOS Coatzacoalcos, 2 mi SE 18.1055556 -94.39 VERACRUZ CUITLÁHUAC Río Seco, Peñuelos 18.9163889 -96.9330556 VERACRUZ IXIUAILÁN DEL Presidio 19.0694444 969711111 CAFE VERACRUZ LAS CHOAPAS Ojo de Agua, Camino a 17.5319444 -94.7866667 VERACRUZ MISANTLA Misantla 19.8883333 -96.8175 VERACRUZ RÍO BLANCO Río Blanco 18.8033333 -97.1327778 VERACRUZ SANTIAGO TUXTLA Cerro Blanco 17.2266667 -94.1430556 VERACRUZ SANTIAGO TUXTLA — Tapalapan 18.5119444 -95.2894444 VERACRUZ SOTEAPAN San Pedro de Soteapan, Ver. 18.235 -94.8369444 VERACRUZ TEHUIPANGO Xico 18.4994444 -97.0480556 VERACRUZ XICO Cascada Texolo, Xico 19.4033333 -97.0638889 VERACRUZ ZONGOLICA Motzorongo 18.6444444 -96.7316667 YUCATÁN CHEMAX X-Cán 20.8663889 877 GEOGRAPFICAL DISTRIBUTION OF 749474 IN MEXICO Zootaxa 4656 (2) O 2019 Magnolia Press + 273 39 40 Capítulo 2 Arellano-Covarrubias, A., Luis-Martínez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2023). Description of the females of two species of the genus Lasaia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) and new records for Mexico. Zootaxa, 5231(1): 024-036. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.2 EZ Zootaxa 5231 (1): 024-036 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) Itps/Avwnmapres.comva/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright O 2023 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.2 http://zoobank.org/um:1sid:zoobank.org:pub:0A3DFE0S-1829-4C61-88B7-EC928FIDFB98 Description of the females of two species of the genus Lasaia (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) and new records for Mexico ARTURO ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS'”, ARMANDO LUIS-MARTÍNEZ'” 8: JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS'* lMuseo de Zoología (Entomología), Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México. “Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México 3 = alm(Aciencias.unam.n https: //orcid. org/0000-0002-1044-3986 += enantia(Qprodigy.net.mx; O https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-2358 *Corresponding author: '= arellano.covarrubias(Qgmail.com; % https://orcid.org/0000-0001-95135-5782 Abstract Females of two species of the genus Lasaia Bates, 1868, L. arsis Staudinger, [1887] and L. pseudomeris Clench, 1972 are described from specimens deposited in entomological collections. The identity of these species had been uncertain due to scarcity of data, causing misidentifications and confusion in pairing males and females of the same species. Distribution maps for both species, as well as new records of [.. arsis for Mexico are provided. Key words: Papilionoidea, biodiversity, taxonomy, Neotropical region Introduction During the last few years, the family Riodinidae (Papilionoidea) has been subject to several studies in different fields such as: ecology (Callaghan 2003; Arellano-Covarrubias ef al. 2018), systematics (Seraphim el al. 2018) and taxonomy (Hall 1999, 2005; Callaghan et al. 2007, 2011; Constantino ef al. 2012; Trujano-Ortega ef al. 2018). This has resulted in the description of new taxa at different evolutionary levels. Most species of Riodinidac have reduced abundances, spatially and temporally; making them difficult to collect or observe in the field, therefore, there are few specimens in most collections (Hall 2004). In some cases, the males are only known (Callaghan el al. 2007; Hall « Willmott 2010), because the sites that frequented by females are different from those frequented by males. Some females of Riodinidae prefer small flowers of the genus Acmella (Rich. Ex Pers. Asteraceae), Sinclairia (Hook. 8: Arnott. Asteraceae), and Terminalia (L. Combretaceae) (Arellano- Covarrubias el al. 2018); besides, some species have only been reported in the forest canopy (Hall $: Willmott 2010). The Neotropical genus Lasaia Bates, 1868 belongs to the subfamily Riodininae; the members of this genus are butterflies small to medium size. Bates (1868) mentioned that Lasaia had large palps projected towards the front and “hairy” eyes, however, these characters are not exclusive of the genus; some taxa have metallic colorations, particularly males. The genus comprises 14 taxa (Seraphim 2019), however, the females of some species are not known or unequivocally paired with the male of their respective species, be due to the lack of specimens or confusion between the species as females of different species of Lasaia are superficially similar to each other. In the 19* century, Staudinger (1888) mentioned female specimens of L. meris and L. arsis (“L. narses”): “The very rare Y of meris and narses [sic] are smoky gray on the upper side with black transverse markings and an extremely slight greenish color; on the underside they are lighter; and meris Y are also far more mixed with white than narses [sic] 7”. Therefore, this insufficient description and the lack of illustrations of the female of 1. arsis, resulted in subsequent incorrect identification by other authors. 24 Accepted by C. Prieto: 4 Jan. 2023; published: 26 Jan. 2023 41 Clench (1972) carried out the first revision of the genus, based primarily on external morphological characters and male genitalia. However, he did not have female specimens to every species for examination, so the female of some species remained unknown. Also, the scarcity of specimens, and the sympatric distribution of many species, confused the correct pairing of males and females of the same species. Staudinger (1888) described £. arsis based on three males syntypes from the “Amazonas; Clench (1972), however, designated a lectotype and paralectotypes from Staudinger”s syntypes, from the “Manicoré” [Manicore, Amazonas, Brazil] and “Yurimaguas” [Yurimaguas, Alto Amazonas, Loreto, Peru] sites, in Brazil and Peru, respectively. These specimens are deposited at the Museum fir Natiirkunde des Humboldt-Universitát, Berlin. However, the female of this species remains unknown. Similarly, L. pseudomeris described from four males from Bolivia by Clench (1972), and the female of this enigmatic and scarce species remains unknown. During a visit to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, Washington DC, USA, and the American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA, by the first author, specimens of the genus Lasaía were examined and some females were found to be erroneously identified. Two of them are described here for the first time. Materials and methods Specimens of Lasaia arsis and L. pseudomeris deposited at the American Museum of Natural History, New York, EUA (AMNH); National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, Washington, DC, USA (USNMENT), and Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (CNIN), were examined. Due to the limited numbers of female specimens available (5), a minimum number (2) were used to analyze the structures. Additionally, photographs of specimens from the following private collections were consulted: Curtis Callaghan (CC), Christián Brevignon (CB). The abdomens of the specimens were separated with sterile tweezers, and put in a hot solution (+70-80%C) of KOH of 10% for 10 minutes approximately, for digesting soft abdominal tissues to observe male and female structures. Female abdomens were stained in Chlorazol Black E 1% for 30 seconds, in order to identify soft genital parts. Terminology for wing venation and areas followed Comstock $: Needham (1918) and DeVries (1997). In the cases of genitalia, we followed Hall (1999, 2005). The identity and association of the females of L. arsis and L. pseudomeris with the males, were based on their wing patterns of maculation, size, and their distribution. In addition, the original descriptions of the females of Lasaia species that had been described were reviewed and none corresponded to the females described below. To obtain the distribution maps of each species, the specimens or photographs were examined (male and female), and a database was made with all the curatorial information y. gr: sex, date, locality; from different institutional collections: American Museum of Natural History, New York, EUA (AMNH), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, EUA (USNMENT), Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (IB-UNAM); private collections: Christian Brévignon, Curtis Callaghan; and public webpages: Naturalista (https://www.naturalista.mx/), and Butterflies of America (Warren et al. 2017). Google Earth was used to obtain some coordinates, and distribution maps were made with Qgis 3.4.5 (QGIS 2020). The specimens with doubtful or ambiguous localities were not used in the map. All this information is synthesized in Appendix l and Il. Results Lasaia arsis Staudinger [1887] (Figures 1A, 1B,2A, 3A) Description 2. n=1; FW= 15.46 mm (Fig. 1B). Head. Brown hairy eyes, with white scales at the palps; ocular ring with white-brown scales; frons with white and brown scales. Antennae. Black with rounded white scales. Abdomen and thorax. Brown scales in the dorsal view and white in ventral view. Legs. White scales over all the legs. Forewing (dorsal view). Background coloration brown with white and black spots. Marginal region with black spots between R,-1A+2A; the ones between R,-M, and CuA,-1A+2A wider. Postmedial region have spots of different sizes, the ones that are near of apex, between veins R,-M,, are wider and have trapezoidal shape; those between M,-1A+2A DESCRIPTION OF TWO FEMALES OF ZASA74 BATES Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press + 25 42 A € FIGURE 1. Males and females of Lasaia arsis (A and B), and L. pseudomeris (C and D) in dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars correspond to 1 cm. 26 -* Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ET AL 43 are thinner and have a zigzag shape. Medial, submedial and post-basal regions, have the typical spots of the genus. Hindwing (dorsal view). Background coloration brown with white and black spots. Marginal region with irregular spots between apex to tornus. Spots between veins Sc+R,-M, of the postmedial region, have a trapezoidal shape and are wider compared to the other spots of this region. Spots between veins Sc+R,-CuA, of the medial region, are enlarged compared to the rest of spots in that area. Submedial and post-basal area have lineal spots. Genitalia. Corpus bursae thick, globe-shaped, without signa; ductus bursae membranous, wide near of corpus bursae, and thin in the region near the ostium bursae, approximately 1.5 times longer than the corpus bursae; in ventral view it is in the middle part of the sternite 8; sternites 6, 7 and 8 are sclerotized (Fig. 2A). Material examined. Brazil: 1 ? (USNMENT 01588358). Rondónia: 62 Km S Ariquemes, 165 m. Faz. Rancho Grande. Ron Leuschner leg.; -10.5333, -62.8000; 18-29 Sept. 1996. Diagnosis. Females of L. arsis can be distinguished from females of other species of Lasaia by the general whitish coloration on the wings underside, also, it is larger than other known females. On the hind wings, the spots near at the apex, are larger and wider (Fig. 3A), when compared to other species of the genus y. gr: L. agesilas callaina and L. sula sula (Figs. 3C and 3D, respectively) Distribution. Based on label data of examined specimens, this taxon is distributed in Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, French Guiana, Brazil, Argentina (mainly on the Pacific slope), Paraguay and Venezuela (Fig. 4). The elevations range from sea level to 1400 m s.a.l., approximately. FIGURE 2. Female genitalia of Lasaia arsis (A), and L. pseudomeris (B), in ventral view. Ob: ostium bursae; db: ductus bursae, and cb: corpus bursae. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. Lasaia pseudomeris Clench, 1972 (Figures 1C, 1D, 2B, 3B) Description Y. n=4; forewing= 12.77-14.09mm (Y= 13.19 mm; Fig. 1B). Head. Brown hairy eyes, with white scales at the palps; ocular ring with white-brown scales; frons with white and grey scales. Antennae. Black with rounded white scales. Abdomen. Black with blue/green metallic scales in the dorsal view, and whitish/cream scales DESCRIPTION OF TWO FEMALES OF 745474 BATES Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press + 27 44 6 Y [a NIN LE (México) ] : ; , MUSEO BEZOOLOGIA] MUSEO DE ZOOL GIA LEPIDOPTERA EU LEPIDOPTERA FIGURE 3. Females of Lasaia arsis (A), L. pseudomeris (B), L. agesilas callaina (C), and L. sula sula (D), in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view. Scale bars correspond to 1 cm. 28 + Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ET AL 45 in ventral view. Thorax. Grey scales in the dorsal view, and white-blue scales at ventral view. Legs. White scales over all the legs. Forewing (dorsal view). Background color brown with white scales, and black spots. Marginal region with black circular spots between R¿-1A+2A veins; those who are located between R¿-CuA, are bigger than the spots near of tornus. The rest of the wing, has the typical spots of the genus. Forewing (ventral view). Background color white/cream, except of the medial region that is more opaque, almost brown. The rest of maculation is similar to the dorsal view, both in shape and position. Aindwing (dorsal view). Background color brown, with the exception of above the sector R, where they are cream/beige coloration, with the presence of black spots. Marginal region with irregular spots, approximately of the same size, the spots below of veins 1A+2A, are smaller. Postmedial region exhibits a series of trapezoidal macules between veins Sc+R,-M,, these can become fused with the macules of the veins Rs-M,, of the medial region. The rest of the wing, has the typical spots of the genus. Hindwing (dorsal view). Background coloration white/cream, with the exception of the medial region that is more opaque, almost brown. Postmedial region, below veins 1A+2A veins, have a trapezoidal macule more prominent. The rest of macules are similar to the dorsal view, both in shape and position.| Genitalia. Corpus bursae thick, “pear” shaped, without signa; ductus bursae widened in the region near of corpus bursae, and thinner in the region proximal of ostium bursae, approximately the same length as the corpus bursae, in ventral view, it is located in the middle part of the sternite 8; sternites 6, 7 and 8 are sclerotized (Fig. 2B). Material Examined. French Guiana: 2 Y. (USNMENT 01588228) Sinnamary. 13-I-91. Jean-Yves Gallard coll. Donated to USNM by Jean-Yves Gallard, November, 1993. (USNMENT 01544146) Point Malmanoury. 20- 1-1991. J.-Y. Gallard coll. DNA Sample ID: NVG-19027B10 C7O Nick V. Grishin. Colombia: 1 Y (USNMENT 01588219). Montañita, Caquetá, 350 m, 26-Jan-1971. S. S. 8: S. Nicolay coll. Lasaia narses Y, Det. By S. S. Nicolay. Trinidad: 1 2 (USNMENT 01588227). Trinidad Ísl. Diagnosis. Females of Z. pseudomeris can be distinguished from females of other species of Lasaia, by the presence of circular spots of uniform size at the marginal area, of the forewings and hindwings (Fig. 3B). Additionally, in the postmedial arca of the hindwing, the spots near the apex can become fused (Fig. 3B), unlike other species of the genus (Figs. 3A, 3C and 3D). The female of this species is similar in size of Lasaia sula sspp. Distribution. Based on label data of examined specimens, L. pseudomeris is distributed in Costa Rica, Bolivia, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil, Guiana and French Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, and Trinidad (Fig. 4). The elevation ranges from sea level to 950 m s.a.l., approximately. a 0 a e o e a 3 mo le HL 8] [8 dd + gl E. s .3 E + + + $ + 538 A New records of Lasaia arsis O Lasaia arsis e Lasaia pseudomeris E + E + + + MN 0 750 1500 km Luco 200 0000 00 2500 a Liso o 1500 FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Lasaia arsis and L. pseudomeris. DESCRIPTION OF TWO FEMALES OF ZASA74 BATES Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press + 29 46 Discussion D”Abrera (1994) mentioned that £. arsis is distributed from Amazonas to Paraguay; Clench (1972) reported this taxon from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; and lastly, Warren et al. (2017) reported it for Brazil. According to Morrone (2014), the sites that D' Abrera (1994), Clench (1972), and Warren et al. (2017) cited, belong to the subregion Brasileña (Mesoamerican domain) and Chacoense, of the Neotropical region. With the data obtained from this work, £. arsis is also found in the Mesoamerican domain (Mexico), and probably occurs in other countries of the Mesoamerican domain, but due to the lack of data, there are no records from these locations; also, incorrect species identification could be the reason why Z. arsis not listed in databases or collections, similar to the specimen deposited at the USNMENT, although it had the label “Z. arsis”, the specimen was wrongly cataloged (as L. agesilas agesilas) and remained unnoticed until now. The specimens deposited at the Instituto de Biología, UNAM were determined as L. meris ($) (Fig. 5B) (Arellano-Covarrubias et al. 2019), however, when comparing photographs of the lectotype and paratype (5A) of L. arsis deposited in the collection of the Museum fúr Naturkunde des Humboldt-Universitát, Berlin, the characters presented by the specimens identified as L. meris from the collection of TB-UNAM, are identical to Z. arsis; thus confirming that the specimens at the IB-UNAM were wrongly identified, and that the northern distribution of L. arsis, is to southern Mexico (Chiapas) (Fig. 4). Llorente-Bousquets et al. (2006), De la Maza 8: De la Maza (2015), and Warren et al. (2017), mentioned that L. meris is distributed in southern Mexico (Chiapas), however, this statement is incorrect, because that species was wrongly identified according to the photographs of the lectotype and paratype of £. arsis, also, the male genitalia of L. arsis is similar to that described by Clench (1972); so, it's possible that L. meris is endemic to the Guiana region, like Clench (1972) mentioned. In the absence of specimens of L. meris to confirm this assumption, the distribution of this taxon remains uncertain. According tots distribution in Mexico, £. arsis occurs in evergreen forests, with Chiapas being the northernmost limit of distribution. This is consistent with the distribution of many South American Riodinidae taxa, where their northern limit is the humid highlands of Chiapas and Guatemala (DeVries 1997; Arellano-Covarrubias ef al. 2018). The elevation preferences of £. arsis and L. pseudomeris, are similar to most of the species of the genus Lasaia that are distributed in Mexico (Arellano-Covarrubias el al. 2019) as well as different genera of Riodinidae (DeVries 1997; Hall 2004, 2009; Arellano-Covarrubias et al. 2018), so it would be easier to find more females specimens of these species within that elevation range, in sites with an abundance of small inflorescences, which are resources used by the most females of the genus. L. pseudomeris had been reported for Bolivia, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil (Clench 1972); from Costa Rica to Venezuela and Peru (Warren ef al. 2017), and Guyana (Naturalista 2022), so its distribution area is increased to Trinidad and French Guiana, so, it can probably be found in other regions of South America such as Suriname. Gallard (2017), in his most recent work (Les Riodinidae de GGuyane) does not report this taxon in French Guiana, perhaps because they are extremely local species, difficult to observe and collect (C. Brévignon comm. pers.) The northern limit of this taxa is Costa Rica according to Warren ef al. (2017). Tn particular, the species of the genus Lasaía, males and females, almost share the same patterns of maculation. These patterns were very effective to match the females of £. arsis and L. pseudomeris with their males. In the first case (L. arsis), the spots observed near at apex (hindwings) are very similar in both sexes (Figs. 1A and 1B); also, the spots in females are strongly marked, unlike other species of Lasaia. The females and males of L. pseudomeris, have similar rounded shaped spots in both wings, in the marginal area, also, the spots near at apex are almost fused in males and females (Figs. 1C and 1D). The size of those species also was relevant, in the case of £. arsis, the males are one of the biggest species of the genus, and also occurred with the female; and the males of L. pseudomeris are one of the smallest, and the females have the same pattern. Lastly, their distributional data of female specimens, accord with those recorded for males. In £. arsis, although in the labels of localities, the male (1) and female (1) appear with different names (“Brazil, Vic[cinity], Caucalandia” and “Brazil, 62 km S. Ariquemes Fazenda, Rancho Grande” respectively) the coordinates that are in the labels are the same (Appendix 11). And, in the case of L. pseudomeris, two males and one female were collected from the same locality (Sinammary, French Guiana) (Appendix ID). 30 - Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ET AL 47 [E] http://coll.mfn- http://coll.mfñ- E berlin.de/u/ E berlin.de/u/ 7: dbc6a2 dbc6a2 FIGURE 5. Photograph of the paratype of Lasaia arsis Í at the collection of Museum fir Naturkunde des Humboldt-Universitát, Berlin (5A); and a specimen of £. arsis (5B) at collection in the Instituto de Biología (Entomología), UNAM, Mexico. Scale bars correspond to 1 cm. The records of females are scarce, as well as those of Riodinidae butterflies. Thus, it is important to obtain and describe this fauna, not only the males, to avoid confusion or misidentifications, and to try to clarify their distribution and identities. Perhaps, more specimens of these species (L. arsis and L. pseudomeris) or others, are deposited in collections, but wrongly identified, so, it is important to continue producing systematic studies, to elucidate and clarify those identities, and to develop a better understanding of the different species. DESCRIPTION OF TWO FEMALES OF ZASA74 BATES Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press + 31 48 Acknowledgments The authors thank the curators who facilitated the access to the collections under their care: Robert K. Robbins, Brian Harris (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA); David A. Grimaldi, Suzanne Rab Green, Courtney Richenbacher (American Museum of National History, New York, USA); Alejandro Zaldívar Riverón, María Cristina Mayorga Martínez (Instituto de Biología, UNAM). Théo Léger (Museum fir Naturkunde des Humboldt-Universitát, Berlin), for the photographs of the lectotype and paratype of L. arsis. Christian Brévignon for help and access to the photographs on his collection. Curtis Callaghan for help to access his collection and for English language review. Marysol Trujano Ortega for help to improve the manuscript. Eva Mendoza Cruz for help with the colorants to improve the female genitalia photographs. ALM and JLB thanks the projects PAPIIT-IN220521, and CONACyT 284966 for financial support. Authors thank CONABIO, for their support to the Lepidoptera collection, granting resources for infrastructure, fieldwork, and data repatriation from specimens in USA collections. AAC thanks the Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and CONACyT (CVU 740078) for the grants to help with this study. This work is part of the Ph. D. research project of A. Arellano-Covarrubias. References Arellano-Covarrubias, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J. £ Luis-Martínez, A. (2018) Distribución y fenología de la familia Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en el bosque tropical subcaducifolio de Oaxaca, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 66 (2), 503-558. https://doi.org/10.15517/RBT.V6612.33378 Arellano-Covarrubias, A., Trujano-Ortega, M., Luis-Martínez, A., Luna-Reyes, M. £ Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2019) Geographical distribution of Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) across the biogeographical provinces of Mexico. Zootaxa, 4656 (2), 243-273. https://doi.org/10.11646/zo0taxa.4656.2.3 Bates, H.W. (1868) A catalogue of Erycinidae, a family of diurnal Lepidoptera. Journal of the Linnean Society, 9 (39), 373- 436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1868.tb01224.x Callaghan, C.J. (2003) The biology of Melanis lecuophlegma (Stichel, 1910) (Riodinidae) in western Peru. Journal of the Lepidopterists* Society, 57 (3), 193-196. Callaghan, C.J., Llorente-Bousquets, J. £ Luis-Martínez, A. (2007) Descriptions of four new Mexican riodinids (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 1660 (1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1660.1.2 Callaghan, C.J., Llorente-Bousquets, J. £ Luis-Martínez, A. (2011) A new Mexican Mesene (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zootaxa, 2896 (1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2896.1.6 Clench, H.K. (1972) A review of the genus Lasaia (Riodinidae). 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(2008) Trois especes et trois sous-especes nouvelles. Lambillionea, CVIL (4), 441-454. . (2017) Les Riodinidae de Guyane. European Union, Tezida, 191 pp. Hall, J.P.W. (1999) A revision of the genus Theope its systematics and biology (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Nymphidiini). Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida. Hall, J.P.W. (2004) Metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). /n: Capineira, J.L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Entomology. Vol. 2. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 1383-1386. Hall, J.P.W. (2005) A phylogenetic revision of the Napaeina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Mesosemiini). The Entomological Society of Washington, Washington, D.C., 236 pp. Hall, J.P.W. £ Willmott, K.R. (2010) Description of a new Lucillella species (Riodinidae: Symmachiini) discovered in the 32 - Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ET AL 49 eastern Andes of Ecuador using the single rope canopy access technique. Journal of the Lepidopterists” Society, 64 (3), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.v64i3.a2 Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martínez, A. dí Vargas-Fernández, 1. (2006) Apéndice general de Papilionoidea: Lista sistemática, distribución estatal y provincias biogeográficas. In: Morrone, J.J. € Llorente-Bousquets, J. (Eds.), Componentes bióticos principales de la entomofauna mexicana. Vol. 2. Las Prensas de Ciencias, UNAM, México, D.F... pp. 733-797. Morrone, J.J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalisation of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 3782 (1), 1-110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1 Naturalista (2022) Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Available from: http://www.naturalista. mx (accesed 15 june 2022) QGIS (2020) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: http://qgis. osgeo.org (accessed 9 January 2023) Seraphim, N. (2019) Riodinidae Species Checklist: a preliminary species checklist for the Riodinidae. Available from: https:// www2.ib.unicamp.br/labor/site/?page_id=805 (accessed 9 January 2023) Seraphim, N., Kaminski, L.A., Devries, P.J., Penz, C., Callaghan, C., Wahlberg, N., Silva-Brandáo, K.L. 4: Freitas, A.V.L. (2018) Molecular phylogeny and higher systematics of the metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Systematic Entomology, 43 (2), 407-425. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12282 Staudinger, O. (1888) Exotische Tagfalter in systematischer Reihenfolge mit Berúcksichtigung neuer Arten. /n: Staudinger, O.E.S. (Ed.), Exotische Schmetterlinge. G. Lówensohn, Firth, pp. 257. Trujano-Ortega, M., García-Vázquez, U.O., Callaghan, C.J., Ávalos-Hernández, O., Luis-Martínez, M.A. 82 Llorente-Bousquets, J.E. (2018) Two new genera of metalmark butterflies of North and Central America (Lepidoptera, Riodinidae). Zookeys, 729, 61-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zo0keys.729.20179 Warren, A.D., Davis, K.J., Stangeland, E.M., Pelham, J.P. 8: Grishin, N.V. (2017) Illustrated Lists of American Butterflies. Available from: http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com (accessed 9 January 2023) DESCRIPTION OF TWO FEMALES OF ZASA74 BATES Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press + 33 50 APPENDIX L. This appendix presents the curatorial records of Lasaia arsis and Lasaia pseudomeris. The information obtained issummarized as follows: country (bold, italic, and uppercase), state or province (bold and uppercase), municipality (upper case) and locality; followed by the number of specimens and sex. The date appears in parentheses (day, month, and year), in some cases the day, month or ycar was not available, so only “99” appears, and finally, the acronym of the collection or the source (webpage). Localities with an asterisk, only the country and the locality were available on the labels. In appendix TI, the geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the localities are presented alphabetically. 1. Lasaia arsis Stadudinger, [1887]: ARGENTINA: MISIONES: GENERAL MANUEL BELGRANO: Reserva Privada Yacutinga: 1 $ (4-X-2013) iNaturalista. Dionisio Cerqueira: 1 4 (31-1-2020) iNaturalista. IGUAZÚ: Iguazú: 1 4 (18- 1V-2017) ¡Naturalista. MISIONES: Parque Nacional Iguazú: 1 / (28-1X-2011) ¡Naturalista BRAZIL: RONDÓNIA: GOVERNADOR JORGE TEIXEIRA: Vic[cinity]. Caucalandia: 1 Í (26-99-1991) USNMENT. 62 km S. Ariquemes Fazenda, Rancho Grande: 1 Y (18/29-X-1996) USNMENT. MATO GROSSO: ALTA FLORESTA: Rio Sao Manuel: 1 4 (27-X-2004) iNaturalista. MATO GROSSO: NOVO MUNDO: Rio Cristalino: 1 Í (5-IX-2011) iNaturalista; 1 Í (13-VIII-2011) ¡Naturalista. *Chapada: 1 Í (99-99-9999) USNMENT. *Chapada, Nucoy: 1 Í (99-99-9999) USNMENT. COLOMBIA: CALDAS: VICTORIA: Victoria: 1 Í (10-99-1965) USNMENT. SANTANDER: CIMITARRA: Cimitarra: 1 Í (12-XT-2019) iNaturalista. *Felipe Ovalle Q.: 1 Í (99-99-9999) AMNH. *Río Cocorna, Amazonas: 1 Í (27-VII- 1946) AMNH. *Head R. Carare: 1 Í (99-99-1921) USNMENT. COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: PARAÍSO: Paraíso: 1 (27-X-2019) iNaturalista. ECUADOR: NAPO: NAPO: Puerto Napo: 1 $ (6/10-99-1988) USNMENT; Guagua Sumako: 1 Í (4-XIP-2019) iNaturalista. PASTAZA: PASTAZA: Sarayacu: 1 Í (19-99-1968) USNMENT:; Pastaza 1 S(28-X-2009) ¡Naturalista. FRENCH GUIANA: CAYENE: Sinnamary: 1 Í (3-1-1991) Private collection of Christian Brevignon. MEXICO: CHIAPAS: OCOSINGO: Bonampak: 1 4 (1-VII-1979) CNIN; 2 Í (99-1X-1964) CNIN. PANAMA: DARIEN: CHEPIGANA: Darien, Cerro Pirre: 1 Í (24-99-1981) USNMENT, 1 Í (31-99-1983) USNMENT. PINOGANA: Darien Cana: 1 Í (4-99-1981) USNMENT; 1 Ú (7-99-1981) USNMENT, 4 Í (19-99-1981) USNMENT; 1 Í (11-99-1983) USNMENT, 1 Í (10-99-1983) USNMENT; 1 Í (8-99-1983) USNMENT; 1 $ (7-99-1983) USNMENT; 1 Í (6-99- 1983) USNMENT:; 1 $ (2-99-1983) USNMENT. PERU: JUNÍN: CHANCHAMAYO: La Merced: 1 Í (99-VII-1930) USNMENT. LORETO: BALSAPUERTO: Balsapuerto-Paranaura, río: 1 Í (5-99-1933) USNMENT. MAZAN: Río Sucusari: 1 Í (23-99-1995) USNMENT. TORRES CAUSANA: Castaña: 2 Í (22-99-1993) USNMENT:; 1 Í (27-99-1993) USNMENT. MADRE DE DIOS: FITZCARRALD: Parque Nacional MANU: 1 Ú (3-99-1990) USNMENT; 1 Í (11-99- 1991) USNMENT: 1 $ (12-99-1990) USNMENT; 1 Í (13-99-1989) USNMENT; 1 Í (29-99-1990) USNMENT. SAN MARTÍN: MOYOBAMBA: Moyobamba: 1 4 (1957) USNMENT. CUZCO: Quitacalzon, Cosnipata Rd.: 1 4 (3-99-2011) USNMENT. *Northeastern Peru: 1 Í (99-99-9999) AMNH. *Tingo, María: 1 Í (99-VI-1947) AMNH. *San Ramón: 1 Í (7-99-1980) USNMENT. *Chanchamayo: 1 Í (14-99-1980) USNMENT. *AMERICA: América: 1 Í (99-99-9999) USNMENT. Lasaia pseudomeris Clench, 1972. BOLIVIA: EL BENI: RIBERALTA: Riberalta: 1 $ (19-1X-2019) ¡Naturalista. BRASIL: RONDÓNIA: GOVERNADOR JORGE TEIXEIRA: Vic[inity]. Caucalandia: 1 (10-99-1991) USNMENT. MATO GROSSO: DIAMANTINO: Alto Río Arinos: 1 4 (7-99-1991) USNMENT. ACRE: PORTO ACRE: Amazonas: 1 4 (20- 1V-2019) ¡Naturalista. TOCANTINS: PIUM: Pium: 14 (12-1V-2017) iNaturalista. MATO GROSSO: POCONÉ: Sout Wild Pantanal Lodge: 1 Í (1-IX-2019). AMAZONAS: MANAUS: Anavilhanas: 1 $ (31-VII1-2016) ¡Naturalista. *“Amazonas”: 14 (8-X-1945) AMNH. *Igarapu-Assn: 1 Í (99-99-9999) AMNH. *Chapada: 8 Í (99-99-9999) USNMENT. COLOMBIA: *Felipe Ovalle Q: 2Í (99-99-9999) AMNH. *Mitu E.: 13 (30-1-9999) USNMENT. CAQUETA: Montañita 1 2 (26-1-1971) USNMENT. R. Orteguaza: 1 4 (16-99-1969) USNMENT. COSTA RICA: CARTAGO: TURRIALBA: Turrialba: 1 2 (10- 99-1932) USNMENT. *Culebra Bay 14 (26-1-1928) AMNH. ECUADOR: NAPO: Río Latas: 1 Í (99-99-1977) USNMENT. Cotundo: 1 Í (99-99-1979) USNMENT. GUYANA: UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESSEQUIBO: Rewa river: 1 Í (13- 111-2012) iNaturalista. FRENCH GUIANA: SINNAMARY: CAYENE: Malmanoury: 1 Í (29-99-1991) USNMENT, 1% (20-1-1991) USNMENT. Sinammary: 1 Í (3-99-1991) CB; 1 Í (10-99-1993) CB. 1 2 (13-1-1991) USNMENT. PERU: JUNÍN: CHANCHAMAYO: Nijandari 14 (10-X-2019) iNaturalista. LORETO: MAZAN: Río Sucusari: 1 Í (17-99-1995) USNMENT, 1 Í (13-99-1995) USNMENT. Maynas: 1 3 (23-X-2019) ¡Naturalista. MADRE DE DIOS: FITZCARRALD: Parque Nacional MANU: 1 Í (12-99-1991) USNMENT; 1 Í (35-99-1990) USNMENT; 1 ¿ (6-11-2020) iNaturalista. LABERINTO: 50 Km. WSW Pto. Maldonado: 1 Í (9-IX-1992) USNMENT. SAN MARTÍN: MOYOBAMBA: Moyobamba: 14 (27-1-1925) AMNH; 1 Í (1957) USNMENT. TABALOSOS: Puente Ecuador: 1 Í (12-99-1998). *Río Santiago: 14 (2-XIL- 1924) AMNH. *Río Morona: 1 4 (21-1-1925) AMNH. TRINIDAD: *Trinidad: 1 L (99-99-9999) USNMENT. VENEZUELA: ARAGUA: Ocumare de la Costa de Oro: Ocumare de la Costa de Oro: 1 Í (16-99-1985) USNMENT. CARABOBO: Carlos Arevalo: Yuma: 1 Í (30-99-1985) USNMENT. *Mt. Duida: 1 Í (19-X1-1928) AMNH. 34 + Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ET AL. 51 APPENDIX TI. Localities georeferenced with records of Lasaia arsis and Lasaia pseudomeris Lasaia arsis Country Department Province Municipality Locality Longitude Latitude Argentina Misiones General Misiones Dionisio -53.71620881 -26.27820439 Manuel Cerqueira Belgrano Argentina Misiones Iguazú Misiones Iguazú -54.36242425 -25.70464288 Brazil Rondónia Governador -62.8 -10.53333333 Jorge Teixeira Ariquemes Fazenda, Rancho Grande Brazil Mato Novo Mundo Rio Cris- -55.93126944 -9.597591667 Grosso talino Colombia Caldas Victoria Victoria -74.911128 5.316194 Ecuador Napo Archidona — Hatun Sumaku Guagua -77.55311976 — -0.738577318 Sumako Ecuador Napo Tena Puerto Napo Puerto Napo -77.78333333 -1.05 French Sinnamary -52.954548 5.373545 Guiana Mexico Chiapas Ocosingo Bonampak -91.06361111 16.70722222 Panama Darien Chepigana Darien, -77.7166667 7.9333333 Cerro Pirre Peru Loreto Maynas Torres Causana Castaña -75.24 -0.803666667 DESCRIPTION OF TWO FEMALES OF 745474 BATES Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press + 35 52 APPENDIX IL. (Continued) Country Department Province State Municipality Locality Longitude Latitude Peru Loreto Maynas Mazan Río Sucusari -72.91666667 -3.233333333 Peru Madre de Manu Fitzcarrald Parque -71.255 -11.93 Dios Nacional Z E Lasaia pseudomeris Country Department Province State Municipality Locality Longitude Latitude Brazil Mato Diamantino Alto Rio Arinos -56.2 -14.2166667 Grosso ¿ Acre Porto Acre -67.611863 -9,774185 É Amazonas Manaus Anavilhanas -60.7224167 -2.68738889 Turrialba Turrialba -83.679943 9.905983 2 5 ¡ | French Sinnamary Cayenne Malmanoury -52.8307 5.29361 Guiana Peru San Martín Moyobamba Moyobamba -76.969881 -6.041669 Peru Madre de Dios Fitzcarrald Parque Nacional -71.255 -11.93 z Peru Madre de Dios Laberinto 50 Km. WSW -69.5833333 — -12.75 Pto. Maldonado Peru Loreto Mazan Maynas -72.9049839 — -3.28231421 Venezuela Carabobo Carlos Are- Yuma -67.699992 10.100249 valo 36 - Zootaxa 5231 (1) O 2023 Magnolia Press ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS ET AL. 53 54 Capítulo 3 Manuscrito para enviarse a Zootaxa: Arturo Arellano-Covarrubias & Jorge Llorente Bousquets. Systematics of the genus Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Papilionoidea: Riodinidae) 55 Systematics of the genus Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Papilionoidea: Riodinidae) ARTURO ARELLANO-COVARRUBIAS1,2 * & JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS1,3 1Museo de Zoología (Entomología), Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México. 2Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510, Ciudad de México, México 3enantia@prodigy.net.mx; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0876-0533 *Corresponding author: arellano.covarrubias@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 9515-5782 Abstract Lasaia Bates is a Neotropical genus with at least 15 species, distributed from southeastern United States (Texas) to South America (Argentina). Some morphological (reviews) and molecular (phylogenetic analysis) studies have been carried out that include some species of the genus Lasaia, to verify if it is a monophyletic group or not, however, studies with the largest number of described species of the genus Lasaia have not previously been carried out. The present study analyzed information on adult morphology and distributional data of 14 of 17 species of the genus. Also, we present a cladistic analysis based on 82 morphological characters, 14 species of Lasaia and seven outgroup species. Our results show support for the monophyly of Lasaia with the exclusion of the taxa L. cutisca, L. incoides and L. oileus; synonym of L. maria anna, and one subspecies treated as species L. peninsularis Clench, 1972 Keywords: Neotropical region, Lepidoptera, biodiversity, taxonomy 56 Introduction Lasaia Bates is a Neotropical butterfly genus with around 15 species distributed from the southeastern United States (Texas) to South America (Bolivia, north of Argentina, and Uruguay) (Clench, 1972; Warren et al, 2017; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2018, 2019). Species of Lasaia frequently are found at low altitudes, in tropical and subtropical forests (Arellano-Covarrubias et al. 2019). Adults are small to medium-sized, males present metallic blue or green, to brown or metallic grey, while females are principally brown and white. They have a robust short body and have a powerful and erratic flight, on resting, wings remain outspread; with greater activity at sunny days, principally between 11:00 to 17:00 hrs. Males are commonly found near at edges of rivers, lakes streams and damp sand; although they are scarce, males are territorial when perching. In Mexico, females are frequently found on the small inflorescences of Acmella (Asteraceae), Sinclairia (Asteraceae), Nephelium lappaceum (Sapindaceae), and Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae) (Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2018; 2019). Recorded records of their host plants are: Leguminosae (Inga oerstediana, Zygia longifolia, Prosopis juliflora, and Albizzia niopoides, Albizia sp.), Piperaceae, Bromeliaceae, Oxalidaceae, Polygonaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Boraginaceae, and Lamiaceae (Janzen & Hallwachs 2009; Luna-Reyes et al. 2010; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2019). Descriptions of Lasaia species and subspecies have typically been based on morphological characters (wing morphology, spots, bands). The main taxonomic contribution was made by Clench (1972) who did the first revision of the genus using morphological characters. Seraphim et al. (2018), made a primary phylogenetic analysis of Riodinidae with molecular data, that included the genus Lasaia, and concluded that Lasaia it is monophyletic; however, Zhang et al. (2021), using genomic data of some species of Lasaia (incoides and cutisca), concluded that those taxa were wrongly identified and so were moved to a new genus Inkana Grishin, 2021. From this point of view, we gathered information about morphological and distributional data of 14 of 17 taxa of Lasaia sensu Clench (1972) (including I. incoides and I. cutisca) in order to provide a taxonomic hypothesis for this group. 57 Material and methods For this study 4403 specimens were studied from the following scientific collections: American Museum of Natural History, New York, EUA (AMNH); National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian, Washington DC, USA (USNMENT); Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México City, (CNIN); Colección Lepidopterológica del Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City (MZFC); Colección Lepidopterológica del Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Mexico City (MZFZ), Colección de El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Mexico (ECOSUR). Also, photographs of different scientific collections were consulted: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Netherlands (RMNH.INS); Harvard Museum of Natural History, Cambridge, EUA (MCZ-ENT); and private collections: Christian Brévignon, French Guiana (CB), Curtis John Callaghan, Colombia (CC), Jean Francois Le Crom, Colombia, (LC) Jiichiro Yoshimoto, Guatemala (JY). Databases of different scientific collections: Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, EUA (CMNH), San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, EUA (SDNMH), California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco California, EUA (CAS), Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, California, EUA (LACM), and McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity/Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, EUA (MGCL-FLMNH) were gathered. The data of those collections were integrated into the database MARIPOSA (Luis-Martínez et al., 2005); Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica, (INBIO); Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Colombia (IAvH); and Belize Tropical Studies, Belize (BERDS); and public websites: Naturalista (https://www.naturalista.mx/). Taxonomic identification. Specimens were identified by comparison with original descriptions of the species: Stoll (1780-1782), Staudinger (1888), Weeks, (1901), Schaus (1890), Clench (1972), Latreille, [1809]), Godman (1903), Hall & Willmott, 1998 and Hall & Lamas (2001); principally material of different scientifical collections of Mexico and USA. Distributional data. The curational data of all specimens were included in a database with the geographical information. In some cases, the geographical coordinates were obtained using Google Earth; specimens with doubtful or imprecise location (v. gr. Guerrero, Mexico, Amazonas), were 58 excluded from the distributional maps, the maps were made with Qgis 3.30 (QGIS, 2023). For some specimens sex was not determined, because some databases do not include this information. The information obtained of each specimen is summarized as follows: country (bold and uppercase), state, department or region (upper case, bold and italic), municipality (italic) and locality, followed by the geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude), altitude, and date; in some cases, the day, month or year was not available, so only “99” or “9999” appears; collector, number of specimens and sex, and finally acronym of collection or database. Taxon sampling. A total of 14 of 17 taxa of genus Lasaia were included in the analysis to test the monophyly of the group: L. arsis, L, pseudomeris, L. sula sula, L. s. peninsularis, L. agesilas agesilas, L. a. callaina, L. moeros, L. kennethi, L. cutisca, L. incoides, L. oileus, L. maria maria, L. m. anna, and L. sessilis. The outgroup consists of seven species of related or closed genera to the clade Lasaia sensu Clench (1972), based on previous phylogenetic hypotheses (Seraphim et al., 2018). Specimens of L. meris, L. aerugo, and L. maritima were not available for this study so were excluded for the analysis. Type material of some species of Lasaia were revised: L. arsis (deposited in Museum für Naturkunde des Humboldt-Universität, Berlin; photographs of lectotype and paralectotype), L. sessilis (deposited in National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; holotype) and L. incoides (deposited in National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; syntype). Morphological analysis. Observations of external characters and genitalia (male and female) were made with a stereomicroscope Velab VE-S5C. To study the genitalia of both sexes, the abdomens of the specimens were separated with sterile tweezers, and put in a hot solution (±70-80°C) of KOH at 10% for 10 minutes approximately, for digesting soft abdominal tissues to observe male and female structures; due to the reduced number of specimens of some species, it was not possible to review the genitalia of all species. Female abdomens were stained in Chlorazol Black E 1% for 30 seconds, in order to identify soft genital parts. Terminology for wing venation and areas followed Comstock & Needham (1918) and DeVries (1997) (Fig. 1). In 59 the cases of genitalia, we followed Hall (1999, 2005). Illustrations of some characters states were prepared, and were highlighted with arrows, and an indication of character numbers. Phylogenetic analysis. We included 14 of 17 taxa of genus Lasaia; the specimens were obtained or revised from the following collections: AMNH, USNMENT, MZFC, MZFZ, ECOSUR, CNIN, CC and LC. As outgroups we used: Exoplisia azuleja Callaghan, Llorente & Luis, 2007, Charis anius (Cramer, 1776), Crocozona coecias (Hewitson, 1866), Calydna venusta venusta Godman & Salvin, 1886, Calydna sturnula (Geyer, 1837), Calephelis mexicana McAlpine, 1971 and C. acapulcoensis McAlpine, 1971. Cladograms obtained were rooted with E. azuleja. For constructing the data matrix, we used 82 characters (25 binaries and 57 multistate) of the adults (Appendix I and II). The phylogenetic analysis was performed in TNT software (Goloboff & Catalano, 2016) under the parsimony criteria, and a traditional heuristic search, with implied weights using the “setk” script (Goloboff et al., 2008). Final trees were obtained with the following commands: random seed, 1000 replicates with a TBR algorithm, and saving 100 tress per replicate. The resulting cladograms were examined in WINCLADA (Nixon, 2002) (Figs. 2-3). Results Phylogenetic analysis The heuristic analysis under implied weights, yielded two most parsimonious trees, so we use the consensus tree (L: 361, CI: 0.734; RI: 0.739; Fig. 2), this tree supports the monophyly of genus Lasaia with the exclusion of L. incoides, L. cutisca and L. oileus; however, the clade of the genus Lasaia is not well resolved by the inclusion of polytomies (Fig. 2) For the clade Lasaia, we identified four non homoplastic characters that support the separation from the other taxa; those characters are found in head (ocular rings and palpi), wings (form or marginal spots), and male genitalia (sclerotized lobules) (Fig. 3). In this work, L. incoides and L. cutisca are grouped outside of the clade Lasaia sensu Clench on another genus, and share five non homoplastic characters: length of third segment of palpi, size of white scales in tornus, coloration of scales above veins in marginal region 60 (wings), coloration of scales in the fringe (wings), and coloration of the postmedial area (wings). In the case of L. oileus, it also grouped outside of Lasaia clade, so this could be another genus, this species it is supported by eight non homoplastic characters like the length of sensilas of frons, coloration of medial and postmedial regions, form of bulla scobinata sensu Clench. For the species of Lasaia maria maria and L. maria anna, no significant differences were found to separate the species, so it is suggested that these are the same species, with only intraspecific variation. Thus, the species L. sula sula and L. sula peninsularis should be a species instead of subspecies (Fig. 3). Taxonomic treatment Lasaia arsis Staudinger, 1888 Lasaia arsis Staudinger, 1888: Exotische Schmetterlinge 1(18): 257, (17): pl. 91 Lasaia meris arsis; Stichel, 1910: Berliner Entomologische Zeitscrift 55: 48 Lasaia arsis Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10 (2): 168. Figs. 4-9 Type locality: Amazonas (Brazil) Distribution: Southern Mexico (Chiapas), Costa Rica, Panamá, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, French Guiana, Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina, Host plants: Unknown Lasaia arsis: Seitz, 1860-1938; Staudinger, 1888; Stichel, 1910 (Lasaia meris arsis); Stichel, 1911 (Lasaia meris arsis); Hoffmann, 1940 (Lasaia meris); Brown & Mielke, 1967 (Lasaia meris arsis); Clench, 1972; De la Maza, J. & de la Maza, R., 1985a (Lasaia meris); Emmel & Austin, 1990; Lamas et al., 1996; Robbins et al., 1996; Canals, 2003; Salinas-Gutiérrez et al., 2004 (Lasaia meris); Garwood & Lehman, 2009 (Lasaia meris); Núñez-Bustos, 2009; Nielsen & Salazar-E, 2014; Warren et al., 2017; Veléz-Estrada & Ríos-Malaver, 2018; Montero-Abril et al., 2021; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2023; Lamas et al., 2023. Description ♂ Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and black, short sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region cream. White palps, with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 5A-5D). Antennas. Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 6A-6C). Legs. Prothoracic white, second and third of white/cream color. Thorax. Metallic blue/green coloration. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 4). Background coloration blue/green, with small black and white cilias. Marginal 61 region with rounded shaped spots, with black scales above the veins. Presence of spots below vein M3 in the postmedial region. Presence of whitish costal spots (2-3) in the medial region. Presence of spots in the medial region, throughout the wing, discontinuous line. Posterior (FW). Background coloration blue/green metallic, with small white and brown cilias. Marginal region with rounded spots, with black/brown scales above the veins. Presence of 3 big spots between veins Sc+R1-M2, and the subsequent fainter in the postmedial region. Presence of a black spot between veins Sc+R1-R, with white scales in the submedial region. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 4). Background coloration white with black. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots. Presence of a band in postmedial region, outer edge is straight. Presence of wide line shaped spot in discal region. FW. Background coloration white with brown. Marginal region with rounded spots. Presence of a band in postmedial region, outer edge is straight. Presence of 3 big spots between veins Sc+R1-M1, with subsequently fainter ones up to vein 1A+2A. White coloration in submedial region, between veins Sc+R1- Rs. Presence of a spot in submedial region. White coloration in the postbasal region, between Sc+R1-Rs. Abdomen. Metallic blue/green coloration in dorsal and ventral view, with grey/brown scales at the distal region (Fig. 6D). Genitalia. Uncus slightly lobuled, almost plane, with a small indentation in the central region; tegumen presents a trapezoidal shape, presence of a “window” near at uncus and falces; falces slightly sclerotized, curved, and projected forwards; vinculum curved, forming an acute angle below tegumen; aedeagus curved, slightly sclerotized, base of aedeagus thicker, near frenum; frenum long and thinner; upper and lower valves membranous, with filaments and without spines; bulla scobinata sensu Clench rounded and small; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis. This taxon can regularly be confused with the species L. agesilas sspp., due to their metallic blue/green coloration and size, however, in L. arsis does not present the darker medial spots (forewings, dorsal view). In L. arsis, the postmedial band (forewings, dorsal view) is continuous and the spots are thicker, while in L. agesilas sspp., the band is discontinuous and faded. The postbasal band in L. arsis (forewings, dorsal view) is thick and have a rounded shape; while in L. agesilas sspp., the band is linear. The coloration around submedial spot is white in L. arsis, while in L. agesilas spp., is brown. Discal spot in L. arsis is bigger compared to L. agesilas sspp. Postmedial spots of L. arsis (ventral-dorsal view) is 62 thick, and almost merge with the spots of the postmedial band, forming a circle, while in the other taxa, they are narrower and do not merge with the spots of the postmedial band. Description ♀ Head. Brown hairy eyes, with white scales at the palps; ocular ring with white-brown scales; frons with white and brown scales. Antennae. Black with rounded white scales. Abdomen and thorax. Brown scales in the dorsal view and white in ventral view. Legs. White scales over all the legs. Forewing (dorsal view) (Fig. 7). Background coloration brown with white and black spots. Marginal region with black spots between R4-1A+2A; the ones between R4-M1 and Cu2-1A+2A wider. Postmedial region have spots of different sizes, the ones that are near of apex, between veins R3-M2, are wider and have trapezoidal shape; those between M2-1A+2A are thinner and have a zigzag shape. Media, Submedial and post- basal regions, have the typical spots of the genus. Hindwing (dorsal view) (Fig. 7). Background coloration brown with white and black spots. Marginal region with irregular spots between apex to tornus. Spots between veins Sc+R1-M2 of the postmedial region, have a trapezoidal shape and are wider compared to the other spots of this region. Spots between veins Sc+R1-Cu1 of the medial region, are enlarged compared to the rest of spots in that region. Submedial and post-basal regions have lineal spots. Genitalia ♀ (Fig. 8) Corpus bursae thick, globe-shaped, without signa; ductus bursae widened in the region near of corpus bursae, and thin in the region near the ostium bursae, approximately 1.5 times longer than the corpus bursae; in ventral view it is in the middle part of the sternite 8; sternites 6, 7 and 8 are sclerotized. Diagnosis. L. arsis can be distinguished from other species of the genus Lasaia with general whitish coloration on the ventral view, also, its bigger than other females known. On the hindwings, the spots that are near at the apex, are bigger and wider compared to other species of the genus v.gr. L. agesilas callaina and L. sula sula. Material examined (Fig. 9). AMERICA. 99-99-9999, 1 (RMNH.INS). MEXICO: CHIAPAS, Ocosingo, Bonampak; 16.707, -91.06; 300 m. 99-IX-1964, Alberto Díaz Francés, 2 (CNIN); 1-VIII-1979, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). COSTA RICA. CARTAGO, Paraíso, Paraíso; 9.748, -83.753; 1407 m. 27-X-2019, 1 (Naturalista). PANAMÁ. DARIEN, Chepigana, Darien, Cerro Pirre; 7.9333333, -77.7166667; 881 m. 24- 99-1981, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 31-99-1983, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). Pinogana. Darien Cana; 7.756, -77.684; 509 m. 4-99-1981, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 63 7-99-1981, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 12-99-1981, G. B. Small, 4 (USNMENT); 21-99-1981, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 2-99-1983; G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 6-99-1983; G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 7-99-1983; G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 8- 99-1983; G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1983; G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 11- 99-1983; G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). COLOMBIA. Felipe Ovalle Q. 99-99-9999, 1 (AMNH). Río Cocorna, Amazonas. 900 m. 27-VIII-1946, L. Richter, 1 (AMNH). Head R. Carare. 99-99-1921. 1 (USNMENT). SANTANDER. Cimitarra, Cimitarra; 6.315, -73.948; 153 m. 12-XI-2019, Nicolle Meneses Cardona, 1 (Naturalista). CALDAS, Victoria, Victoria; 5.316, -74.911; 714 m. 10-99-1965, 1 (USNMENT). FRENCH GUIANA. CAYENNE, Sinnamary; 5.373, -52.954; 4 m. 3-99-1991, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). ECUADOR. NAPO, Archidona, Guagua Sumako; -0.738, -77.553; 933 m. 4-XII- 2019, Tom Horton, 1 (Naturalista). Tena, Puerto Napo; -1.05, -77.783; 458 m. 6/10-99- 1988, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT). PASTAZA, Pastaza, Sarayacu; -1.733, -77.483; 406 m. 19-99-1968, Velastiqui, 1 (USNMENT). Pastaza; -2.540, -76.85; 249 m. 28-X-2009, Sebastián Vizcarra, 1 (Naturalista). PERU. "Northeastern Peru". 99-99-9999, 1 (AMNH). San Ramón. 7-99-1980, J. Schunke, 1 (USNMENT). Tingo, María. 670 m. 99- VI-1947, Church, 1 (AMNH). LORETO, Maynas, Castaña; -0.803, -75.24; 182 m. 22- 99-1993, G. Lamas, 2 (USNMENT); 27-IX-1993, G. Lamas, 1 (USNMENT). Río Sucusari; -3.23, -72.916; 118 m. 23-99-1995, G. Lamas, 1 (USNMENT). Alta Amazonas, Balsapuerto-Paranapura, río; -5.829, -76.556; 188 m. 5-99-1933, Albert S. Pinkus, 1 (AMNH). CUZCO, Quitacalzone, Cosnipata Rd. 2668 Kinyon; 1050 m. 3-99-2011, Kinyon, 1 (USNMENT). SAN MARTÍN, Moyobamba, Moyobamba; -6.041, -76.969; 881 m. 99- 99-1957, 1 (USNMENT). JUNÍN. Chanchamayo. Chanchamayo. 14-99-1980, José Schunke, 1 (USNMENT). La Merced; -11.063, -75.335; 749 m. 99-VII-1930, 1 (AMNH). MADRE DE DIOS, Manu, Parque Nacional Manu; -11.93, -71.255; 385 m. 13- 99-1989, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT); 3-99-1990, J. MacDonald, 1 (USNMENT); 12- 99-1990, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT); 29-99-1990, J. MacDonald, 1 (USNMENT); 64 11-99-1991, G. Lamas, 1 (USNMENT). BRASIL. Chapada, Nucoy. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Chapada. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). RONDÔNIA, Vic. Caucalandia; - 10.53, -62.8; 240 m. 26-99-1991, J. Kemner, 1 (USNMENT). 62 Km. S Ariquemes Fazenda, Rancho Grande; -10.533, -62.8; 240 m. 18/29-99-1996, Ron Leuschner, 1 (USNMENT). MATO GROSSO, Alta Floresta, Río Sao Manuel; -9.636, -55.938; 240 m. 27-X-2004, Kristian Svensson, 1 (Naturalista). Novo Mundo, Río Cristalino; -9.597, - 55.931; 246 m. 13-VIII-2011, Rich Hoyer, 1 (Naturalista); 5-IX-2011, Rich Hoyer, 1 (Naturalista). ARGENTINA. MISIONES. Iguazú, Iguazú; -25.704, -54.362; 261 m, 18-IV- 2017, 1 (Naturalista). Parque Nacional Iguazú; -25.68, -54.453; 219.9 m. 28-IX-2011, Martin Arregui, 1 (Naturalista). General Manuel Belgrano, Reserva Privada Yacutinga; -25.581, -54.07; 241 m. 4-X-2013, Nicolas Olejnik, 1 (Naturalista). Dionisio Cerqueira - 26.278, -53.716; 780 m. 31-I-2020, Charlotte Pavelka, 1 (Naturalista). Lasaia agesilas agesilas (Latreille, [1809]) Erycina agesilas Latreile, [1809]: Humboldt & Bonpland, Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent. 2. Recueil d'observations de zoologie et d'anatomie comparée; faites dans l'Océan Atlantique, dans l'intérieur du Nouveau Continent et dans la Mer du Sud, pendant les années 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802 et 1803. 1:396, pl.25. Lasaia agesilas agesilas Staudinger, 1888: Exotische Schmetterlinge 1(18): 257 Lasaia agesilas esmeralda; Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10 (2): 174 Lasaia agesilas agesilas, Callaghan & Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Chekclist. Part 4A. Figs. 10-14 Type locality: Perú, “Orillas del río Amazonas, Provincia de Jaen de Bracamorros”, Distribution: Southern of Costa Rica to Brazil Host plants: Unknown Lasaia agesilas agesilas: Seitz, 1860-1938 (Lasaia agesilas narses); Stichel, 1910 (Lasaia agesilas narses); Stichel, 1911; Brown & Mielke, 1967; Clench, 1972; Emmel & Austin, 1990; Lamas et al., 1996; Robbins et al., 1996; Canals, 2003; Garwood & Lehman, 2009; Núñez-Bustos, 2009; Nielsen & Salazar-E, 2014; Gallard, 2017; Warren et al., 2017; Veléz- Estrada & Ríos-Malaver, 2018; Montero-Abril et al., 2021; Lamas et al., 2023. 65 Description ♂ Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and black, short sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part, presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region is pale brown. White palps, with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 11A- 11D). Antennas. Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 12A-12B). Legs. Prothoracic of brown color, and the rest of white/cream color. Thorax. Metallic blue/green in the dorsal region. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW). (Fig. 10). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small black and white cilias. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots with black scales above veins. Presence of series of spots in the postmedial region, those below M2 shorter. Presence of whitish/blue costal spots (2-3). Presence of discontinuous spots throughout the wing in medial region. Presence of medial spots, those located between costal margin and M3 vein, are darker. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small white and brown cilias. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots, with black/brown scales above veins. Preence of three thick spots (postmedial region) between veins Sc+R1-M2, below that, the spots are faded. Brown coloration, with a spot between veinsSc+R1-R, in the submedial region. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 10) Background coloration with brown. Presence of rounded shaped spots in marginal region. Presence of postmedial band, irregular and linear shaped. Presence of discal spot, shaped like a thick line. FW. Background coloration white with brown. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots. Brown with metallic blue coloration in the postmedial region. Presence of postmedial band, outer edge exhibits a regular shape (straight) Presence of three rounded shaped spots (postmedial region) between veins Sc+R1- M1, with spots below that. Pale brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs (submedial region). Presence of submedial spots. Brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs of the postbasal region. Abdomen. Metallic blue/green in dorsal region, and brown in ventral region, with brown scales in the distal region (Fig. 12C). Genitalia ♂ Uncus bilobed with a middle groove; tegumen presents a trapezoidal shape, with the anterior region more sclerotized presence of a “window” near the uncus and falces; falces sclerotized, curved and projected forward; vinculum semicurve with and obtuse angle near the tegumen; aedeagus curved, sclerotized, the region near frenum is thicker; frenum from lateral view is wider and shorter, while in ventral view appear like a sclerotized inverted “V”; 66 upper and lower valves membranous, without spines and with filaments; bulla scobinata sensu Clench flared shaped; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis ♂ L. agesilas agesilas could be confused with L. arsis in color and size, however, is easily differentiated by the medial macules (forewings) and submedial spots (hindwings); L. a. agesilas exhibits well marked black postmedial spots in dorsal view, while in L. arsis they are not so marked; and, in the region where the submedial spots are, the scales are brown color in L. a. agesilas, while in L. arsis the region is white. Description ♀ Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Palps with white and brown scales in the tips. Frons with white and brown scales. Ocular ring with white and brown scales. Antennae. Brown with some ringed white scales. Thorax. Brown scales in dorsal region. Legs. All the legs with white/cream scales. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW). Background coloration brown with black spots. Marginal region with rounded s spots of similar size. Postmedial region exhibits a series of spots of different sizes, those located between R3-M2 are bigger and have a trapezoidal shape, those located below that are thinner and linear. Presence of three whitish costal spots. Presence of slightly medial macules. The regions medial, submedial and postbasal, present linear shaped spots, typical of the genus. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown with black spots. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots if different sizes, from the apex to tornus. Postmedial spots of different sizes; those located between Sc+R1-M2 are rounded and bigger than those located below. The region medial, submedial and postbasal have linear shaped spots, typical of the genus. Wings (ventral view). HW. Background coloration brown and white, with black spots. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar size, those located below Cu2 veins, are slightly smaller. Postmedial region with a series of spots of different sizes; those located near at apex between R3–M2 area broader and have a trapezoidal shape, while those found between M2–1A+2A are thin and linear. The medial, submedial and postbasal region has linear shaped spots, typical of the genus. FW. Background coloration brown with black spots. Marginal region with rounded spots of different sizes. Postmedial spots of different sizes; those located between Sc+R1-M2 are bigger and not aligned, those below M2 vein, are thinner and aligned. The medial, submedial and postbasal region presents linear shaped spots, typical of the genus. Abdomen. Brown scales in dorsal region, and cream/whitish with brown scales across the abdomen in ventral region; and brown scales at the tip. 67 Genitalia ♀ (Fig. 13). Corpus bursae thick and “mushroom” shaped, without signa; ductus bursae widened in the region close to the corpus bursae, and thiner in the region proximate to ostium bursae, approximately 1.5 times longer that the corpus bursae; in ventral view it is located in the middle part of the sternum 8. Sternites 6,7 and 8 are sclerotized. Diagnosis ♀ L. a. agesilas could be confused with L. pseudomeris and L. arsis in color and size. The difference between them is that L. a. agesilas is bigger than L. pseudomeris, and the spots that are present in the marginal region, are of different size in L. a. agesilas compared to L. pseudomeris, that are of similar size and rounded shaped. In the case with L. arsis, the females are whitish compared to L. a. agesilas that are browner; and the spots at the marginal region in L. a. agesilas, are more rounded and presents similar sizes compared to L. arsis. Material examined (Fig. 14). PANAMA. Canal zone. 99-99-9999, W. P. Comstock, 2 (AMNH). La Pita, Canal Zone. 11-99-1962, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). Panamá Prov., Río Partí. 1-99-1978, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). PMA, Bayano. 19-99-1974, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 23-99-1974, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). BOCAS DEL TORO, Changuinola, Bio Palo Seco: 9.07, -82.471; 228 m. 23-II-2020, Ariel Concepción, 1 (Naturalista). CHIRIQUI, David, Río Chorcha, Chiriqui: 8.386, -82.279; 19 m. 99-99-, B. Neumögen, 1 (USNMENT). COLON, Colón, Gamboa: 9.11, -79.698; 47 m. 26-VII- 2019, 1 (Naturalista). DARIEN, Chepigana, Darien, Cerro Pirre: 7.933, -77.716; 881 m. 99-99-1979, G. B. Small, 2 (USNMENT); 6-99-1981, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT) Pinogana, Darien Cana: 7.756971, -77.684259; 509 m. 6-99-1981, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 22-99-1981, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 26-99-1981, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 1-99-1982, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 20-99-1982, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 7-99-1983, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 22-99-1983, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 23-99-1983, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). Parque Nacional del Darién: 7.756, -77.684; 508 m. 9-I-2006, Ruth Ripley, 1 (Naturalista). Biomuseo: 8.9327184, - 79.5457111; 8 m. 29-III-2018, Scott Ferrell, 1 (Naturalista). Farfan, Canal Zone: 8.930, - 79.571; 5 m. 26-99-1968, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 30-99-1968, G. B. Small, 2 (USNMENT). Cerro Galera: 8.933, -79.61; 207 m. 9-99-1980, G. B. Small, 1 68 (USNMENT). Cocoli Canal Zone: 8.98, -79.59; 34 m. 4-99-1963, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 19-99-1963, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). Morgan: 8.980, -79.564; 49 m. 7-VI-2020, Rosabel Miro, 1 (Naturalista). COLOMBIA. Colombia. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Casabe, across Magdalena R. fr. Barranca Bermeja. 99-IV-1958, D. S. Bos, 1 (AMNH). Cauca, Guisitó. 800 m. 99-VIII-1946, K. von Sneidern, 3 (AMNH). Felipe Ovalle Q. 99-99-9999, 1 (AMNH). Head R Carare. 99-99-1921, 1 (USNMENT). Km. 46 Calima Dam Rd.1100 m. 7-99-1981, J. B. Sullivan, 2 (USNMENT). La Lechera, Río Opon, N. Of Tunja, Boyacea. 850 m. 15-II-1946, L. Richter, 1 (AMNH). La Vega. 99- VI-1915, W. P. Comstock, 1 (AMNH). Lobo Guerrero. 12-99-1985, J. B. Sullivan, 2 (USNMENT). Loreto Yaeu, Amazonas. 8-IV-1946, L. Richter, 2 (AMNH). R. Bodoquero. 19-99-1969, S. S Nicolay, 1 (USNMENT). Río Caucaya, Putamayo. 18-XI- 1948, L. Richter, 1 (AMNH). Río Suárez. 13-VIII-1946, L. Richter, 1 (AMNH). Río Tacaná, AmazonaS. 9-XI-1946, L. Richter, 1 (AMNH). Samerica. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Tambito, Cauca. 1700 m. 99-VIII-1946, K. von Sneidern, 2 (AMNH). MAGDALENA, Santa Marta, Santa Marta: 11.1336, -74.102; 781 m. 29-VII-2017, 1 (Naturalista). SUCRE, El Roble, San Benito Abad: 9.073, -75.060; 66 m. 4-V-2016, Jeir Ortega Galvan, 1 (Naturalista). CÓRDOBA, Montería, Universidad de Cordoba: 8.789, - 75.857; 15 m. 27-IX-2018, Jhon Mario Barba López, 1 (Naturalista). SANTANDER, Piedecuesta, Piedecuesta: 6.966, -73.04; 948 m. 30-III-2019, Sergio Adrian Gutierrez, 1 (Naturalista). ANTIOQUIA, Bello, Av. 42, Bello, Antioquia: 6.335, -75.547; 1424 m. 5-V- 2019, Luis Fernando Granados Yepes, 1 (Naturalista). Barbosa, Barbosa: 6.455, -75.334; 1340 m. 20-V-2018, Sergio Muriel, 1 (Naturalista). Medellín, Cerro El Volador y Parque Natural Regional Metropolitano: 6.2647, -75.582; 1589 m. /19-VII-2019, Santiago Roldán, 1 (Naturalista). Envigado, Envigado: 6.1621, -75.5898; 1582.7 m. 26-VII-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Girardota, Girardota: 6.378, -75.4; 1408 m. 28-I-2005, David Foster, 1 (Naturalista). San Francisco, Reserva Natural Cañón del Río Claro: 5.894, -74.859; 330 m. 26-II-2020, Josh Vandermeulen, 1 (Naturalista). Titiribí, Titiribí: 5.9978, -75.811; 593 m. 21-V-2014, Roger Rittmaster, 1 (Naturalista). BOYACÁ, Tasco, RNA Paujil: 5.883, - 69 72.766; 3014 m. 14-I-2016, Leslie Flint, 1 (Naturalista). CALDAS, Victoria, Victoria: 5.316194, -74.911128; 714 m. 9-99-1969, S. S. Nicolay, 1 (USNMENT). CUNDINAMARCA, Rafael Reyes, Apulo: 4.501, -74.557; 472 m. 25-V-2019, Luis Enrique Villegas, 1 (Naturalista). Choachí, Choachi: 4.528, -73.92; 1925 m. 99-XII-1914, W. P. Comstock, 1 (AMNH). La Vega, La Vega: 5.005, -74.339; 1156 m. 13-III-2018, 1 (Naturalista). San Antonio del Tequendama, San Antonio del Tequendama: 4.619, -74.376; 1049 m. 3-XI-2018, German Leonel Sarmiento Cruz, 1 (Naturalista). BOGOTÁ D. C., Bogotá D.C., Bogotá: 4.710, -74.072; 2554 m. 99-99-9999, 5 (USNMENT). RISARALDA, Pereira, La Esperanza: 4.816, -75.802; 1209 m. 4-VI-2018, Santiago González Benjumea, 1 (Naturalista). QUINDÍO, Quimbaya, Quimbaya: 4.592, -75.84; 1120 m. 15-X-2010, Oscar H. Marín, 3 (Naturalista). VALLE DE CAUCA. Calima, Calima: 3.936, -76.550; 2051 m. 1-XI-2019, Peter Hoell, 1 (Naturalista). Dagua, Dagua: 3.556, -76.665; 1436.8 m. 24-VI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). La Elsa: 3.576, -76.787; 632 m. 21-VII-2017, 1 (Naturalista). San José del Salado: 3.561, -76.71; 1278 m. 22-X-2017, 1 (Naturalista). Santiago de Cali. 9-VI-2017, 1 (Naturalista). Barrio Pance: 3.3464, - 76.532; 1030 m. 11-V-2016, Juan Manuel de Roux, 1 (Naturalista). Cali, Pance Valle: 3.328, -76.638; 1617 m. 8-99-1985, J. Bolling Sullivan, 2 y 1 (USNMENT); 15-99- 1988, J. Bolling Sullivan, 1 (USNMENT); -99-1989, J. Bolling Sullivan, 1 (USNMENT); 24-99-1989, J. Bolling Sullivan, 1 (USNMENT). Cali, Valle: 3.44908, - 76.537682; 1010 m. 9-99-1977, R. W. Hutchings, 1 (USNMENT); 29-99-1977, R. W. Hutchings, 1 (USNMENT); 30-99-1977, R. W. Hutchings, 1 (USNMENT); 26-99- 1980, J. Bolling Sullivan, 1 (USNMENT); 28-99-1980, J. Bolling Sullivan, 1 (USNMENT); 6-99-1981, J. Bolling Sullivan, 1 y 2 (USNMENT). Corregimiento de Pance: 3.3285, -76.63; 1572 m. 27-IX-2017, 1 (Naturalista). HUILA, Aipe, Villavieja: 3.328, -75.226; 365 m. 12-XII-2019, Carlos Alberto Donoso Castro, 1 (Naturalista). CAQUETÁ, La Montañita, Montañita, Caquetá: 1.4818, -75.4369; 242 m. 6-99-1971, S. S. & S. Nicolay, 1 (USNMENT). AMAZONAS, Leticia, Loreto Macagua: -3.893, -70.184; 76 m. 14-XII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). VENEZUELA. Mt. Duida. 19-XI-1928, Tate, 3 70 (AMNH). Surukum. 99-XI-XII-1941, Gaston Vivas, 2 (AMNH). CARABOBO, Diego Ibarra, Rancho Grande: 10.348, -67.685; 1131 m. 28-99-1985, R. K. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT). ARAGUA, Girardot, Girardot: 10.265, -67.610; 446 m. 99-99-9999, Marco Gaiani, 1 (Naturalista). SUCRE, Sucre, 6 km. South of Cumana Sucre: 10.413, -64.137; 14.7 m. 1-99-1980, J. B. Sullivan, 1 (USNMENT). TRUJILLO, San Rafael de Carvajal, Mototan: 9.392, -70.593; 353 m. 2-IX-1937, Frank Johnson, 1 (AMNH). COJEDES, Pao de San Juan Bautista, Jobito: 8.934, -68.082; 84 m. 26-XII-2007, Oswaldo Hernández, 1 (Naturalista). AMAZONAS, Río Negro, San Carlos del Río Negro: 1.917, -67.055; 93 m. 24- 99-1985, P. & P. Spangler, R. Faitoute, W. Steiner, 1 (USNMENT). Cerro de La Neblina, Basecamp: 0.833, -66.162; 143 m. 2-99-1985, W. E. Steiner, 1 (USNMENT): 26/31-99- 1985, P. & P. Spangler, R. Faitoute, W. Steiner, 1 (USNMENT). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Dabadle. 26-IV-1933, Albert S. Pinkus, 1 (AMNH). Trinidad. 99-99-1919, Schaus, 1 (USNMENT); 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Trinidad, B(ritish) W(est) I(ndies). 99-99-9999, Albert S. Pinkus, (AMNH). SAN JUAN-LAVENTILLE, Fondes Amandes Rd.: 10.68, -61.502; 105 m. 2-IX-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Sydenham Ave, Port of Spain: 10.680, -61.510; 81 m. 4-X-2019, Niamh Vaughan, 1 (Naturalista). MAYARO/RIO CLARO, Río Claro-Guayaguayare: 10.249, -61.143; 39 m. 11-X-1993, Matthew Cock, 1 (Naturalista). ECUADOR. Zamora. 1000 m. 20-X-1941, D. B. Laddey, 1 (AMNH). Palmar, Manabi. 200 m. 13-IV-1941, D. B. Laddey, 1 (AMNH). Environs de Loja. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Pinos. 1000 m. 22-VII-1941, D. B. Laddey, 1 (AMNH). Playas. 14-IV-1938, 1 (AMNH). PICHINCHA, Quito, Mashpi Shungo: 0.182, -78.912; 515 m. 15-XI-2018, ,1 (Naturalista). Pacto: 0.142, -78.80; 1489.5 m. 23-V-2006, Frank Dietze, 1 (Naturalista). Reserva de la Biosfera Chocó Andino: 0.141, -78.678; 1082 m. 6-X-2019, Holger Beck, 1 (Naturalista). San Miguel de los Bancos, Saguambi: -0.056, -78.772; 1263 m. 24-III-2018, 2 (Naturalista); 19-VII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). SUCUMBIOS, Putumayo, Cuyabeno Lodge: -0.009, -76.181; 226 m. 20-IX-2018, Anneke Jonker, 1 (Naturalista). Shushufindi, Garzcocha: -0.506, -76.365; 242 m. 12-IV-2013, Laura Gaudette, 1 (Naturalista). MANABI, Jama, Reserva Jama-Coaque: -0.110, - 71 80.131; 274 m. 12-III-2019, Martin Mandák, 1 (Naturalista). NAPO, Río Latas. 620 m. 99-99-1977, R. de Lafebre, 1 (USNMENT). Río Tuyano. 650 m. 99-99-1978, R. de Lafebre, 1 (USNMENT). Archidona, Guagua Sumako: -0.7385, -77.5531; 931 m. 2-XII- 2019, Tom Horton, 1 (Naturalista); 4-XII-2019, Tom Horton, 1 (Naturalista). Tena, Tena: -1.004, -77.834; 520 m. 26-IV-2019, Nicolas Cango, 1 (Naturalista). Jct. Río Napo & Misahualli: -1.034, -77.664; 399 m. 6/18-99-1998, Ron Leuschner, 1 (USNMENT). Puerto Napo: -1.05, -77.7833; 458 m. 6/10-99-1988, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT). Costa Azul: -1.11, -77.772; 535 m. 22-XI-2017, Tom Horton, 1 (Naturalista). Pimpilala: -1.076, -77.937; 599 m. 27-XI-2019, Tom Horton, 1 (Naturalista). Cascada de Umbuni: -1.025, -77.731; 522 m. 12-VIII-2016, David Torres, 1 (Naturalista). ORELLANA, Orellana, Estación Científica Yasuni: -0.671, -76.397; 221 m. 9-I-2016, Robby Deans, 1 (/Naturalista). Tiputini Biodiversity Station: -0.6382, -76.149; 217 m. 7-XII-2018, Danielle Aube, 1 (Naturalista); 1-I-2019, Danielle Aube, 1 (Naturalista). Yasuní RschSta/NPk: -0.675, -76.398; 229.6 m. 5/17-99-1999, R. Leuschner, 5 (USNMENT). PASTAZA, Arajuno, Reserva de la Biosfera Yasuní: -1.104, -76.73; 240 m. 24-X-2018, Mike Tidwell, 1 (Naturalista). Mejía, Río Anzu: -1.333, -78; 925 m. 17-99-1968, Velastiqui, 1 (USNMENT). Santa Clara, Santa Clara: -1.238, -77.880; 550 m. 1-XII-2017, Roger Rittmaster, 1 (Naturalista); 22-XI-2017, Roger Rittmaster, 2 (Naturalista). MORONA SANTIAGO, Limón Indanza, Parque Ecológico Catazha: -3.0699, -78.472; 774 m. 29-XII- 2015, 1 (Naturalista). LOJA, Catamayo, SE de Zaruma: -3.940, -79.50; 1918 m. 7-IV- 2008, Jim Johnson, 1 (Naturalista). Loja, Izhcayluma: -4.274, -79.223; 1638 m. 14-XI- 2019, 1 (Naturalista). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE, Nangaritza, Guayzimi: -4.045, -78.683; 888 m. 24-XI-2018, Roger Rittmaster, 1 (Naturalista). PERU. Perú. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). 6-99-1979, José Schunke, 1 (USNMENT). Achinamiza. 25-XII-1925, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH); 27-XII-1925, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH); 25-IX-1927, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH). Huallaga, Cayumba. 13-99-1978, José Schunke, 1 (USNMENT); 23-99- 1978, José Schunke, 1 (USNMENT). Cuzco Dept. 99-V-2000, Ex. Ken Thorne, 1 (USNMENT). Chanchamayo. 6-99-1962, F. Koenig, 1 (USNMENT). Cuzco, 72 Chontochaca Cosnipata Rd. 960 m. 11-99-2012, Kinyon, 1 (USNMENT). Grande Pintabamba, Quillabamba Cuaco. 1036 m. 17-III-1947, J. C. Pallister, 1 (AMNH). Lower Río Tapiche. 17-XII-1923, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH). Middle Rio Ucayali. 9-XII-1926, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH). Río Pachitea. 13-XII-1926, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH). Río Perene. 99-99-9999, Albert S. Pinkus, 1 (AMNH). Río Santiago. 2-XII-1924, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH); 21-XII-1928, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH); 23-XII-1928, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH). Tengo María. 6-99-1978, José Schunke, 1 (USNMENT). Upper Río Marañon. 27-IX- 1929, H. Bassler, 1 (AMNH); 29-X-1929, Bassler, 1 (AMNH). LORETO, Maynas, Mazan, Amazon Conservatory for Tropical Studies Station: -3.248, -72.90; 104 m. 19-IX- 2017, John Karges, 1 (Naturalista). Río Sucusari: -3.23, -72.916; 118 m. 22-99-1995, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT). Iquitos, Iquitos: -3.752, -73.250; 94 m. 14-99-1930, 1 (USNMENT); 20-99-1930, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1950, 1 (USNMENT); 99-99- 1993, Callegari, 1 (USNMENT); 99-99-9999, F. Kmall, 1 (USNMENT); 99-99-9999, 2 (USNMENT). Torres Causana, Castaña: -0.8036, -75.24; 182 m. 30-99-1993, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT). Río Aguas Negras: -0.523, -75.256; 185.9 m. 5-99-1994, G. Lamas, 1 (USNMENT). Alto Amazonas, Balsapuerto, Balsapuerto-Paranapura, río: - 5.829, -76.556; 188 m. 5-99-1933, Albert S. Pinkus, 5 (AMNH); 7-99-1933, Albert S. Pinkus, 1 (AMNH); 99-IV-1933, Albert S. Pinkus, 2 (AMNH); 99-V-1933, Albert S. Pinkus, 4 (AMNH). CAJAMARCA, Jaén, Pomahuaca, Chilasque: -6.016, -79.2; 1271 m. 13-99-2000, Robbins & Lamas, 2 y 1 (USNMENT). SAN MARTÍN, Moyobamba, Moyobamba: -6.041, -76.969; 881 m. 99-99-1957, 1 (USNMENT). Jepelacio, Jepelacio: -6.109, -76.917; 1036 m. 1-99-1933, Albert S. Pinkus, 1 (AMNH). Lamas, Tabalosos, Puente Ecuador: -6.366, -76.66; 475 m. 12-99-1998, Robbins & Lamas, 1 (USNMENT). San Martín, Juan Guerra, San Martín: -6.567, -76.307; 258 m. 23-X-2014, Randy Floyd, 1 (Naturalista); 19-VI-2016, Tom Horton, 2 (Naturalista). Mariscal Cáceres, Juanjui, Juanjui: -7.174, -76.7301; 277 m. 99-99-9999, Albert S. Pinkus, 1 (AMNH). HUÁNUCO, Huenuco, Huanuco, Huánuco: -9.92, -76.24; 1898 m. 9-99-1982, H. Perona, 1 73 (USNMENT). JUNÍN, Chanchamayo, Chanchamayo, Bajo Quimiri: -11.040, -75.30; 853.5 m. 19-IV-2019, Antonio Chávez S. S., 1 (Naturalista). Perené: -10.951, -75.22; 616 m. 20-V-1926, 1 (AMNH). Satipo, Rio Tambo, Pto. Prado: -11.159, -74.235; 307 m. 11-99- 1979, José Schunke, 1 (USNMENT). MADRE DE DIOS, Manu, Madre de Dios, Atalaya, Cosñipata Valley: -12.88, -71.353; 493 m. 30-99-2016, Kinyon, 2 (USNMENT). Fitzcarrald, Manu: -11.889, -71.410; 342 m. 25-X-2017, 1 (Naturalista). Parque Nacional Manu: -11.93, -71.255; 354 m. 10-99-1989, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT); 16-99-1989, D. Harvey, 2 (USNMENT); 18-99-1989, D. Harvey, 1 (USNMENT); 21-99-1989, D. Harvey, 1 (USNMENT); 7-99-1990, W. Rowe, 1 (USNMENT); 12-99-1990, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT); 2-99-1991, M. Cassagrande, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1991, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1991, O. Mielke, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1991, M. Cassagrande, 2 (USNMENT); 14-99-1991, M. Cassagrande, 1 (USNMENT); 17- 99-1991, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT); 17-99-1991, M. Cassagrande, 1 (USNMENT); 19-99-1991, G. Lamas, 1 (USNMENT); 20-99-1991, O. Mielke, 1 (USNMENT); 24- 99-1991, D. J. Harvey, 1 (USNMENT); 29-99-1991, O. Mielke, 1 (USNMENT); 30- 99-1991, C. Hauser, 1 (USNMENT) ; 16-II-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Manu, Manu, Estación Biológica Los Amigos: -12.566, -70.100; 283 m. 2-X-2004, Mike Andersen, 1 (Naturalista). Tambopata, Laberinto, 50 Km. WSW Pto. Maldonado: -12.75, -69.583; 257 m. 99-IX-1992, Carlos Tello E., 4 (USNMENT). Las Piedras, Lago Valencia: -12.4625, -68.809; 171.7 m. 27-V-2010, 1 (Naturalista). Tambopata, Tambopata, ACP Nuevo Amanecer: -12.833, -69.283; 215 m. 26-99-1991, O. Mielke, 1 (USNMENT). Maldonado: -12.592, -69.196; 209 m. 28-IX-2015, 1 (Naturalista). CUSCO, La Convención, Santa Teresa, La Convención: -13.02, -72.63; 1871 m. 11-XII-2018, Aileen Barclay, 1 (Naturalista). BRAZIL. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Amazonas, 8-X- 1945, Benjamin Constant, 1 (USNMENT). Brasil, 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Chapada, 99-99-9999, 2 (USNMENT). 99-99-9999, 1 (AMNH). Parque de Gama, 18- 99-1969, S. S. Nicolay, 1 (USMNENT). Río Negro, Amazonas, 99-II-1945, W. 74 Praetorious, 7 (AMNH). Up Amazon, South America, 99-99-9999, 1 (AMNH). Río Tapajoz, Itatuba, 99-99-1963, 1 (USMNENT). Colegio Buriti, Chap. Guimaraes, 27-99- 1969, S. S. Nicolay, 2 (USNMENT). Fazenda, Rancho Grande, 23-99-1989, 1 (USNMENT). Ideuña, 22-99-1980, M. M. Dias, 1 (USNMENT). Río Lacisz, Sta. Catharina, 20-III-1934, Klug, 1 (AMNH); 20-III-1934, 1 (AMNH); 1-IV-1934, Klug, 1 (AMNH); 2-IV-1934, Klug, 1 y 1 (AMNH); 6-IV-1934, Klug, 1 (AMNH); 7- IV1934, Klug, 3 (AMNH); 10-IV-1934, Klug, 3 (AMNH); 15-IV-1934, Klug, 1 (AMNH); 18-IV-1934, Klug, 1 (AMNH); 20-IV-1934, Klug, 1 (AMNH). Santa Catarina. 19-X-1952, William H. Howe, (AMNH). SE Brasil, "Pomona Centro District", 99-99-9999, W. Schaus, 1 (AMNH). SÃO GABRIEL DA CACHOEIRA, São Gabriel de Cahoeira, São Gabriel da Cachoeira: 0.20, -69.583; 104 m. 20-XI-2016, Juliana Lins, 1 (Naturalista). AMAZONAS, Japurá, Estação Ecológica Juami-Japurá: -1.96, -67.935; 73 m. 10-II-2017, 1 (Naturalista). São Paulo De Olivença, S. P. de Olivencia: -3.473, -68.95; 75 m. 99-99-1956, 2 (USNMENT). Humaitá, Humaitá: -7.33, -63.201; 74 m. 27-X-2017, Rich Hoyer, 1 (Naturalista). PARÁ, Óbidos, Óbidos: -1.9010, -55.5171; 40 m. 99-99- 9999, 1 (AMNH). Parauapebas, Parauapebas: -5.98639, -50.2405; 273 m. 27-VII-2017, Filho Manfredini, 1 (Naturalista); 24-X-2018, Filho Manfredini, 1 (Naturalista). ACRE, Mâncio Lima, Mancio Lima: -7.478, -73.740; 248 m. 30-XI-2019, Tomaz Nascimento de Melo, 1 (Naturalista). Rio Branco, Río Branco: -9.986, -67.846; 167 m. 4-III-2020, Wendel Castro Lima, 1 (Naturalista). Universidade Federal do Acre: -9.955, -67.872; 163 m. 6-IV-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Xapuri, Xapuri: -10.427, -68.47; 240 m. 27- IX-2019, Martin Acosta, 1 (Naturalista). RONDÔNIA, Governador Jorge Teixeira, 62 Km. S Ariquemes Fazenda, Rancho Grande: -10.533, -62.8; 240 m. 10-X-1991, Ron Leuschner, 5 (USNMENT); 10-IX-1992, Ron Leuschner, 3 (USNMENT); 10-IX- 1992; Brian Harris, 1 (USNMENT). Vic. Caucalandia: -10.53, -62.8; 240 m. 10-99-1991, J. MacDonald, 1 (USNMENT); 15-99-1991; J. Kemner, 1 (USNMENT); 16-99-1991, J. Kemner, 1 (USNMENT); 17-99-1991, J. Kemner, 1 (USNMENT); 21-99-1991, J. 75 Kemner, 1 (USNMENT); 22-99-1991, J. Kemner, 1 (USNMENT); 25-99-1991, J. Kemner, 1 (USNMENT); 30-99-1991, J. Kemner, 1 (USNMENT). Porto Velho, Porto Velho de Santonio: -8.784, -63.91; 70 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). MATO GROSSO, Alta Floresta, Alta Floresta: -9.7858, -55.9380; 246 m. 30-VIII-2011, Rich Hoyer, 1 (Naturalista); 2-VI-2019, 1 (Naturalista); 6-XI-2019, Delton Jonatas Richter, 1 (Naturalista). Diamantino, Alto Río Arinos: -14.216, -56.2; 400 m. 1-99-1990, E. Furtado, 1 (USNMENT); 1-99-1990, E. Furtado, 1 (USNMENT); 6-99-1990, E. Furtado, (USNMENT); 10-99-1990, E. Furtado, 1 (USNMENT); 12-99-1990, E. Furtado, 2 (USNMENT); 8-99-1991, E. Furtado, 1 (USNMENT); 18-99-1991, E. Furtado, 1 (USNMENT). Fazenda, Sao Joao: -14.416, -56.416; 273 m. 20-99-1976, E. Furtado, 1 (USNMENT); 15-99-1979, E. Furtado, 1 (USNMENT); 22-99-1981, E. Furtado, Macho (USNMENT). Chapada dos Guimarães, Chapada dos Guimarães: -15.4582, -55.752; 813 m. 13-X-2015, 1 (Naturalista). Cuiaba, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimaraes: - 15.345, -55.823; 340 m. 14-VI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Cuiabá: -15.444, -55.825; 697 m. /19-X-2019, Eric Carpenter, 1 (Naturalista). Cuyaba: -15.6089, -56.097; 178 m. 99-99- 9999, 1 (USNMENT). Poconé, Poconé: -16.504, -56.67; 129 m. 13-I-2020, Rick Hoyer, 1 (Naturalista). Novo Mundo, Río Cristalino: -9.597, -55.931; 246 m. 30-VIII-2011, Rich Hoyer, 1 (Naturalista); 11-VIII-2014, Rich Hoyer, 2 (Naturalista); 23-VIII-2015, Rich Hoyer, 1 (Naturalista). TOCANTINS, Caseara, Caseara: -9.356, -49.890; 206 m. 26- XII-2015, Ricardo Ribeiro, 1 (Naturalista). Divinópolis do Tocantins, Divinópolis do Tocantins: -9.22, -48.813; 327 m. 13-XI-2019, Ciro Albano, 1 (Naturalista). GOIÁS, Matrinchã, Matrinchã: -15.528, -50.710; 297 m. 14-VIII-2015, Rodolph Delfino Sartin, 1 (Naturalista). Pirenópolis, Pirenópolis: -15.827, -48.939; 800 m. 3-X-2019, Jordan Holaday, 1 (Naturalista). Cocalzinho de Goiás, Cocalzinho de Goiás: -15.823, -48.776; 1083 m. 25-III-2017, Laurent Quéno, 1 (Naturalista). Goiânia. Goiânia: -16.69, -49.2492; 800 m. 27-IV-2020, Wagner Machado Carlos Lemes, 1 (Naturalista). DISTRITO FEDERAL, Brasilia, Brasilia: -15.795, -47.874; 1033 m. 4-I-2019, 1 (Naturalista); 22-XI-2019, 76 Carlos A. S. Correira, 1 (Naturalista); 19-IV-2020, Carlos A. S. Correira, 1 (Naturalista); 7-VI-2020, 1 (Naturalista). Parque Nacional de Brasilia: -15.738, -47.926; 1034 m. 12-III-2019, Claudia Rocha-Campos, 1 (Naturalista); 21-VI-2019, Onildo Joao Marini Filho, 1 (Naturalista). Grotão: -15.554, -47.77; 925 m. 11-VII-2009, Onildo Joao Marini Filho, 1 (Naturalista). MINAS GERAIS, Montes Claros, Montes Claros: -16.71, -43.902; 747 m. 16-III-2018, Ricardo Ribeiro, 1 (Naturalista). Timóteo, Ipatinga: -19.49, -42.535; 230 m. 10-XII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Belo Horizonte, Santa Luzia: -19.787, - 43.957; 804 m. 99-99-9999, Miguel Filho, 1 (Naturalista). Centro Belo: -19.916, - 43.9344; 841 m. 23-I-2019, Stela Maris, 1 (Naturalista). Sabará, Belo Horizonte: - 19.883, -43.880; 814 m. 27-VII-2012, 1 (Naturalista). Caratinga, Rodovia: -19.72, - 41.80; 348 m. 7-III-2018, 2 (Naturalista). Andrelândia, Andrelandia: -21.741, -44.312; 965 m. 26-XII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Lamim, Lamim: -20.790, -43.471; 722 m. 26-I-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Pirauba, Piraúba: -21.226, -43.0622; 389 m. 13-II-2018, Luiz M. R. Gadelha Jr., 1 (Naturalista). ESPIRITÚ SANTO, Iúna, Iúna: -20.339, -41.495; 775 m. 28-VI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). MATO GROSSO DO SUL, Sapezal, Serra do Amolar: - 18.24, -57.505; 260 m. 26-V-2007, Camila Aoki, 1 (Naturalista). Corumbá, Corumbá: - 17.321, -56.693; 112 m. 20-XII-2012, Raul Guarnizo, 1 (Naturalista). Coxim, Coxim: - 18.362, -54.61; 221 m. 18-X-2013, Alexey Moseevskiy, 1 (Naturalista). Costa Rica, Parque Natural Municipal Salto do Sucuriú: -18.563, -53.132; 593 m. 15-I-2020, Vinícius Souza, 1 (Naturalista). Miranda, Miranda: -20.182, -56.452; 112 m. 3-VIII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Bodoquena, Serra da Bodoquena National Park: -20.54922, -56.777; 186 m. 18-II-2007, Francisco Severo Neto, 1 (Naturalista). SÃO PAULO, Barrinha, Barrinha: - 21.1876, -48.085; 502 m. 7-XI-2019, Dercelino Teodoro, 1 (Naturalista). Altinópolis, Altinópolis: -20.9625, -47.301; 727 m. 23-II-2020, Joao Vitor Oliveira de Souza, 1 (Naturalista). Brotas, Campinas: -22.126, -47.944; 694 m. 26-IV-2019, Cynira Gabriel, 1 (Naturalista). Araras, Faz. S. Cruz Araras: -22.2761, -47.309; 605 m. 3-99-1969, S. S. Nicolay, 1 (USNMENT); 31-99-1969, S. S. Nicolay, 1 y 1 (USNMENT). Rio 77 Claro, Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade: -22.4148, -47.52; 585 m. 20-VII- 2011, Helbert Eduardo Noventa, 1 (Naturalista). Jardín Vila Bela: -22.3955, -47.5456; 634 m. 3-X-2015, André Zambolli, 1 (Naturalista). Río Claro: -22.414, -47.565; 616 m. 4-XI-2015, 1 (Naturalista); 99-99-9999, Rogério Machado, 1 (Naturalista). Jaci, Jaci: -20.884, -49.570; 548 m. 18-I-2019, Roberto Cirino, 1 (Naturalista). Araçariguama, Vale de Bencao: -23.4408, -47.066; 724 m. 10-VI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Cachoeira Paulista, Cachoeira Paulista: -22.823, -44.9023; 952 m. 16-II-2019, Rosa Leticia Pinto, 1 (Naturalista). Itatiba, Itatiba: -22.940, -46.73; 854 m. 27-IV-2019, Eden Fontes, 1 (Naturalista). São Paulo, Copacabana: -23.71, -46.738; 775 m. 27-I-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Guaraparinga: -23.71, -46.738; 775 m. 7-II-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Parque do Ibirapuera: - 23.5914, -46.655; 764 m. 21-IV-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Araçariguama, Jundiaí: -23.23, - 46.955; 1097 m. 12-VI-2018, Fabio Galeano, 1 (Naturalista); 2-III-2020, Bruno Lima, 1 (Naturalista). Pindamonhangaba, Pindamonhangaba: -22.928, -45.4596; 560 m. 12-VI- 2018, Caroline Camargo, 1 (Naturalista). São José dos Campos, São Francisco Xavier: - 22.912, -45.959; 742 m. 3-II-2016, Augusto Rosa, 1 (Naturalista). Sao José dos Campos: -23.256, -45.89; 648 m. 26-X-2018, Ygor Melo, 1 (Naturalista). Teodoro Sampaio, 10- 20 Km. W Teodoro Sampaio: -22.516, -52.2; 387 m. 17-99-1991, Robbins, Mielke & Cassagrande, 4 (USNMENT). RIO DE JANEIRO, Itatiaia, P. N. de Itatiaia: -22.45, - 44.616; 882 m. 15-99-1964, Caldas & Students, 2 (USNMENT); 28-99-1994, Robbins & Caldas, 1 (USNMENT); 5-99-1996, Duarte & Martins, 1 (USNMENT). Sapucaia, Sapucaia: -21.998, -42.7238; 314 m. 16-IV-2017, Ben Phalan, 1 (Naturalista). Petrópolis, Petropolis: -22.512, -43.1778; 827 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Teresópolis, Teresopolis: -22.45, -42.983; 953 m. 3-99-1994, Robbins & Caldas, 1 (USNMENT); 25- 99-1998, Caldas & Robbins, 1 (USNMENT). PARANÁ, Curitiba, Curitiba: -25.435, - 49.218; 900 m. 10-IV-2019, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 14-IV-2019, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista). Jardín Botánico de Curitiba: -25.443, -49.237; 915 m. 20-XII- 2019, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 18-II-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 78 (Naturalista); 9-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 25-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 27-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 30-III- 2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista). Castro, Castro, Paraná: -24.795, -50.004; 996 m. 99-99-9999, 3 (USNMENT). Foz do Iguaçu, Foz do Iguaçu: -25.69, -54.434; 204 m. 18-VI-2017, 1 (Naturalista); 3-I-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Las Cataratas de Iguazú: - 25.680, -54.439; 219 m. 8-I-2014, Nicholas Pollock, 1 (Naturalista). Parque Nacional Iguazú: -25.66, -54.437; 224 m. 3-VIII-2012, Tatyana Kolesnikova, 1 (Naturalista); 3- XII-2019, W. Mason, 1 (Naturalista). Rolândia, Caviuna: -23.316, -51.392; 735 m. 99- IV-1944, Anton Maller, 1 (AMNH); 99-IV-1945, 2 y 1 (AMNH); 99-V-1947, 1 (AMNH). SANTA CATARINA, Jaraguá do Sul, Jaragua do Sul: -26.484, -49.076; 27 m. 99-99-1984, 1 (USNMENT). Joinvile, Joinville: -26.292, -48.846; 7 m. 8-99-1967, Miers, 1 (USNMENT); 17-99-1967, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1982, Robert E. Aronheim, 1 (USNMENT). Laurentino, Laurentino: -27.217, -49.733; 352 m. 99-99-9999, Miguel Angelo Biz, 1 (Naturalista). RIO GRANDE DO SUL, Pelotas, Pelotas: -31.76, -52.336; 10 m. 27-I-1955, C. Biezanko, 1 (AMNH). GUYANA. 6-X-1938, Waramadong B. G, 1 (AMNH). SURINAM. PARA, Oost, Nieuweweg: 5.62, -55.093; 5 m. 26-VI-2015, 1 (Naturalista). FRENCH GUIANA. Point Malmanoury. 20-99-1991, J.-Y. Gallard, 1 (USNMENT). CAYENNE, Remire-Montjoly, Montravel: 4.916, -52.266; 7 m. 4-99-1993, D. J. Harvey, 1 (USNMENT). Sinnamary, Sinnamary: 5.373, -52.95; 4 m. 13-99-1991, J.-Y. Gallard, 1 (USNMENT); 24-99-1988, J.-Y. Gallard, 1 (USNMENT). BOLIVIA. Chapada. 99-99-9999, Jacob Doll, 1 (AMNH). Sta. Cruz. 99-99-9999, 3 (AMNH). 99- 99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). PANDO, Federico Román, Abuna: -11.054, -67.579; 173 m. 15-VI-2019, Cord Eversole, 1 (Naturalista). El BENI, Vaca Díez, Riberalta, Área Protegida Municipal "Aquicuana": -10.885, -65.972; 137 m. 12-IX-2019, Severin te Lindert, 1 (Naturalista). Pollar: -11.378, -65.801; 160 m. 25-VI-2020, 1 (Naturalista). Riberalta: -11.009, -66.0763; 137 m. 16-II-2014, Vincent A. Vos, 1 (Naturalista); 7-VIII- 2016, Vincent A. Vos, 1 (Naturalista)19-IX-2019, Severin te Lindert, 1 (Naturalista). 79 Vaca Díez: -11.3670, -65.78709; 154 m. 25-VI-2020, Vincent A. Vos, 1 (Naturalista). LA PAZ, Abel Iturralde, Heath River Wildlife Center: -12.6796, -68.712; 185 m. 30-X-2014, 1 (Naturalista). Franz Tamayo, Apolo: -14.632, -67.711; 262 m. 14-VIII-2019, Guido Ayala, 1 (Naturalista). José Ballivián: -14.591, -67.5629; 262 m. 6-VIII-2017, 1 (Naturalista). Larecaja, Guanay: -15.533, -67.837; 468 m. 25-IV-2019, David Villalba Vargas, 1 (Naturalista). Yolosani: -15.5829, -67.8019; 738 m. 26-IV-2019, Martin Antonio Apaza Ticona, 1 (Naturalista). Nor Yungas, Caranavi: -15.9244, -67.5658; 925 m. 29-I-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Río San Lorenzo, San Lorenzo Valley: -15.8056, -67.4907; 788 m. 12/19-99-2003, Brian Harris, 1 (USNMENT). Sud Yungas, Chulumani: -16.409, -67.527; 1793 m. 25-99-1989, Ch. Covell, 1 (USNMENT); 27-99-1989, Ch. Covell, 2 (USNMENT). Puente Villa: -16.383, -67.616; 1758 m. 20-99-1989, Ch. Covell, 2 Y 1 (USNMENT). SANTA CRUZ, Ichilo, Tekoati: -17.500, -63.609; 430 m. 31-X-2019, Ramon & Suzanne Vargas, 1 (Naturalista). Chiquitos, Roboré: -18.338, -59.694; 448 m. 26-I- 2019, Ramon & Suzanne Vargas, 1 (Naturalista). PARAGUAY. SAN PEDRO, Nueva Germania, Laguna Blanca: -23.806, -56.28; 210 m. 23-X-2008, Michelle Martin, 1 (Naturalista). CANINDEYÚ, Villa Ygatimí, Villa Ygatimí: -24.132, -55.529; 163 m. 18-IV- 2015, Allan Harris, 1 (Naturalista); 99-99-9999, Danilo Salas, 1 (Naturalista). Reserva Natural Bosque Mbaracayú: -24.13, -55.428; 221 m. 19-IV-2015, Rob Foster, 1 (Naturalista). GUAIRÁ, Villarrica, Villarica: -25.778, -56.44; 180 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (AMNH). PARAGUARÍ, Ybycui, Parque Nacional Ybycui: -26.07, -56.849; 156 m. 23-VII- 2011, Emilio Buongermini, 1 (Naturalista). Paraguarí: -26.075, -56.847; 187 m. 29-III- 2017, James Steamer, 1 (Naturalista). Minas Kue: -26.09, -56.841; 113 m. 12-I-2020, Pamela Table, 1 (Naturalista). ITAPÚA, Tomás Romero Pereira, Itapúa: -26.416, -55.51; 331 m. 25-I-2018, 1 (Naturalista). ARGENTINA. Jujuy Rt. 1, 0-6 km SE Arroyo Agua Caliente. 2-IV-1992, P. DeVries, O. Di Iorio, E. Quinter & D. Yeates, 5 (AMNH). Agua Blanca Rd. to Angosta km. 6-8. 450 m. 22-99-1977, R. C. Eisele, 1 (USNMENT). SALTA, Orán, Orán nr. Aguas Blancas: -22.733, -64.367; 636 m. 21-99-2004, Nancy Vannucci, 1 (USNMENT). JUJUY, Ledesma, Rt. 83, near entrance Parque Nac. 80 Calilegua along Río San Lorenzo: -23.761, -64.8501; 591 m. 13-IV-1992, P. DeVries, O. Di Iorio, E. Quinter & D. Yeates, 1 (AMNH); 31/3-III/IV-1992, P. DeVries, O. Di Iorio, E. Quinter & D. Yeates, Macho 3 (AMNH). San Pedro, San Pedro: -24.228, -64.876; 619 m. 19-99-1978, R. C. Eisele, 1 (USNMENT). TUCUMÁN, Monteros, Acheral-El Mollar, Rt. 307, Km. 22 near "Piedras Colorados": -27.0812, -65.665; 758 m. 6-II-1991, K. Johnson et al., 1 (AMNH). MISIONES, Iguazú, Iguazú: -25.7046, -54.362; 224 m. 28-IX-2011, Martin Arregui, 1 (Naturalista); 24-I-2014, 1 (Naturalista); 14-X-2015, Jeff Harding, 1 (Naturalista); 1-II-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Parque Nacional Iguazú: -25.6833, - 54.4532; 180 m. 26-III-2009, Mauro Bernini, 1 (Naturalista). 16-X-2017, Diego Trillo, 1 (Naturalista); 29-X-2019, Rino Lubatti, 1 (Naturalista); 5-I-2020, Natalie Raeber, 1 (Naturalista); 4-I-2020, 1 (Naturalista); 99-99-9999, Diana Rosellón, 1 (Naturalista). Ruta 101 Km 142, Puerto Iguazú: -25.683, -54.4547; 179 m. 27-XI-2016, Gustavo Fernando Durán, 1 (Naturalista). Ruta 101, Parque Nacional Iguazu: -25.675, - 54.2679; 253 m. 9-X-2013, Nicolas Olejnik, 1 (Naturalista). General Manuel Belgrano, Karadya Nature Reserve: -25.8375, -54.000; 374 m 28-XI-2011, Carmelo López Abad, 1 (Naturalista). Parque Ecológico Urugua-i: -25.857, -54.1687; 279 m. 24-XI-2006, Mike Andersen, 1 (Naturalista); 24-I-2013, Gonzalo Diaz, 1 (Naturalista); 8-III-2020, Taiel Nazar, 1 (Naturalista). Reserva Privada Yacutinga: -25.5816, -54.074; 241 m. 8-XI-2013, Nicolas Olejnik, 1 (Naturalista). Ruta 101: -25.857, -53.975; 345 m. 22-VI-2015, 1 (Naturalista). Cainguás, Cabañas Salto Encantado: -27.0599, -54.825; 429 m. 5-II-2018, Joaquin Valentinuzzi, 1 (Naturalista). Candelaria, Candelaria: -27.3850, -55.593; 113 m. 10-V-2020, Patricio A. Mantinian, 1 (Naturalista). Capital, Posadas: -27.3621, -55.9008; 106 m. 28-X-2018, Juan José Bonamo, 1 (Naturalista). Another material examined (databases). GUATEMALA. 99-99-9999, 1 (CAS). COSTA RICA. 99-99-9999, 1 (CAS). LIMON, Limon, R.B. Hitoy Cerere, Sendero Toma de Agua: 9.675, -83.026; 105.m. 99-VIII-1993, Gerardo Carballo, (INBio). PUNTARENAS, Osa, Ciudad Pto. Cortés, Finca Hermanos Flores, La Ceiba.: 8.995, -83.516; 53 m. 99-I-2006, José Montero, (INBio). EL SALVADOR. 99-99-9999, 4 (CAS). COLOMBIA. Colombia. 99- 81 99-9999-, 1 (RMNH.INSS). 99-99-9999, 1 (CAS). SANTANDER, Los Santos, Vereda La Mojarra, Polígono 5 Estación 10, Transecto 2, Zona Media 2: 6.7742, -73.072; 1134 m. 99-99-9999, Combita, J.L. y Ardila, G.Y., (IAvH). BOGOTÁ D.C., Bogotá D.C., Bogotá: 4.710, -74.072; 2554 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (RMNH. INS). CAQUETÁ, Solano, Río Mesay. 250 m. 99-99-9999, Gast, F, 1 (IAvH). VENEZUELA. BOLÍVAR, Cedeño, Suapure: 7.23, -65.166, 54 m. 2-I-1900, 1 (MCZ-ENT). San Martin, Campamento Cecilia Magdalena, Rio Caura: 6.5, -64.75; 51 m. 99-IV-1957, Czeslaw M. Biezanko, 1 (MCZ- ENT). SURINAM. Plantage, Overtoom. 6-99-1966, J. J. van Heurn, 1 (RMNH. INS). PARA, Zuid, Maréchal Creek: 5.4613, -55.2417; 23 m. 25-99-1962, Geyskes, 1 (RMNH. INS). FRENCH GUIANA. Galion Roura. 4-99-2013, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). Montravel Rémire: 17-99-1990, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). Rochambeau Matoury. 17- 99-2013, 1 (CB); 29-99-2013, 1 (CB); 8-99-2014, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB); 26-99-2014, 1 (CB); 27-99-217, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB); 29-99-2017, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). CAYENE, Macouria, Larivot Macouria: 4.9146, -52.368; 9 m. 20-99- 2007, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). Roura, Cacao Roura: 4.5479, -52.4925; 15 m. 12-99- 2011, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). Saint-Georges, Saint Georges de l'Oyapock: 3.892, - 51.807; 7 m. 6-99-1984, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). Sinnamary, Sinnamary: 5.3735, - 52.954; 4 m. 25-99-1990; Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB); 28-99-1990, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB); 7-99-1991, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). SAINT LAURENT DU MARONI, Saint Laurent du Maroni, Saint Laurent du Maroni: 5.4016, -54.076; 18. m. 3-99-2015, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). PERU. 99-99-9999, 2 (CAS). 23-99-1984, L. H. Ramaker, 1 (RMNH. INS). LORETO, Maynas, Iquitos, Iquitos: -3.752, -73.250; 94 m. 99-99-9999, T. Kenshaw, 1 (MCZ-ENT). BOLIVIA. SANTA CRUZ, Ichilo, Yapacaní, Rio Songo: - 16.364, -64.401; 201 m. 99-99-9999, Anton Heinrich Hermann Fassl, 2 (MCZ-ENT). BRAZIL. Brasil, 99-99-9999, 5 (RMNH.INS). 99-99-9999, 1 (CAS). Est. Minas. 99-I- 1933, José Blaser, 1 (MCZ-ENT). Río. 25-I-1975, 1 (MCZ-ENT). AMAZONAS. Boa Vista do Ramos, Lago Preto, Amazonas: -3.212, -57.941; 5 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (MCZ- 82 ENT). RIO DE JANEIRO, Cantagalo, Cantagalo: -21.975104, -42.366; 534 m. 99-99-9999, Thayer Expedition, 1 (MCZ-ENT). SANTA CATARINA. Blumenau, Blumenau, Blumenau: -26.864, -49.115; 33 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (MCZ-ENT). Seara, Nova Teutonia, Nova Teutonia: -27.161, -52.416; 341 m. 2-III-1963, Czeslaw M. Biezanko & Fritz Plaumann, 1 (MCZ-ENT); 9-IV-1963, Czeslaw M. Biezanko, 1 (MCZ-ENT). RIO GRANDE DO SUL, Pelotas, Vila Princesa: -31.614, -52.299; 24 m. 8-III-1956, Czeslaw M. Biezanko, 1 (MCZ-ENT); 21-IV-1958, Czeslaw M. Biezanko, 1 (MCZ-ENT); 11-IV- 1959, Czeslaw M. Biezanko, 1 (MCZ-ENT); 18-IV-1960, Czeslaw M. Biezanko, 1 (MCZ-ENT). CHILE. 99-99-9999, 1 (CAS). PARAGUAY. Numbucu. 99-III-9999, Donald S. Wees, 1 (MCZ-ENT). S. Cajarville, R. Iguaja. 99-XII-1960, Czeslaw M. Biezanko, 1 (MCZ-ENT). Lasaia agesilas callaina Clench, 1972 Lasaia agesilas callaina Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10 (2): 177 Figs. 15-21 Type locality: Mexico, San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles Distribution: Mexico to Costa Rica Host plants: Inga oerstediana Lasaia agesilas callaina: Clench, 1972; De la Maza, J. & de la Maza, R., 1985a, 1985b; De la Maza, 1987; De la Maza & White, 1990; Raguso & Llorente-Bousquets, 1990; Luis- Martínez et al., 1991; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1991; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1996; DeVries, 1997; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1999; Monteagudo et al., 2001; Salinas-Gutiérrez et al., 2004; Llorente- Bousquets et al., 2004; Garwood & Lehman, 2005; Luis-Martínez et al., 2005; Llorente-Bousquets et al., 2006; Luna-Reyes et al., 2012; Miller et al., 2012; Warren et al., 2017; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2018; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2019; Llorente-Bousquets et al., 2019; Luis-Martínez et al., 2021; Gallardo, 2023 Description ♂ Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and black, short sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part, presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region its pale brown. White palps, with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 16A- 16D) Antennas. Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 17A-17B). Legs. Prothoracic of white color, and second and 83 third of white/cream color. Thorax. Metallic blue/green coloration on dorsal view. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 15). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small black and white cilias. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots, with black scales above veins. Presence of postmedial spots, those below M3, are faded or absents. Presence of whitish/blue costal spots (2-3). Presence of medial spots in the medial region, those below Cu1, are faded or absent. The medial spots that are located between costal margin and M3 are darker. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small white and brown cilias. Marginal region with rounded spots, with black/brown scales above the veins. Presence of three thick spots between Sc+R1-M2 (postmedial region). Presence of brown scales with a black spot between Sc+R1-R veins, in the submedial region. Wings (ventral view). HW. (Fig. 15). Background coloration white with brown. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots. Brown coloration with some metallic blue scales near at tornus of the postmedial region. Presence of postmedial band, the outer edge is regularly linear. Brown coloration in the submedial region. Presence of discal spot, linear shaped. FW. Background coloration white with brown. Marginal region with rounded spots. Postmedial region is brown with metallic blue coloration. Presence of postmedial band, the outer edge is linear. Presence of three spots between Sc+R1-M1 (postmedial region. Brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs, in the submedial region. Presence of submedial spot. Brown coloration in the postbasal region between Sc+R1-Rs. Abdomen. Metallic blue/green coloration in dorsal view, and brown in ventral; pale brown scales in distal region (Fig. 17C). Genitalia ♂ (Fig. 18). Uncus unlobed, almost plane, with a small groove in the middle; tegumen presents a trapezoidal shape, sclerotized, with a “window” between the uncus and the falces; falces sclerotized, thick, curved and projected forward; vinculum semicurved, forming and obtuse angle near the tegumen; aedeagus slightly curved, sclerotized, base (near frenum) thicker; frenum short and thicker; upper and lower membranous valves without spines and with filaments; bulla scobinata sensu Clench bell shaped, big; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis ♂. L. agesilas callaina could be confused with L. sula spp. by the color and some cases by size; however, L. a. callaina exhibits a well-marked medial macule, while the other two species, does not have; also, the size of L. a. callaina is bigger than the other two. Description ♀ Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Palps with white and some brown scales, mainly on the tip. Frons with white and brown scales. Ocular ring with white 84 and brown scales. Antennas. Metallic black/blue with some ringed white scales. Thorax. Brown scales in dorsal region, and white in ventral. Legs. All legs present white scales. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW). (Fig. 19). Background coloration brown, with black/brown spots typical of the genus. Marginal region with rounded spots of similar sizes. Postmedial region exhibits a series of spots of different sizes; those located near apex, limited between R3–M2, are broader and have a trapezoidal shape; and those located between M2– 1A+2A, are thin and linear shaped. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibit linear shaped spots typical of the genus. Absence of discal spot. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown, with presence of black/brown spots typical of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of different sizes, since apex to tornus. The spots located between Sc+R1–M2 (postmedial region), have a trapezoidal shape and are broader of the rest. Submedial and postbasal regions present lineal spots. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 19). Background coloration pale brown/cream, with presence of black/brown spots typical of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar sizes with an exception that are located between Cu2–1A+2A veins, are larger compared to the rest. Postmedial region exhibits a series of spots of different sizes; those located near at apex, limited between R3– M2 veins, are broader and have a trapezoidal shape, those located between M2–1A+2A veins, are thin and linear shaped. Submedial and postbasal regions present linear spots. FW. Background coloration pale brown/cream, with black/brown spots typical of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of different sizes, those between M1–M2 and Cu2–1A+2A s, are larger compared to the rest. Postmedial region exhibits a series of spots of different sizes, those located near at apex, limited between Sc+R1–M2, are broader and have a trapezoidal shape, and those between M2–1A+2A are thinner and linear shaped. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, with linear spots. Abdomen. Brown scales in dorsal region, and cream with white scales in ventral view. Genitalia ♀ (Fig. 20). Corpus bursae thick, mushroom-shaped, without signa; ductus bursae slightly widened in the region near at corpus bursae, and thinner in the region near ostium bursae, approximately 2 times as long as the corpus bursae; in ventral view, is located on the left region of the sternum; sternites 7 and 8 are completely sclerotized and 6 partially. Diagnosis. L. a. callaina can be confused with L. sula spp. and L. sessilis, however, it could be separated from L. sula spp. by the coloration, since in L. a. callaina, the coloration (brown) 85 its similar throughout the wing (dorsal view), while in ventral view the coloration is lighter. The absence of discal spot in L. a. callaina. The spots of the postmedial region in the hindwings, are less thick in L. a. callaina compared with L. sula spp. and thicker compared to L. sessilis. Material examined (Fig. 21). MEXICO. México. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). SINALOA. Mazatlán, Paco's Nature Reserve: 23.299, -106.4434; 19 m. 5-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista). NAYARIT. COMPOSTELA, Compostela: 21.185, -105.2216; 90 m. 30-VII-1932, 1 (AMNH); 6-VIII-1932, 1 (AMNH); 10- VIII-1932, 1 (AMNH); 28-VIII-1932, 1 (AMNH); 30-VIII-1932, 2 (AMNH); 10- IX-1932, 1 (AMNH); 18-IX-1932, 1 (AMNH); 20-IX-1932, 1 (AMNH); 24-IX- 1932, 2 (AMNH); 18-X-1932, 1 (AMNH); 30-X-1932, 1 (AMNH); 28-VIII-1933, 1 (AMNH); 20-IX-1933, 1 (AMNH). Rosamorada, San Miguelito: 22.1077, - 105.3216; 10 m. 12-IX-2018, Raúl García, 1 , (Naturalista). San Blas, La Yerba: 21.5111, -105.0597; 795 m. 12-IX-1979, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 9-IX- 1980, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 3 , (MZFC). Mecatán: 21.51527, -105.1136; 527 m. 1-X-1996, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 , (MZFC). Tepic, Arroyo del Refilón, Tepic: 21.5, -104.9; 954 m. 23-IX-1963, A. Villalobos, 1 , (CNIN). Xalisco, Palapita: 21.4116, -105.0580; 685 m. 5-XII-1979, Eduardo González Fernández, 2 , (MZFC); 6- XII-1979, Eduardo González Fernández, 2 (MZFC). JALISCO. Autlán de Navarro, Ahuacapán: 19.6516, -104.312; 136 m. 26-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 22-IX-1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña M., 1 , (MZFC); 5-XII-1995, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 1 (MZFC). Cabo Corrientes, Camino a Chacala, Km. 3: 20.3412, -105.349; 597 m. 19-I-2020, Rachel Kolokoff Hopper, 1 (Naturalista). Casimiro Castillo, La Calera: 19.6752, -104.4344; 543 m. 25-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 16-X-1992, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 , (MZFC). La Calera, 10 Mi. S. Cumbre de Autlan: 19.57583, -104.4158; 615 m. 99-99-1966, Peter Hubbell, 2 (AMNH). COLIMA. Colima, Colima: 19.2436, - 103.7308; 485 m. 99-X-9999, 1 , (AMNH). Minatitlán, Platanarillo: 19.4005, -103.9722; 86 946 m. 21-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 22- X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 6 (MZFC); 23-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 7 (MZFC); 17-XI-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 28-IX-1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña M., 2 (MZFC); 29-IX-1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña M., 4 (MZFC). Villa de Álvarez, Agua Dulce: 19.2666, -103.8830; 931 m. 21-X- 1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 , (MZFC). MICHOCÁN. Apatzingán, Chiquihuitillo: 19.0066, -102.335; 272 m. 6-I-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-VIII-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-VIII- 1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 26-VIII-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 9-V-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18-VII-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-IX-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 10-VIII-1998, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Aquila, Zapotán: 18.6786, -103.5733; 618 m. 4-IX-1982, Sergio Hernández Tobías, 1 , (MZFC). Arteaga, La Vanillera. 9-I-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 17-X-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-XI-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). La Huerta, Los Pozos: 18.2869, -102.465; 1017 m. 16-X-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 , (MZFC); 11-XI-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Rancho "El Zorrillo": 18.2822, -102.2763; 740 m. 4-IX-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-IX-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-X-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 y 2 (MZFC). Rancho Nuevo: 18.4677, -102.0708; 48 m. 14-IX-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). GUERRERO. Atoyac de Álvarez, Puente de los Lugardo: 17.325, -100.245; 922 m. 29-X-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-1984, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 21-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 4 (MZFC); 28-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 26-X-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 29-XI-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Las Parotas: 17.2077, -100.4672; 37 87 m. 19-IX-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 25-XI-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Río Santiago: 17.243, - 100.3055; 781 m. 20-VII-1984, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 22-VII-1984, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 25-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 3 (MZFC); 26-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 5 (MZFC); 27-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 5 (MZFC); 27-VII-1984, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 28-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 6 (MZFC); 17-IX-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 8-XII-1984, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 1-V-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 2-V-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 5-VII-1985, Gregorio Rodríguez, 3 (MZFC); 5-VII-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 5-VIII-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 9-IX-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 9-IX-1985, Gregorio Rodríguez, 1 (MZFC); 10-IX-1985, Gregorio Rodríguez, 1 (MZFC); 10-IX-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 22-X-1985, Gregorio Rodríguez1 (MZFC); 22-X-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC); 23-X-1985, Gregorio Rodríguez, 3 (MZFC); 23-X-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 27-X-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 24-XI-1985, Gregorio Rodríguez, 1 (MZFC); 24-X-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 3 ; 26-XI-1985, Gregorio Rodríguez, 1 (MZFC);26-XI-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 20-I-1987, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 21-I-1987, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Ayutla de los Libres, San Felipe: 16.9696, -99.0942; 378 m. 6-XI-2018, José Morales, 1 , (Naturalista). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Agua de Obispo: 17.3169, -99.48; 903 m. 99-VII-1932, C. C. 88 Hoffmann, 2 (AMNH); 99-VII-1937, P. Roveglia, 2 (CNIN). Mochitlán, Acahuizotla: 17.345, -99.4478; 670 m. 99-XI-1966, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 7-VII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (CNIN). OAXACA. Oaxaca. 99-99-1979, Phil Mays, 1 , (USNMENT). Candelaria. 500 m. 15-X- 1967, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 1-XI-1967, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). Ayotzintepec, San Martín Soyolapan, Valle Nacional: 17.6675, -96.2658; 865 m. 5-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 13-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Soyolapan el Bajo: 17.695, -96.2730; 148 m. 1-X-1961, E. C. Welling, 2 (AMNH); 8-X-1961, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 27-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Candelaria Loxicha, Candelaria Loxicha: 15.9262, -96.4914; 508 m. 16-99-1969, 1 (USNMENT); 26-99-1969, 1 (USNMENT); 1-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 14-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 4-99-1974, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 8-99-1974, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 19-VII-1983, Jean Michel Maes, 1 (Naturalista); 24-IX- 1988, G. Almarez, 1 (MZFC); 99-X-1988, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 99-X-1988, C. Almaraz, 2 (MZFC) 99-VII-1990, 1 (MZFC); 99-VII-1990, John Kemner, (MZFC). Candelaria Loxicha, 2 mi N: 15.9530, -96.5080; 749 m. 22-XI-1989, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). El Azulillo: 15.8911, -96.4977; 402 m. 24-IX-2007, Marysol Trujano Ortega, 1 (MZFC); 24-IX-2007, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 24-IX-2007, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 29-XI-2007, Marysol Trujano Ortega, 1 (MZFC); 22-V-2008, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 24-VIII-2008, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 27-VIII-2008, Omar Ávalos Hernández, 1 (MZFC); 20-X-2008, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 22-X-2008, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 3-VII-2011, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 1 (MZFC); 3-VII-2011, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 8-VII-2011, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 1 (MZFC); 10-VII-2011, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 10-VII-2011, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 2-VIII-2011, Omar 89 Ávalos Hernández, 1 (MZFC); 3-VIII-2011, Omar Ávalos Hernández, 1 (MZFC); 11- X-2011, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 9-IX-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC). Matías Romero Avendaño, Matías Romero: 16.8786, -95.0347; 201 m. 99-99-9999, Juan Carlos García Morales, 1 (Naturalista). San Carlos Yautepec, Istmo: 15.9916, -95.9108; 454 m. 99-VIII-1971, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). Pluma Hidalgo, 3 mi N de Candelaria Loxicha: 15.9443, -96.4696; 640 m. 29-X-1989, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Magdalena, El Lirio: 15.91944, -96.3925; 743 m. 19-X-2012, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 20-X-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 21-X-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 2 , (MZFC). Putla Villa de Guerrero, El Sesteadero: 16.9585, -97.9138; 757 m. 9-IX-2017, Jesús Cortes, 1 (Naturalista). Gregorio Álvarez: 17.0449, -97.8946; 767 m. 14-VII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Santiago Comaltepec, Puerto Eligio: 17.7036, -96.3055; 668 m. 99-VIII-1963, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). Metates: 17.6661, -96.3133; 651 m. 99-V-1992, 2 (MZFC). San Jerónimo Coatlán, San Gabriel Mixtepec, ±5 mi N de, Sierra Madre del Sur: 16.1441, -96.9558; 1027 m. 11-VII- 1991, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC). San José Chiltepec, Naranjal Chiltepec: 17.8522, - 96.1197; 584 m. 10-VI-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 9-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 5-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 10-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 25-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec: 18.0635, -96.1473; 20 m. 28-VII-2019, Norma García, 1 , (Naturalista). San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional, Valle Nacional: 17.7519, -96.2877; 119 m. 2-VIII-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 31-99-1966, Alfred B. Lau, 1 (USNMENT). Rancho Ojoche, Valle Nacional: 17.8125, -96.2883; 335 m. 13-VI-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). San Juan Bautista: 17.7167, -96.4128; 437 m. 15-VI-2018, 1 (Naturalista). San Mateo Piñas, Copalita, Río Copalita: 15.969, -96.28; 518 m. 24-VII- 2008, Marisol Esther Almaraz Almaraz, 1 (MZFC); 23-VIII-2008, Marisol Esther Almaraz Almaraz, 1 (MZFC); 25-X-2008, Marisol Esther Almaraz Almaraz, Macho, (MZFC). Santa Cruz Itundujia, Santa Cruz Itundujia: 16.7150, -97.6802; 684 m. 23-X-2013, 90 Kenia Velasco G., 1 (Naturalista). Santa María Chimalapa, La Gringa, Santa Maria Chimalapa: 17.1033, -93.89; 465 m. 27-IX-1995, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez & Mauro Omar Vences Blanco, 2 (MZFC). Santa María Huatulco, Rancho Hagia Sofía: 15.8669, - 96.3652; 338 m. 10-X-2011, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 1 (MZFC); 10-X-2011, Omar Ávalos Hernández, 2 (MZFC); 26-VII-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 6-IX-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 2 (MZFC); 6-IX-2012, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 6-IX-2012, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 6- IX-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 10-IX-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC); 13-IX-2012, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 13- IX-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC); 13-IX-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 16-X-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 16-X- 2012, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 19-X-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC); 21-X-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC); 21-X-2012, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 28-V-2013, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 30-V-2013, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 9-IX-2013, Jessica Hernández Jerónimo, 1 (MZFC). Santa María Huazolotitlán, Pinotepa-Putla, cerca de Zacatepec: 16.3, -98; 46 m. 20-VII-1992, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Santa María Jacatepec, Jacatepec: 17.8269, -96.2022; 324 m. 8-IX-1974, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). San José Chiltepec: 17.9119, -96.165; 37 m. 1-VIII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-III-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 22-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 6 (MZFC); 8-IX-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 99-99-9999, 1 (CNIN). Santiago Atitlán, Estancia de Morelos, distrito Mixe. 1-IX-2009, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Santiago Yaveo, Cerro Armadillo: 17.41, -95.6827; 228 m. 27-VII-1984, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 19-VIII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Villa De Tututepec, La Luz: 16.1105, -97.5965; 57 m. 14-IX-2019, Ingrid Olivera Vásquez, 1 (Naturalista). CHIAPAS. “Morelia”. 12-VII-1930, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 , (AMNH). La Granja. 99-VII- 91 1930, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 , (AMNH). Puerto Nuevo. 20-VII-1930, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 , (AMNH). San Jerónimo. 600 m. 18-VII-1972, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 29-VII-1972, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 18-VIII-1972, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 29-VII-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH). Acala, Acala: 16.5363, -92.8231; 417 m. 22-VII-2017, Cristian Olvera, 1 , (Naturalista). Emiliano Zapata, Centro Ecoturístico Rancho San Joaquín: 16.5758, -92.8657; 418 m. 22-VII-2017, Carlos Iturbe-Morgado, 1 , (Naturalista). Huixtla, Río Huixtla, 7 mi N Huixtla: 15.1830, -92.4319; 422 m. 7-VIII-1988, John Kemner, 1 , (MZFC). La Trinitaria, Montebello: 16.1119, -91.64; 1399 m. 99-VII- 1990, J. L. Saldaña M., 2 y 2 , (CNIN). Las Margaritas, Santa Rosa: 16.4927, -91.7663; 1858 m. 99-VII-1990, J. L. Saldaña M., 2 , (CNIN). Marqués de Comillas, Ejido La Gloria, Río Lacantún: 16.1491, -90.8619; 180 m. 99-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 , (MZFC).Motozintla, El Zapote: 15.245, -92.3922; 735 m. 3-VII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 19-VII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 23-VII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 4-VIII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 5-VIII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 11-VIII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 14-VIII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 16-VIII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH); 18-VIII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 , (AMNH). Ocosingo, Camino a Tonina: 16.9066 -91.9563; 882 m. 14-VII- 1991, John Kemner & Romack, 2 , (MZFC). Frontera Corozal: 16.8224, -90.8870; 100 m. 20-VII-2019, Silvano L. G., 1 , (Naturalista). El Bethel-Lacanjá: 16.9319, -91.1716; 510 m. 31-VII-1988, John Kemner, 1 , (MZFC). Palenque-Ocosingo, km 95, s/carretera: 16.8969, -91.9; 1062 m. 14-VII-1987, John Kemner, 1 , (MZFC); 15-VII-1981, John Kemner, 1 , (MZFC); 16-VII-1991, John Kemner & Romack, 1 (MZFC). Pista Yaxchilán: 16.9, -90.97; 139 m. 21-VIII-1998, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez & Ubaldo Melo Samper Palacios, 1 , (MZFC). Ostuacán, Acuagranjas Dos Lagos: 17.5187, -93.4936; 40 m. 6-X-2016, 1 , (Naturalista). Reforma, Reforma: 17.8677, -93.1467; 20 m. 1-VIII-2017, John Arias, Macho, (Naturalista). Tapachula, El Chaparrón: 14.9771, -92.2418; 396 m. 7- VI-2007, Benigno Gómez y Gómez, 1 , (Naturalista). Tapachula, Tapachula: 14.8705, - 92.253; 103 m. 8-XII-1930, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH); 99-VIII-1967, Alberto Díaz 92 Francés, 1 , (CNIN). Tuzantán, Huixtla: 15.1311, -92.4469; 39 m. 8-VIII-1988, John Kemner, 1 , (MZFC). Unión Juárez, San Jerónimo, vic. Tacana Volcano: 15.0386, -92.12; 767 m. 7-VIII-1970, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 14-VIII-1970, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 25-VIII-1970, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 2-X-1970, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH), 5-XI-1970, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 23-VIII-1971, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 30-VIII-1971, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH), 1-IX-1971, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). TABASCO. Teapa, Cerro del Coconá: 17.5597, -92.8797; 40 m. 16-IX-1995, O. Robert, 2 (MZFC); 16-IX-1995, Ines Villegas, 1 (MZFC). Tenosique, Tepescuintle: 17.4172, -91.3838; 52 m. 11-X-1962, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 15-X-1962, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 20-X-1962, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). VERACRUZ. Río Blanco. 670 m. 10-VI-1941, J. & R. Potts, 2 (AMNH). Alvarado, Camaronera: 18.8681, -95.9250; 0 m. 4-X-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Amatlán De Los Reyes, Amatlán de los Reyes: 18.8494, -96.9; 717 m. 99-99-1906, 1 (NMNH). Catemaco, Bastonal: 18.3830, -94.933; 918 m. 99-VIII-1991, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-X-1991, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Catemaco: 18.4191, -95.0997; 347 m. 99-99-1986, C. Velázquez, 1 (CNIN). Cuetzalapan: 18.3758, -95.0138; 340 m.29-VI-1966, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-VII- 1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 3 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 2 (CNIN); 12-VIII- 1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 20-VIII-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-99- 1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 5 (CNIN); 3-VII, 1983, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Región de Catemaco: 18.375, -94.9861; 514 m. 99-VI-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Coatepec, Coatepec: 19.453, -96.9566; 1186 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Córdoba, Río Seco, Peñuelos: 18.9163, -96.9330; 880 m. 17-IX-1955, C. Velázquez, 1 (CNIN). Cosoleacaque, El Naranjito: 17.9942, -94.6042; 8 m. 17-X-2019, Daniel Junco, 1 (Naturalista). Ixhuatlán del Café, Presidio: 19.0694, -96.971; 1306 m. 99-VI-1939, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH); 99-IX-1939, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH); 99-VII-1954, T. Escalante, 1 (AMNH). Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 19.0655, -96.934; 925 m. 99-VII- 1951, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 y (MZFC); 99-VIII-1954, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 93 (MZFC). Juchique de Ferrer, Río Seco. 24-VIII-1953, 1 (CNIN). Minatitlán, Rancho Nuevo Carrizal: 18.0555, -94.5674; 5 m. 15-VII-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Misantla, Misantla: 19.888, -96.8175; 599 m. 99-VII-1911, Gugelmann, 1 (AMNH). Oluta, Acayucan: 17.905, -94.866; 86 m. 14-99-1984, William H. Howe, 1 (USNMENT). Papantla, Zona Arqueológica el Tajín: 20.4491, -97.3768; 137 m. 8-VII-2018, Blanca Zapata, 1 (Naturalista). San Andrés Tuxtla, Salto de Eyipantla: 18.372, -95.191; 179 m. 26-VIII-1980, 1 (MZFC). San Juan Evangelista, San Juan Evangelista: 17.893, -95.0545; 92 m. 14-XI-2019, Luis Angel Aguilar Orea, 1 (Naturalista). Santiago Tuxtla, Cerro El Vigía, Santiago Tuxtla: 18.4369, -95.335; 247 m. 25-VIII-1982, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 17-IX-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-1984, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-VIII-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Popocatépetl: 18.493, -95.3013; 317 m. 20-VII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 15-VI-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Tapalapan: 18.5119, -95.2894; 340 m. 30-VII- 1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 10-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-VII- 1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-VIII-1982, L. Gutiérrez, 1 (MZFC); 25-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-X-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Soteapan, Soteapan: 18.2325, -94.87; 402 m. 99-99-1985, 4 y 6 (USNMENT). Tezonapa, Motzorongo: 18.6444, -96.7316; 259 m. 99-99-1906, R. Müller, 1 (USNMENT). Tuxpan, Tuxpan: 20.9538, -97.3229; 1 m. 18-IV-2016, Moisés Rivera Rodríguez, 1 (Naturalista); 19-VIII-2017, Mauricio Hernández Sánchez, 1 (Naturalista); 2-VI-2018, Blanca Zapata, 1 (Naturalista); 2-VII-2018, Mauricio Hernández Sánchez, 1 (Naturalista). Uxpanapa, Cerro Blanco: 17.2266, -94.1430; 364 m. 99-V-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 y 1 (CNIN). Veracruz, Barranca de Cayoapa, Tejería: 19.2066, -96.273; 31 m. 29-VII-1978, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 94 (MZFC); 17-VIII-1980, Alma Garcés Médina, 2 (MZFC); 18-IX-1980, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 8-VI-1981, Alma Garcés Médina, 1 (MZFC); 4-VIII- 1981, Alma Garcés Médina, 1 (MZFC). Paso de San Juan: 19.1958, -96.294; 20 m. 99- 99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Xico, Cascada Texolo, Xico: 19.4015, -96.9945; 1105 m. 29- IX-2017, Adrián Romo García, 1 (Naturalista). HIDALGO. Huejutla de Reyes, Huejutla de Reyes: 21.1603, -98.3863; 117 m. 6-IX-2008, Eduardo Axel Recillas Bautista, 1 (Naturalista). Lolotla, Molango, 10 km N: 20.89, -98.6963; 1684 m. 20-VIII-1988, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 , (MZFC). Tlanchinol, Tlanchinol: 20.9890, -98.6589; 1539 m. 15-IX-1993, L. Godínez, 1 (MZFC). PUEBLA. Jopala, Barranca de Patla: 20.2252, - 97.8519; 777 m. 2-XI-1971, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-X-1977, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18-XII-1977, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 16-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-VIII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 23-VIII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 9-VIII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 20-VI-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (MZFC). Xicotepec, Xicotepec: 20.302776993, -98.023359552; 1172 m. 5-VII-2019, Nathan Zárate, 1 (Naturalista). Zapotiltán de Méndez, Zapotiltán de Méndez: 20.0075, -97.7148; 777 m. 18-IX-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Zihuateutla, Tequezquitla: 20.25, -97.883; 677 m. 30-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 6-VIII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-VIII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 14-VIII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 17-X-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 5 (MZFC); 2-XI-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 22-IV-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 29-VII-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 12-VIII-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 99-V-1980, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 15-VI-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 23-VIII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 95 15-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 16-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 15-VIII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. Arroyo del Calabazas. 76 m. 30-X-1941, J. & R. Potts, 1 (AMNH). El Benito, Valles. 45 m. 30-X-1941, J. & R. Potts, 1 (AMNH). Tlamaya Canyon, 2 mi E. of Xilitla. 29-99-1973, W. Howe, 1 (USNMENT). Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles: 22.0019, -99.0015; 115 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (Naturalista). El Naranjo, El Naranjo: 22.5656, -99.3582; 339 m. 14-VIII-2007, Ron Savage, 1 (Naturalista). Tamasopo, Tamasopo: 21.9309, - 99.4158; 453 m. 15-VII-2019, Carlos G. Velasco Macías, 1 (Naturalista). Tamazunchale, 10 mi SW Tamazunchale: 21.2166, -98.861; 625 m. 12-99-1972, G. F. & S. Hevel, 1 , (USNMENT). El Sol, Tamazunchale: 21.2830, -98.7997; 313 m. 31-IV-1941, J. & R. Potts, 1 , (AMNH). La Mera Ceiba: 21.2077, -98.8158; 469 m. 13-X-1990, John Kemner, 1 , (MZFC). Palitla: 21.2719, -98.7519; 145 m. 28-II-1987, 1 (MZFC). Quinta Chilla: 21.255, -98.8013; 265 m. 11-XII-1971, W. H. Howe, 1 (AMNH). Tamazunchale: 21.2558, -98.7841; 117 m. 21-IX-1978, William Howe, 2 (AMNH). Tamuín, Tamuín: 22.0417, - 98.8678; 55 m. 30-VIII-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Venado, Cañón Laurel, Río Axtla: 22.9363, -101.1875; 2000 m. 27-VIII-1978, William Howe, 1 (AMNH). Xilitla, Cañón Tlamaya, Tamazunchale: 21.4352, -99.0041; 597 m. 22-VIII-1979, William Howe, 1 (AMNH). TAMAULIPAS. Gómez Farías, Reserva de la Biosfera "El Cielo": 23.0542, -99.1783; 879 m. 17-X-2006, Steven Daniel, 1 (Naturalista). Victoria, Río Santa Ana: 23.8576, - 99.2511; 317 m. 23-V-2015, Claudio Cantú Muñiz, 1 , (Naturalista). Xicoténcatl, El Nacimiento, cerca de Gómez Farías: 23.003, -98.866; 103 m. 5-VI-1992, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). NUEVO LEÓN. 18 mi. W Antiguos Morelos. 28-99-1969, J. Doyen, 1 (USNMENT). QUINTANA ROO. Solidaridad, Solidaridad: 20.6555, -87.0412; 0 m. 4-XII- 2019, 1 (Naturalista). Playa del Carmen: 20.6315, -87.068; 10 m. 25-XII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). YUCATÁN. Tinum, Pisté: 20.6719, -88.5666; 20 m. 3-VIII-1959, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 31-VII-1979, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (MZFC). GUATEMALA. 99-99-9999, 5 (USNMENT). 99-99-9999, W. Schaus, 1 (USNMENT). ESCUINTLA, Santa Lucia Cotzumalguapa, Finca La Gracia: 14.3969, - 96 91.0910; 419 m. 17-V-2020, Heidi V., 1 , (Naturalista); 22-VI-2020, Heidi V., 1 (Naturalista). Escuintla, Escuintla: 14.3008, -90.7884; 341 m. 99-99-9999, 2 , (USNMENT). SANTA ROSA, Pueblo Nuevo Viñas, Aldea Ixpaco, Santa Rosa: 14.1885, - 90.4286; 1139 m. 19-IX-2015, Jiichiro Yoshimoto, 1 , (JY). Taxisco, Finca Manantiel: 14.1232, -90.4435; 901 m. 2-IX-2017, Jiichiro Yoshimoto, 1 (JY). EL SALVADOR. Los Chorros. 11-99-1975, 1 , (USNMENT); 15-99-1975, 1 (USNMENT). SANTA ANA, Candelaria de la Frontera, Candelaria de la Frontera: 14.0840, -89.6700; 971 m. 11-VII- 2017, Kevin Enrique Clavel, 1 (Naturalista). CUSCATLAN, Suchitoto, Las Cotorras: 14.0166, -89.1380; 263 m. 25-VI-2020, Henry Fabian, 1 , (Naturalista). Suchitoto: 13.8743, -89.0657; 653 m. 18-VI-2018, 1 , (Naturalista). LA LIBERTAD, Antiguo Cuscatlan, Antiguo Cuscatlán: 13.6898, -89.2516; 858 m. 3-VII-2019, 1 , (Naturalista). SAN SALVADOR, San Salvador, San Salvador: 13.6937, -89.2191; 725 m. 21-99-1970, 1 , (USNMENT). HONDURAS. Honduras. 99-99-9999, 4 (USNMENT); 99-99-9999, 1 (RMNH. INS). Rio Cangreja, La Ceiba. 12-99-1980, Robert D. Lehman, 1 , (USNMENT). CORTES, San Pedro Sula, San Pedro Sula: 15.5010, -88.0138; 64 m. 10-99- 1972, Robert D. Lehman, 1 , (USNMENT). SANTA BARBARA, Santa Barbara, Gualjoco: 14.9583, -88.2339; 250m. 3-XI-2019, Maryuri Reyes, 1 , (Naturalista). COMAYAGUA, La Libertad, La Libertad: 14.7562, -87.6064; 505 m. 28-VI-1933, 1-VII- 1933, J. B Edwards, 1 , (MCZ-ENT); 1-VII-1933, J. B Edwards, 1 , (MCZ-ENT). LA PAZ, Santa Elena, Morazán: 13.9901, -88.1451; 919 m. 23-VI-2016, 1 , (Naturalista). FRANCISCO MORAZAN, San Antonio de Oriente, Zamorano Univ., Finca Santa Inés: 13.9875, -86.9792; 771 m. 2-VIII-2018, Oliver Komar, 1 , (Naturalista). 9-IX-2018, Melany Gutierrez, 1 , (Naturalista). COSTA RICA. GUANACASTE, La Cruz, Amonias: 11.0424, -85.4033; 383 m. 6-99-2007, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, 1 , (USNMENT); 17-99-2007, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, 1 , (USNMENT). Quebrada Lajosa: 11.033, - 85.429; 403.3 m. 14-99-2008, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, 1 , (USNMENT); 22-99- 2005, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, 1 , (USNMENT). Bullas: 10.9867, -85.3850; 450 m. 21-99-2009, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, 1 , (USNMENT). LIMON, Río Madre de 97 Dios. 23-99-1965, 1 (USNMENT). HEREDIA, Sarapiqui, Chilamate: 10.4498, - 84.0785; 81 m. 11-VI-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Sarapiquí: 10.4300, -84.0081; 62.5 m. 11- VII-2016, Madelyne Dhimes, 1 , (Naturalista). ALAJUELA, Alajuela, Alajuela: 9.9942, -84.2412; 863 m. 6-VII-2017, Liam O'Brien, 1 , (Naturalista). Atenas, 6 km. W Atenas: 9.9699, -84.4324; 958 m. 3-99-1971, Opler, 1 , (USNMENT). Another material examined (databases). MEXICO. México, 30-VI-9999, R. Townsend, 1 (CMNH); 99-99-1930, 1 (LACM); 99-99-9999, 1 (LACM). NAYARIT. Santiago Ixcuintla Tepic, 27 mi N, Jct. E México 195: 21.8830, -104.8830; 950 m. 29-VI-1969, 1 (LACM). JALISCO. Puerto Vallarta, Puerto Vallarta: 20.615, -105.185; 545 m. 13-IX-1975, B. O. O'hara, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). GUERRERO. Atoyac de Álvarez, Río Santiago: 17.243, -100.305; 781 m. 9-IX-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Juan R. Escudero, Tierra Colorada, Papagayo: 17.165, -99.583; 265 m. 99-I- 1960, 1 (CNIN). Mochitlán, Acahuizotla: 17.345, -99.447; 670 m. 99-VI-1956, Dealer, 2 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VII-1957, Dealer, 5 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-1958, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-IX-1974, Alberto Díaz Francés, 2 (CNIN); 1-XII-1976, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-V-1981, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-IX-1981, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 9 (CNIN); 28-I-1982, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (CNIN); 5-VI-1982, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 23-VI-1982, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (CNIN); 24-XI-1982, M. García, 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 34 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 8 (CNIN); 99-VII-1992, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (CNIN); 99-XII-1992, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (CNIN); 99-VI-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (AME); 99-VII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (AME); 99-VIII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (AME). MORELOS. Yautepec, Cañón de Lobos, 10 mi E Cuernavaca: 18.899, -99.0575; 1217 m. 17-IX-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Yautepec: 18.885, -99.061; 1186 m. 99-XI-1974, 3 (MZFC). OAXACA. Ayotzintepec, Soyolapan El Bajo: 17.695, - 96.273; 148 m. 99-VII-1983, Alberto Díaz Francés, 2 (CNIN); 27-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Candelaria Loxicha, Candelaria Loxicha: 15.926, -96.491; 508 m. 99-VII-1990, 1 (MZFC); 99-99-9999, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Matías Romero Avendaño, Matías Romero: 16.8786, -95.0347; 264 m. 99-VIII-1977, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN); 15-VII-1982, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). Pluma Hidalgo, Rancho Santa 98 María, Candelaria Loxicha: 15.888, -96.4722; 496 m. 27-VII-1970, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH). San José Chiltepec, Naranjal Chiltepec: 17.8522, -96.1197; 584 m. 5- VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, Tuxtepec: 18.081, -96.1277; 19 m. 99-VI-1967, A. P. Plait, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-X-1967, A. P. Plait, 9 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-X-9999, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (AME/FLMNH); 99-XI-9999, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (FLMNH/AME). San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional, Valle Nacional: 17.751, -96.287; 119 m. 2-VIII-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Santa María Jacatepec, San José Chiltepec: 17.9119, -96.165; 37 m. 99-VIII-1962, 1 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1963, 1 (CNIN); 99- VII-1964, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1968, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN); 1-VIII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-III-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 22-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 8-IX- 1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Santa María Jacatepec: 17.8269, -96.202; 324 m. 8-IX-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Santiago Comaltepec, Metates: 17.6661, -96.313; 651 m. 99-V-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN). Vista Hermosa, Sierra de Juárez: 17.621, -96.322; 599 m. 99-VIII-1964, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). Santiago Yaveo, Cerro Armadillo: 17.41, - 95.682; 228 m. 19-VIII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 27-VII-1984, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). CHIAPAS. Escuintla, Escuintla: 15.3055, -92.632; 320 m. 5-IX-1974, R. Warren, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 7-IX-1974, R. Warren, 3 (MGCL-FLMNH); 8-IX-1974, R. Warren, 4 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Escuintla, Escuintla, montañas: 15.288, -92.6316; 98 m. 99-X-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). San Felipe: 15.3, - 92.599; 157 m. 12-XI-1973, R. Warren, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99-XI-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). La Independencia, San Antonio Buenavista (Santa Rosa), Independencia: 16.145, -91.625; 1465 m. 99-VII-1990, J. L. Saldaña M., 6 (CNIN). La Trinitaria, Trinitaria, la, Lagunas de Montebello: 16.116, -92.049; 1519 m. 99-VII-1990, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Marqués de Comillas, Chajul: 16.1152, -90.89; 160 m. 99-VIII-1979, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). Ejido La Gloria, Río Lacantún: 16.1491, -90.861; 180 m. 99-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). San Quintín: 16.405, -90.654; 160 m. 5-VIII- 1971, R. Warren, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 8-VIII-1971, R. Warren, 2 (MGCL-FLMNH); 13- VIII-1971, R. Warren, 2 (MGCL-FLMNH); 25-IX-1971, R. Warren, 5 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99 1-X-1971, R. Warren, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 8-XII-1971, R. Warren, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-9999, Robert. G. Wind, 1 (AME-FLMNH). Ocosingo. Pichucalco: 16.5152, - 91.2819; 850 m. 21-VII-1974, R. Warren, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Oxchuc, Oxchuc: 16.7861, -92.343; 1957 m. 12-X-1971, R. Warren, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Rancho San Ramón: 16.7586, -92.325; 2132 m. 99-X-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Tuzantán, Huixtla: 15.131, -92.445; 39 m. 9-IX-1976, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). Venustiano Carranza, Paraíso: 16.216, -92.6163; 758 m. 29-X-1969, R. Warren, 1 (MGCL- FLMNH); 99-I-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). TABASCO. Huimanguillo, La Venta: 18.10416, -94.0352; 10 m. 99-I-9999, Miller S., 1 (FLMNH/AME). 2-3 mi al E de La Venta: 18.1262, -94.001; 8 m. 31-I-1969, L. O´Brian & J. S., 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). VERACRUZ. 99-VIII-1986, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH). Amatlán de los Reyes, Amatlán de los Reyes: 18.8494, -96.9; 717 m. 99-99-9999, 2 (LACM). Catemaco, Cuetzalapan: 18.3758, - 95.0138; 340 m. 99-VIII-1981, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 15-VIII-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Dos Amates, Catemaco: 18.4722, - 95.0563; 501 m. 99-VII-1973, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH);9-VII-1975, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 2 (LACM); 99-VII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME). Ixhuatlán del Café, Presidio: 19.0694, -96.971; 1306 m. 99-VII-1941, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-V- 1944, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VII-1945, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH); 99- VIII-1946, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VI-1949, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH). Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 19.065, -96.934; 925 m. 99-V-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (AME); 99- VI-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (AME); 99-VII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (AME). Mecayapan, San Pedro de Soteapan, Ver.: 18.235, -94.836; 480 m. 5-VII-1983, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1983, J. L. Saldaña M., 2 (CNIN). Oluta, Acayucan: 17.9055, - 94.8669; 29 m.14-VII-1984, William H. Howe, 2 (LACM). San Andrés Tuxtla, Salto de Eyipantla: 18.3727, -95.191; 179 m. 26-VIII-1980, 1 (MZFC). Santiago Tuxtla, Cerro El Vigía, Santiago Tuxtla: 18.4369, -95.335; 247 m.25-VIII-1982, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 17-IX-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-1984, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-VIII-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Popocatépetl: 18.493, - 95.3013; 317 m. 20-VII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 15-VI-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Tapalapan: 18.5119, -95.2894; 340 m. 30-VII-1980, 100 Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 10-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-X-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 9-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Veracruz, Barranca de Cayoapa, Tejería: 19.2066, -96.273; 31 m. 29-VII-1978, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 17-VIII-1980, Alma Garcés Médina, 1 (MZFC); 18-IX-1980, Alma Garcés Médina, 1 (MZFC); 9-VI-1981, Alma Garcés Médina, 1 (MZFC); 4-VIII-1981, Alma Garcés Médina, 1 (MZFC). PUEBLA. Jopala, Barranca de Patla: 20.2252, -97.851; 777 m. 2-XI-1971, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-X-1977, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18-XII-1977, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 16-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-VIII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 23-VIII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 9-VIII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 3 (MZFC). Xicotepec, La Ceiba: 20.3741, -97.8425; 543 m. 23-VIII-1981, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Zihuateutla, Tequezquitla: 20.25, -97.8830; 677 m. 30-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 6-VIII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-VIII- 1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 14-VIII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 17-X-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 5 (MZFC); 2-XI-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 22-IV-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 24-VII-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 29-VII-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 2-VIII- 1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 99-V-1980, J. L. Saldaña M., 3 (CNIN);23-VIII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 99-V-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 16-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles: 22.0019, - 99.0015; 62 m. 9-VI-1966, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 9-VI-1967, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 11-VI-1967, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 28-VI-1968, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 29-VI-1968, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 17-VI-1969, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 12-VI- 1970, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 15-VI-1970, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 4-VII-1970, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 6-VII-1970, H. A. Freeman, 2 (CMNH); 11-VII-1970, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 12-VII-1970, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 13-VI-1971, H. A. Freeman, 101 1 (CMNH); 28-VI-1971, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 30-VI-1971, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 5-VII-1971, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 11-VI-1972, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 19-VI-1972, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 21-VI-1972, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 8-VII- 1972, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 15-VII-1972, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 24-VI-1973, Héctor Pérez, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH). Venado, Cañón Laurel, Río Axtla: 22.9363, -101.1875; 2000 m. 26-V-1986, William H. Howe, 1 (LACM); 27-V-1986, William H. Howe, 1 (LACM). NUEVO LEÓN. Antiguo Morelos, 18 mi W. 99-VIII-1969, G. Doyen, 1 (USNMENT). QUINTANA ROO. Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Ejido X-maben, Rancho Lan- kiwiik: 19.8913, -88.0019; 20 m. 14-VII-2002, R. Salinas, 1 (ECOSUR). YUCATÁN. Chemax, X-Can: 20.8663, -87.7; 26 m. 2-VII-1964, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH); 18-VIII-1965, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH). Tinúm, Chichen Itzá: 20.674, -88.567; 20 m. 2-X-1954, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH). Pisté: 20.6719, -88.5666; 20 m. 15- VIII-1962, E. L. King, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-9999, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (FLMNH/AME). BELICE. CAYO, Green Hills Butterfly Ranch: 17.096, -88.9779; 227m. 17-VIII-1998, Jan Meerman, 1 (BERDS). Las Cuevas, base camp: 16.8008, -88.961; 670 m. 19-IX-2002, John Shuey 1 (BERDS). TOLEDO, San Antonio, Toledo: 16.242, -89.025; 99 m. 16-X-1991, Tineke Boomsma, 1 (BERDS). COSTA RICA. GUANACASTE, La Cruz: 11.03, -85.43; 409 m. 99-VII-2005, Roster Moraga, 1 (INBio). Quebrada Lajosa: 11.033, - 85.429; 403 m. 99-II-2008, Roster Moraga, (Research Collection of D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, 1 (INBio). Bullas: 10.9867, -85.3853; 450 m. 99-V-2009, Duvalier Briceno, (Research Collection of D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs 1 (INBio). LIMÓN, Pococí, El Limón, Rita: 10.527, -83.725; 27 m. 99-X-1996, Elias Rojas, 1 (INBio). HEREDIA, Sarapiqui, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina: 10.4165, -84.120; 165 m. 99-IV-2011, E. Rojas, 1 (INBio). La Isla: 10.415, -84.129; 179 m. 99-VII-2012, C. Miranda, 1 (INBio). Sarapiqui: 10.439, - 84.01; 51 m. 99-IX-1993, C. Mora y A. Alvarez, 1 (INBio) Centro de Capacitación Cecafor: 10.38878, -83.9715; 59 m. 99-VIII-2006, José Antonio Azofeifa Zuñiga, Marcos Moraga y Billen Gamboa R., 1 (INBio). PUNTARENAS, Puntarenas, Lepanto, Karen Mogensen, Sendero Principal: 9.8670, -85.0599; 279 m. 99-VII-2003, Isidro Chacón, 1 (INBio). Lasaia kennethi Weeks, 1901 Lasaia kennethi Weeks, 1901: Proceedings of the New England zoological Club, 2: 45 102 Lasaia merita Godman, 1903: Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1903 (4): 541, pl 22. Lasaia pura Seitz, 1917: Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde: eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten, 5: pl. 135 Lasaia moeros merita Seitz, 1917 Lasaia moeros kennethi Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10 (2): 161 Lasaia kennethi, Callaghan & Lamas, 2004: Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Chekclist. Part 4A. Figs. 22-25 Type locality: Bolivia, 200 miles at north of Cochabamba Distribution: Bolivia Host plants: Unknown Lasaia kennethi: Seitz, 1860-1938 (Lasaia merita); Weeks, 1901; Stichel, 1910 (Lasaia merita); Stichel, 1911 (Lasaia moeros kennethi); Clench, 1972; Warren et al., 2017. Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and some black shorty sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part, presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region its white. White palps with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 23A- 23D). Antennas. Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Fig. 24). Legs. Prothoracic of grey color, second and third pair of cream/white color. Thorax. Metallic blue/green scales at the ventral view. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 22). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with cilias black and whites. Presence of linear shaped macules in the marginal region, with black scales above the veins. Presence of macules in the postmedial region, below M3 vein are faded or absents. Presence of costal spots, below Cu1 vein are faded or absents. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small white and brown cilias. Presence of linear shaped spots in the marginal region, with black/brown scales above veins. Absence of spots in the postmedial region. Brown scales between Sc+R1-R veins in the submedial region. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 22). Background coloration cream. Presence of square shaped spots in the marginal region, and pale brown coloration. Absence of postmedial band. Presence of discal spot (thin lineal shaped). FW. Background coloration brown. Presence of rounded shapes spots in the marginal region. Absence of postmedial band and postmedial spots. Pale brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs veins in the submedial 103 region. Presence of submedial spots in the submedial region. Pale brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs veins in postbasal region. Genitalia. Uncus bilobed (ventral view), and almost plane at the middle; tegumen with a trapezoidal shape, with the anterior part more sclerotized and a “window” near at falces sensu Clench; falces sclerotized, curved and projected forwards; vinculum sclerotized, semicurved near at tegumen, and straight near to frenum; aedeagus curved, sclerotized, base (near of frenum) thicker; upper and lower valves are membranous with filaments; bulla scobinata sensu Clench (1972) bell shaped; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis L. kennethi could be confused with L. moeros by size, coloration and number of spots. L. kennethi in forewings (dorsal and ventral view) does not have spots below M3 veins in postmedial region. In postmedial region of the hindwings (ventral and dorsal view), L. kennethi does not have spots, while L. moeros have those spots. The coloration of L. kennethi is paler brown in comparison with L. moeros, which is darker Material examined (Fig. 25). BOLIVIA: EL BENI, Yacuma, Yacuma, ca. 200 miles N of Cochabamba (=5 days N from Cochabamba); -14.4812, -66.156; 176 m. 12-IX-1899, 1 (MCZ-ENT); 12-IX-1899, William J. Gerhard, 4 (MCZ-ENT). SANTA CRUZ, Ichilo, Rio Songo; -16.364, -64.401; 201 m. 99-99-9999, Anton Heinrich Hermann Fassl, 1 (MCZ-ENT); 17-I-1914, Anton Heinrich Hermann Fassl, 1 (MCZ-ENT). LA PAZ, Nor Yungas, Río Coroico Valley, 6.6 km (by road) downstreams E, bank Río Coroico; -16.165, - 67.72; 1070 m. 1-IV-1979, G. Schmitt, 1 (AMNH). Sud Yungas, Chulumani; -16.409, - 67.527; 1793 m. 28-XI-1898, William J. Gerhard, 2 (MCZ-ENT). Aroma, Sicasica; - 17.333, -67.733; 3928 m. 1-X-1899, 1 (MCZ-ENT). Female unknown. Lasaia moeros Staudinger 1888 Lasaia moeros Staudinger, 1888: Exotische Schmetterlinge, 1(18): 257 Lasaia rosamonda Weeks, 1900: Proceedings of the New England zoological Club, 2:45 Lasaia moeros moeros, Stichel, 1910: Berliner Entomologische Zeitscrift. 55:48 Lasaia moeros moeros, Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10 (2): 159 104 Lasaia moeros, Callaghan & Lamas, 2004: Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Chekclist. Part 4A. Figs. 26-29 Type locality: Perú, Chanchamayo Distribution: Colombia, Perú and Ecuador; mainly in the eastern region of the Andes Host plants: unknown Lasaia moeros: Seitz, 1860-1938; Staudinger, 1888; Weeks, 1900; Weeks, 1905; Stichel, 1910 (Lasaia rosamonda); Stichel, 1911; Clench, 1972; Warren et al., 2017; Veléz-Estrada & Ríos-Malaver, 2018 (Lasaia meris); Lamas et al., 2023. Description Head: Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and black, short sensilas. Ocular ring brown. White palps with some shorty sensilas of the same color (Figs. 27A-27D) Antennas. Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 28A-28B). Legs. Prothoracic of white/cream color, second and third pair of pale brown. Thorax. Blue/green scales at the ventral view. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW). (Fig. 26). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with cilias black and white. Marginal region with lineal spots and black scales above veins. Presence of maculation at the postmedial region. Presence of costal spots. Presence of medial spots, located throughout the wing discontinuously. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with cilias black and white. Presence of lineal spots at the marginal region, with scales of color black/brown above the veins. Presence of lineal spots between Sc+R1-M2 veins at the postmedial region. Brown scales between Sc+R1-R veins, at the submedial region. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 26). Background coloration white with brown. Presence of square spots at the marginal region. Pale brown coloration at the postmedial region. Presence of the postmedial band; the outer edge has a lineal shape. Brown coloration at the submedial region. Presence of discal spot, in the form of a thin line. FW. Background coloration brown. Presence of rounded spots at the marginal region. Presence of the postmedial band; the outer edge has a lineal shape. Presence of lineal spots that cross the entire wing. Pale brown coloration at the submedial region between Sc+R1-Rs veins. Presence of submedial spots. Pale brown coloration at the postbasal region, between Sc+R1-Rs veins. Abdomen. Blue/green scales at the dorsal view, and pale brown in the ventral view (Figs. 28C). 105 Genitalia. Uncus slightly bilobed (ventral view) with a median ridge; tegumen presents a trapezoidal shape; the anterior region is more sclerotized, with a small “window” near the falces sensu Clench (1972); sclerotized falces, slightly curved and projected forwards; vinculum semicurved near at tegumen and slightly thickened near at aedeagus; aedeagus curved, sclerotized and the base thicker; frenum thin and sclerotized; upper valves are membranous without spines and with filaments; lower valves membranous; bulla scobinata sensu Clench (1972) bell shaped. Diagnosis. Pale brown leg coloration; scales of the abdomen (distal region) brown. Presence of black spots on most of the wings in dorsal and ventral view. Linear macules in the marginal region. Absence of costal spots. Metallic blue/green coloration on the dorsal side of the wings, and brown on the ventral side. L. moeros can be confused with L. kenetthi and L. agesilas spp., in size, coloration and position of spots. L. moeros can be easily separated from L. kenetthi by the number of spots on the wings, in L. kenetthi there have a smaller number than L. moeros (FW, dorsal-ventral view), or they are slightly diffused on the hindwings (dorsal view), or fewer (ventral view). In the case with L. agesilas spp., they can be differentiated by the presence of darker spots between costal margin and M3 vein, at the medial region; and, round shaped macules in the marginal region, compared to L. moeros which are linear. Material examined (Fig. 29). COLOMBIA. Felipe Ovalle Q. 99-99-9999, 2 (AMNH). Boyaca, Río Opon. 20/7-XII/I-1947. L. Richter, 1 (AMNH). BOYACÁ, Santa María, Santa María; 4.896, -73.2920; 1127 m. 15-I-2020, 1 (Naturalista). BOGOTÁ, Bogotá, Bogotá; 4.7109, -74.072; 2554 m. 99-99-9999, 2 Macho (MCZ-ENT). ECUADOR. Puyo, Pastaza Oriente. 1066 m. 99-99-9999, E. E. Lock, 1 (AMNH). Environs de Loja. 99-99-9999, 1 (USNMENT). Río Topo. 19-99-1981, 1 (USNMENT). Km. 24 n. Cotundo, Tenabaeza Rd.; 1097-1219 m. 29-99-1982, H. E. Frania & F. A. H. Sperling, 1 (USNMENT). NAPO, Archidona, Hatun Sumaku, Hatun Sumaku; -0.6828, -77.6015; 1458 m, 29-I-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Cotundo, Centro Turístico Usa Yaku; -0.7794, -77.7912; 913 m. 21-X-2015, Dave Wendelken, 1 (Naturalista). PASTAZA, Mejía, Mera, Abitahua; -1.3833, -78.0833; 1485 m. 26-99-1966, Velastiqui, 1 (USNMENT); 5-99-1966, 106 Velastiqui, 1 (USNMENT). Engaño; -1.3833, -78.0833; 1485 m. 23-99-1966, Velastiqui, 1 (USNMENT). MORONA SANTIAGO, Palora, Cumanda (Cab En Colonia Agrícola Sevilla Del Oro), Mera; -1.466, -78.133; 1185 m. 11-99-1966, Velastiqui, 2 (USNMENT). Río Alpayacu; -1.466, -78.116; 1058 m, 9-99-1966, Velastiqui, 1 (USNMENT). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE, Zamora, Zamora; -4.0735, -78.9560; 1143 m. 19- XI-2018, Roger Rittmaster, 1 (Naturalista). PERU. 99-99-9999 (CAS). 99-99-9999, 1 (AMNH). Candalapa La Mer, 1300 m. 99-VI-1841, F. Noytkowski, 1 (AMNH). 99-V- 2000, Ex. Ken Thorne, 1 (USNMENT). Rondos. 5-99-1978, José Schunke, 1 (USNMENT). Tambillo Grande Tinbo Maria. 20-99-1983, 1 (USNMENT). SAN MARTÍN, Rioja, Pardo Miguel, Rioja: -5.6697, -77.7020; 1416 m, 19-X-2015, David Beadle, 1 (Naturalista). Moyobamba, Jepelacio: -6.1099, -76.917; 1036 m. 99-X-1933, Albert S. Pinkus, 1 (AMNH). JUNÍN, Chanchamayo, La Merced: -11.0631, -75.335; 749 m, 99-VII-1930, 2 (AMNH). Satipo, Rio Tambo, Pto. Prado: -11.1590, -74.2359; 307 m. 19-99-1979, José Schunke, 1 (USNMENT). Female unknown. Lasaia maria Clench, 1972 Lasaia maria maria Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10(2): 164. Lasaia maria anna Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10(2): 166, syn. nov. Figs. 30-36 Type locality: Mexico, Jalisco, Ajijic Distribution: México, Guatemala and El Salvador Host plants: unknown Lasaia maria: Clench, 1972; De la Maza, J. & de la Maza, R., 1985a, 1985b; De la Maza y White, 1990; De la Maza et al., 1995; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1999; Monteagudo et al., 2001; Salinas-Gutiérrez et al., 2004; Garwood & Lehman, 2005; Luna-Reyes et al., 2008 (Lasaia maria maria); Luna-Reyes et al., 2012; Miller et al., 2012 (Lasaia maria maria); Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2019; Warren et al., 2017. 107 Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and some black short scales. The ocular ring of the upper part presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region is white. White palps with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 31A-31D). Antennas. Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 32A-32B). Legs. Prothoracic of white color, second and third pair are white with brown. Thorax. Copper metallic coloration. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 30). Background coloration metallic copper, with small black and white cilias. Regional margin with square shaped spots, with black scales above the veins. Postmedial region with spots, those located below M3 vein are shorter. Presence of 2 or 3 costal spots of white color in the medial region, with discontinuous spots throughout the wing on that region. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic copper with small brown and white cilias. Marginal region with squared spots, with black/brown scales above the veins. Presence of three broad spots between veins Sc+R1-M2, with some spots faded below. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 30). Background coloration blue/copper brown. Marginal region with squared shaped spots. Metallic copper/blue coloration in the postmedial region. Presence of a band in the postmedial region, the outer edge is linear. Presence of a linear thin spot in the discal region. FW. Background coloration brown with copper blue. Marginal region with square spots. Presence of a band in the postmedial region, the outer edge is linear. Presence of spots in the postmedial region, throughout the entire wing. Brown coloration in the submedial region, between veins Sc+R1-Rs. Presence of a rounded spot in the submedial region. Brown coloration in the postbasal region, between veins Sc+R4-Rs. Abdomen. Metallic blue/green coloration in dorsal view, and pale brown/whitish at ventral; with scale grey/brown at the distal region (Fig. 32C). Genitalia (Fig. 33). Uncus slightly bilobed, with a small protuberance in the middle; tegumen presents a trapezoidal shape, with the anterior region more sclerotized, with the presence of a small “window” near at uncus; falces sclerotized, thin and slightly curved, projected forwards; vinculum semicurved, forming an obtuse angle below the tegumen; aedeagus slightly curved, with thicker base and mostly sclerotized; thin and sclerotized frenum; upper and lower valves membranous with filaments, without spines; bulla scobinata sensu Clench bell shaped, and medium sized; absence of coruntis. 108 Diagnosis. This taxon has been frequently confused with the species L. sula and L. peninsularis, since they can present similar coloration on the dorsal part of the wings; however, L. maria has a duller blue coloration compared to the other two species, also, is not as conspicuous when perched. The maculation in the marginal region (forewings and hindwings, dorsal view), in L. maria, have a square shape and are less dark, compared to L. sula and L. peninsularis, which have a rounded shape and are darker. Presence of the discal spot (forewings, ventral view) as a diffuse thin line, compared to L. sula and L. s. peninsularis, which have comma shaped spot, thicker and mor evident. In L. maria, the postmedial band presents a uniform opaque metallic blue coloration, with whitish costal spots, an a little wider, compared to the other two species. The postmedial maculation (hindwings, ventral view) are thin linear shaped in L. maria, while in the other two taxa, they have a rounded shape and thicker. Description . Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens) Palps with white scales and white and black in the tip. Frons with grey and white scales. Ocular ring with brown/grey and white scales. Antennas. Metallic black/blue with ringed white scales. Thorax. Metallic pale blue and brown scales. Legs. All the legs present white/cream scales. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 34). Background coloration whitish/brown with dull steel blue and black spots. Marginal region with squared shaped spots of similar sizes. Postmedial band whitish, and 3 white costal spots. Absence of discal spot. Medial, submedial and post-basal regions, have the typical spots of the genus. Posterior (FW). Background coloration whitish/brown with dull steel blue and black spots. Marginal region with squared spots throughout the wing, those located between Sc+R1-M3 and Cu2-3A, are wider. Medial, submedial and post-basal regions, have the typical spots of the genus. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 34). Background coloration whitish/cream with brown and black spots. Marginal region with squared spots of similar sizes. Postmedial band whitish. Absence of discal spot. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, have the typical spots of the genus. FW. Background coloration whitish/cream with brown. Marginal region with squared shaped spots throughout the wing, those located between Sc+R1-M3 and Cu2-3A are wider. Spots located in postmedial region are thin and aligned. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, have the typical spots of the genus. Abdomen. Brown/grey scales in dorsal region, and cream/whitish in ventral. 109 Genitalia (Fig. 35). Corpus bursae thick and elongated, without signa; ductus bursae wider in the region proximal to corpus bursae, and thinner in the region proximal to ostium bursae, approximately the same length as the corpus bursae; in ventral view, it is located in the center region of sternum 8. Sternites 6 (partial), 7 and 8 are sclerotized. Diagnosis. Females of L. maria could be confused with L. a. callaina and L. sula spp. The differences are in size, coloration and spots. L. maria are smaller than L. a. callaina but bigger than L. sula spp. The coloration of L. maria (dorsal view) presents brown and dull steel blue, while L. a. callaina is brown and white, in contrast with L. sula spp., which presents white, brown and metallic blue colorations. The spots located in postmedial region (HW, ventral view) in L. maria are thin and aligned, while in L. a. callaina those located between Sc+R1- M2 veins, are wide and misaligned; in the case of L. sula spp. the spots located between Sc+R1-M2 veins, are wider and aligned. Material examined (Fig. 36). MEXICO. SONORA. Rt. 16, km 254-255. 22-VIII-1998, Jim P. Brock, 1 (MZFC). 11.4 mi E Río Yaqui, Hwy. 16. 5-VIII-1986, Jim P. Brock, 1 (MZFC). Bacanora, Pine Barrens: 28.82, -109.359; 694 m. 8-VIII-1990, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Yécora, Tepoca: 28.418, -108.75; 1383 m. 23-IX-1987, John Kemner, 2 y 1 (MZFC). SINALOA. 24 mi. NW. Rt. 15 on State Rt. To Cosala. 20-VI-1968, Peter Hubbell, 1 (AMNH). Culiacán, Las Higueras: 25.031, -107.542; 150 m. 11-XI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Mazatlán, Paco's Nature Reserve: 23.299, -106.443; m. 2-XII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 16-XII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista). NAYARIT. Compostela, Compostela: 21.185, -105.221; 90 m. 25-VIII-1932, 1 (AMNH); 5-VIII-1933, 1 (AMNH). El Nayar, Jesús María, Coamil-Cora: 22.269, - 104.536; 766 m. 1-VIII-1977, J. M. Labougle R., 1 (MZFC). Santa María del Oro, Laguna Santa María del Oro: 21.35, -104.5488; 808 m. 30-IX-1996, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC). Santa María del Oro: 21.332, -104.588; 1170 m. 31-VII-2014, Juan Carlos García Morales, 1 (Naturalista); 20-XI-2018, Antonio Robles, 1 (Naturalista). JALISCO. Ahuahulco de Mercado, Sierra del Águila: 20.70, -104.026; 1446 m. 2-VIII- 2015, Julio Alejandro Álvarez Ruiz, 1 (Naturalista). Ahualulco de Mercado: 20.698, - 103.97; 1326 m. 15-VIII-2010, Julio Alejandro Álvarez Ruiz, 1 (Naturalista); 3-VIII- 110 2019, Julio Alejandro Álvarez Ruiz, 1 (Naturalista); 9-IV-2020, Julio Alejandro Álvarez Ruiz, 1 (Naturalista). Ameaca, Ameaca: 20.584, -103.993; 1370 m. 31-X-2019, Armando, 1 (Naturalista). Cerro Cuauhtépetl: 20.583, -103.98; 1384 m. 1-XX-2018, 1 (Naturalista); 27-XI-2018, 1 (Naturalista); 18-XII-2018, 1 (Naturalista); 27-VIII- 2019, 1 (Naturalista); 10-IX-2019, 1 (Naturalista); 9-X-2019, 2 (Naturalista); 31- X-2019, 1 (Naturalista); 11-XII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Autlán de Navarro, Ahuacapan: 19.651, -104.312; 1357 m. 12-IX-1987, 1 (MZFC); 4-XI-1987, Victor Bedoy, 1 (MZFC); 24-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 26-X-1989, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets & Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 16 y 1 (MZFC); 24-VIII-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 6 (MZFC); 14-XI-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 14-X-1992, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 2 (MZFC); 14-X-1992, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 22-IX-1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña M., 4 (MZFC); 22-IX-1994, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 8-VII-1995, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 4 (MZFC); 11-VII-1995, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 5-XII-1995, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 3 y 1 (MZFC). Autlán de Navarro: 19.756, -104.437; 1060 m. 25-IX-2018, Carlos Palomera, 1 (Naturalista). Casimiro Castillo 7 Mi. S. La Cumbre de Autlán: 19.734, -104.469; 1010 m. 99-99-1966, Peter Hubbell, 1 (AMNH). La Calera: 19.675, -104.434; 563 m. 26-IX-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 22-VIII-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC); 13-XI-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 y 3 (MZFC); 11-IX-1991, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 3 (MZFC); 16-X-1992, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 10 (MZFC); 16-X-1992, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 19 (MZFC); 5-VI-1994, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 3 y 2 (MZFC); 23-IX-1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña M., 5 (MZFC); 10- VII-1995, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 12-III-1996, Armando Luis Martínez & José Luis Salinas, 1 (MZFC). Chapala, Chapala: 20.323, -103.191; 1598 m. 111 30-VII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). El Limón, Ejutla: 19.882, -104.06; 810 m. 21-VIII-2016, Carlos Palomera, 1 (Naturalista). El Limón: 19.82, -104.153; 880 m. 20-IX-2015, Carlos Palomera, 1 (Naturalista); 27-VIII-2016, Carlos Palomera, 1 (Naturalista); 15-X-2016, Carlos Palomera, 1 (Naturalista). Etzatlán, Etzatlán: 20.751, -104.094; 1483 m. 1-VI- 2018, Julio Alejandro Álvarez Ruiz, 1 (Naturalista); 22-VIII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Lagos de Moreno, Encarnación de Díaz, 10 km S: 21.434, -101.763; 2054 m. 15-X-1987, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 y 5 (MZFC); 15-X-1987, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Lagos de Moreno: 21.363, -101.92; 1920 m. 11- V-2020, 1 (Naturalista). San Juanito de Escobedo, La Estancita: 20.727, -103.975; 1323 m. 3-IX-2018, Julio Alejandro Álvarez Ruiz, 1 (Naturalista); 26-X-2018, Julio Alejandro Álvarez Ruiz, 1 (Naturalista). San Miguel el Alto, San Miguel El Alto: 21.040, -102.386; 1864 m. 7-V-2016, Gilberto Ponce Tejeda, 4 (Naturalista). San Pedro Tlaquepaque, El Tapatio: 20.606, -103.342; 1586 m. 19-X-2018, Martín Yohualpi Bañuelos Montero, 1 (Naturalista). Teuchitlán, Teuchitlán: 20.699, -103.796; 1372 m. 1-VIII-2019, Julio Alejandro Álvarez Ruiz, 1 (Naturalista). Tuxcacuesco, Zenzontla: 19.632, -104.077; 1164 m. 16-XI-1990, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets & Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 7 y 1 (MZFC); 8-VI-1994, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 y 2 (MZFC); 24-IX- 1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña M., 2 (MZFC); 12-VII-1995, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 8-XII-1995, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 1 y 2 (MZFC); 9-XII-1995, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 1 (MZFC). Unión de San Antonio, Carretera 45, Aguascalientes-León km 29: 21.1375, -101.829; 1844 m. 20-VII-2014, Uri Omar García Vázquez, 8 y 4 (MZFC); 20-VII-2014, Marysol Trujano Ortega, 8 y 5 (MZFC); 20-VII-2014, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 13 y 2 (MZFC). Unión de San Antonio: 21.170, -102.086; 1829 m. 1-I-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Yahualica de González Gallo, Huisquilco: 21.147, -102.983; 2017 m. 6-VII-2019, Gilberto Ponce Tejeda, 1 (Naturalista). Zapopan, Área Natural Protegida de Flora y Fauna "Bosque La Primavera": 20.70, -103.588; 1558 m. 30-X-2019, Armando, 1 (Naturalista). COLIMA. Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez, Agua Dulce: 19.26, -103.883; 250 m. 21-VII-1989, Isabel Vargas 112 Fernández & Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 28-IX-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 29-IX-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 21-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC); 26-VIII-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC); 27-IX-1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (MZFC); 13-VII-1995, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Minatitlán, 3-IX- 2017, Miguel Olivas, 1 (Naturalista). Platanarillo: 19.40, -103.972; 21-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 22-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 8 y 1 (MZFC); 23-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 6 (MZFC); 350 m. 28-IX-1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña M., 2 (MZFC). MICHOACÁN. 99-99-9999, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Apatzingán, Chiquihuitillo: 19.006, -102.335; 280 m. 10-VIII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 12-VIII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-VIII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 26-VIII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 27-VIII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Aquila, Río Aquila: 18.575, - 103.485; 446 m. 12-II-1999, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Arteaga, Arteaga: 18.342, -102.278; 922 m. 22-IX-1985, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 24-VII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18—IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 21-IX- 1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 22-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 15-V-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 1 (MZFC). El Higueral: 18.378, -102.37; 714 m. 28-VI-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 19-VII-1996, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 1 (MZFC); 5-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 1 (MZFC). El Huarachito. 13-VII- 1997, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 1-VIII-1998, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-VIII-1998, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Rancho "El Zorrillo": 18.282, -102.276; 764 m. 14-IX-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 14-XI-1994, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 5-XII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 28-XII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 29-XII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 11-III-1995, L. L. 113 González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 21-III-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 21-VII- 1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 26-VIII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 28-VIII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 30-VIII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 3-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 4-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 6 y 4 (MZFC); 5-IX- 1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 9-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 14-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 3 y 1 (MZFC); 15-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 3 y 1 (MZFC); 16-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 21-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 23-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 27-IX- 1995, L. L. González Cota, 4 y 1 (MZFC); 10-XI-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 23-XI-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 3-II-1996, 1 (MZFC); 9-IV- 1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 6-V-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 19-VI-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 6-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 30-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 4-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 9-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 5 (MZFC); 12-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 15-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 16-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 21- IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 26-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 13-X-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 14-X-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-X-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 23-X-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 22-VIII-1998, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Rancho Nuevo: 18.467, -102.070; 491 m. 7-XI-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 15-XI-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 10-VI-1997, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 8-V-1998, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 6-VIII-1998, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 11- VIII-1998, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Coalcomán de Vázquez Pallares, Carretera Coalcomán-La Nieve, km 4: 18.772, -102.90; 2100 m. 15-VII-1983, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 114 1 (CNIN). Río La Chichihua: 18.746, -103.221; 1030 m. 12-I-1999, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Chavinda, Chavinda: 19.995, -102.482; 1810 m. 18-IX-2019, Ricardo Arredondo T., 1 (Naturalista). Chinicuila, El Tejón, 4.5 km S: 18.68, -103.325; 1273 m. 14-I-1999, L. L. González Cota, Hembra, 1 (MZFC). La Nuez: 18.669, -103.42; 1200 m. 13-XII-1998, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Los Laureles: 18.870, -103.491; 1110 m. 8-XII-2000, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Gabriel Zamora, Barranca Sifón, Atuto: 19.2175, -101.956; 882 m. 14-IX-1983, L. Adame Espinoza, 1 (MZFC). Jungapeo, La Granja: 19.472, -100.47; 1636 m. 1-99-1965, 3 Y 1 (USNMENT). Morelia, Atapaneo: 19.739, -101.116; 1894 m. 8-X-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Múgica, El Marqués Mujica: 19.085, -102.06; 490 m. 3-XII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Numarán, Piedad, la, Ciudad del Sol: 20.318, -101.982; 1699 m. 13-VII-1981, R. Ayala, 1 (MZFC); 14-VII- 1981, R. Ayala, 1 y 1 (MZFC). Parácuaro, Parácuaro: 19.14, -102.21; 578 m. 28-VIII- 1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 11-VI-1995, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 2-VII-1995, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Peribán, Los Chorros del Varal: 19.495, - 102.545; 1325m. 19-VII-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 1 (MZFC); 18- VIII-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 6 (MZFC); 12-X-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 5 (MZFC); 13-X-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 3 (MZFC). Taretán, El Sabino nr. Uruapan: 19.278, -101.932; 811 m. 99- VII-1936, H. D. Thomas, 1 (AMNH). Uruapan, Uruapan: 19.402, -102.039; 1605 m. 99- V-9999, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH). Las Goteras: 19.324, -101.91; 1065 m. 8-VIII- 1995, L. L. González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 9-VII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 1-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 3 (MZFC); 8-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 6 y 2 (MZFC); 20-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 4 y 10 (MZFC); 29-VIII- 1996, L. L. González Cota, 3 y 8 (MZFC); 21-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 4 y 3 (MZFC); 8-X-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 y 1 (MZFC); 21-X-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-X-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 19-XI-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 7-XII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). 115 Turicato, Río Pinolapa, Puente: 19.044, -101.33; m. 13-VII-1983, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN). Tumbiscatío Toscano: 18.6, -102.5163; 1383 m. 6-IX-1995, L. L. González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 17-VII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 17-VII-1996, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 6-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 6 y 3 (MZFC); 10-IX-1996, L. L. González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 5-VII-1997, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Uruapan, Cerro de la Cruz: 19.433, -102.041; 1700 m. 12-X-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Cupatitzio, Presa Hidroeléctrica: 19.351, -102.063; 1560 m. 16-IX-1994, L. L. González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 28-IX-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 3 (MZFC); 1-X-1994, L. L. González Cota, 3 y 1 (MZFC); 8-X-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 4-VI-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 26-VII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 28-VII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 15-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota2 y 1 (MZFC); 18-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 21-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-VI-1997, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 22-VII-1997, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Las Pintadas: 19.287, -101.969; 881 m. 13-XII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Matanguarán: 19.325, -102.093; 1470 m. 29-VII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 6-VIII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18-VIII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 22-VIII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 24-VIII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 9-IX-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 19-X-1994, L. L. González Cota, 5 y 2 (MZFC); 22-X-1994, L. L. González Cota, 5 y 4 (MZFC); 29-X-1994, L. L. González Cota, 6 y 1 (MZFC); 2-XI-1994, L. L. González Cota, 9 y 1 (MZFC); 12-XI-1994, L. L. González Cota, 7 (MZFC); 13-XI-1994, L. L. González Cota, 3 y 1 (MZFC); 10-XII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 11- XII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 27-III-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 22-IV-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Ziracuaretiro, Caracha: 19.433, -101.921; 1417 m. 8-VII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 3-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 4 (MZFC); 19-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 2 y 1 (MZFC). 116 Zirimicuaro: 19.408, -101.959; 1368 m. 10-VIII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Zinapécuaro de Figueroa, Ziracuaretiro: 19.85, -100.816; 1900 m. 17-VII-1983, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN). GUERRERO. Sierra de Guerrero. 99-99-1910, R. Müller, 1 (USNMENT). "Guerrero". 99-VII-1911, C. C. Hoffmann, 2 (AMNH). Guerrero. 99- 99-1916, R. Müller, 1 (USNMENT). Guerrero. 99-VII-1960, 1 (CNIN). Alpoyeca, 2 Km al E de Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc: 17.618, -98.513; 1010 m. 11-XI-1986, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Buenavista de Cuéllar, Las Vías: 18.449, -99.443; 1180 m. 20-VIII-2009, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 30-X-2009, M. Luna, 2 (MZFZ); 13-III- 2010, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 8-XII-2012, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 28-VII-2013, A. Díaz J., 1 (MZFZ). Los Amates: 18.418, -99.490; 1052 m. 12-XI-2011, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 12-XI-2011, A. Ramírez G., 1 (MZFZ); 8-VIII-2013, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ). Cualác, Mexcala: 17.770, -98.670; 1344 m. 99-VIII-1957, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 99-VIII-1959, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC). Chilpancingo De Los Bravo, Omiltemi, Cueva del Borrego: 17.52, -99.632; 2561 m. 6-V-1985, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets & Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 5-IX-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 4 (MZFC); 18-X-1985, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Omiltemi, Potrerillo: 17.562, -99.674; 2355 m. 17-X-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Rancho Omiltemi: 17.541, -99.691; 2333 m. 2-XI-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 4 (MZFC). Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Agua Salada: 18.467, -99.151; 771 m. 19-IX-2008. M. Luna, 2 (MZFZ); 19-IX-2008, Carla, 3 (MZFZ); 19-IX-2008, Belem A. S., 1 (MZFZ); 27-II- 2009, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 29-X-2009, IFC, 1 (MZFZ); 11-VIII-2012, M. Velasco, 3 (MZFZ); 11-VIII-2012, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 11-VIII-2012, J. Ramírez, 5 (MZFZ); 11-VIII-2012, J. C., 1 (MZFZ); 11-VIII-2012, E. Brígido, 1 (MZFZ); 4-X-2012, J. Ramírez, 1 (MZFZ); 4-X-2012, L. Bustamante, 1 (MZFZ); 9-XI-2012, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ)27-I-2014, L. Bustamante, 1 (MZFZ). Huitzuco: 18.302, -99.333; 942 m. 3- IX-2010, 1 (MZFZ). Quetzalapa: 18.31, -99.145; 871 m. 2-IX-2010, G. V., 1 (MZFZ); 3-IX-2010, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 24-IX-2010, M. Luna, 5 (MZFZ); 19-XI-2010, M. 117 Luna, 2 (MZFZ); 19-X-2011, G. Villar, 1 (MZFZ). Ixcateopan De Cuauhtémoc, A 3 Km Este de Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc: 18.485, -99.721; 2193 m. 6-XI-1986, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 15-XI-1986, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, Macho, (MZFC). Ojo de agua, Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc: 18.41, -99.790; 1392 m. 8-VIII-1986, M. Sabido, 2 (MZFC); 12-XI-1986, E. Yarce & M. Hernández, 1 (MZFC); 12-XI-1986, Evelyne Yarce, 1 (MZFC); 12-XI-1986, Gregorio Rodríguez, 1 (MZFC); 9-XII-1986, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 15-XII-1986, G. Rodríguez, 1 (MZFC); 15-XII-1986, Gregorio Rodríguez, 1 (MZFC); 15-XII-1986, M. Sabido, 1 (MZFC); 15-XII-1986, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFZ). Leonardo Bravo, Omiltemi, Presa de la Perra: 17.558, -99.691; 2214 m. 3-XI-1985, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets & Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 y 2 (MZFC). Mexcala, Nuevo Mexcala. 99-VII- 1957, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC). Mochitlán, Acahuizotla: 17.345, -99.447; 688 m. 99-VII-1950, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 99-VII-1957, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC). 99-VIII-1958, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 99-X-1958, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 99-VII-1960, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 99-VIII-1961, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 99-VIII-1966, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (MZFC); 15-VII-1979, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN). Pilcaya, Parque Nacional Grutas de Cacahuamilpa: 18.669, -99.509; 1090 m. 14-XII-2014, 1 (Naturalista); 24-IX-2015, Juan Carlos García Morales, 1 (Naturalista). Piedras Negras: 18.713, -99.634; 1296 m. 14-X- 2011, J.C., 1 (MZFZ); 14-X-2011, G. Villar, 1 (MZFZ); 14-X-2011, E. R. T., 1 (MZFZ); 14-X-2011, A. Ramírez G., 1 (MZFZ); 6-IX-2012, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 6- IX-2012, L. Ortega F., 2 (MZFZ); 5-X-2012, M. Velasco, 2 (MZFZ); 5-X-2012, L. Bustamante, 1 (MZFZ); 5-X-2012, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ); 8-XI-2012, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 8-XI-2012, L. Bustamante, 2 (MZFZ). Taxco de Alarcón, La Cascada, Km 8, Taxco-Ixcateopan: 18.530, -99.635; 1450 m. 16-XII-1986, M. Sabido, 1 (MZFC). Las Granadas: 18.583, -99.48; 1280 m. 23-XI-2007, M. Luna, 2 (MZFZ); 11-XI-2011, M. 118 Velasco, 3 (MZFZ); 11-XI-2011, M. Luna, 2 (MZFZ); 11-XI-2011, E. Brígido, 1 (MZFZ); 11-XI-2011, A. Ramírez G., 1 (MZFZ); 7-IX-2012, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 3- V-2013, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 7-VI-2013, G. Casillas M., 1 (MZFZ). Arroyo Las Damas: 18.586, -99.606; 1800 m. 22-VII-1986, E. Yarce & M. Hernández, 1 (MZFC); 22-VII-1986, Silvia Marín, 1 (MZFC); 25-XI-1986, M. Sabido, 1 (MZFC). Tetipac, Coapango: 18.637, -99.557; 1312 m. 18-V-2012, A. Díaz, 1 (MZFZ); 10-XI-2012, L. Bustamante, 2 (MZFZ); 7-XII-2012, M. Luna, 1 y 2 (MZFZ); 7-XII-2012, L. Bustamante, 1 (MZFZ); 11-I-2013, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ); 4-V-2013, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ). Chontalcoatlán: 18.651, -99.565; 1277 m. 21-IX-2007, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ). MORELOS. Buenavista de Cuéllar, 5 mi. S. of Amacuzac: 18.557, -99.417; 1098 m. 21- VIII-1967, R. C. Pine, 1 (AMNH). Cuernavaca, Cuernavaca: 18.899, -99.221; 1428 m. 99-99-1906, 2 (USNMENT); 99-99-1997, 1 (USNMENT). Jojutla, Tequesquitengo: 18.625, -99.218; 960 m. 24-XI-2018, Andrea Reyes García, 1 (Naturalista). Miacatlán, Palo Grande: 18.835, -99.390; 1177 m. 20-VII-2013, A. Ramírez G., 1 (MZFZ); 30-VII- 2013, M. Velasco, 13 (MZFZ); 30-VII-2013, A. Díaz J., 28 (MZFZ); 30-VII-2013, A. Ramírez G., 12 y 1 (MZFZ); 30-VII-2013, E. Brígido, 6 (MZFZ); 30-VII-2013, M. Luna, 7 (MZFZ); 20-VIII-2013, M. Velasco, 3 (MZFZ); 20-VIII-2013, M. Luna, 2 (MZFZ); 20-VIII-2013, L. Bustamante, 11 (MZFZ); 20-VIII-2013, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ); 20-VIII-2013, A. Ramírez G., 2 (MZFZ); 10-IX-2013, J. Ramírez, 3 (MZFZ); 10-IX-2013, L. Bustamante, 5 (MZFZ); 10-IX-2013, M. Luna, 2 (MZFZ); 10-IX-2013, M. Velasco, 6 (MZFZ); 10-IX-2013, E. Brígido, 2 (MZFZ); 10-IX-2013, A. Ramírez G., 2 (MZFZ); 15-X-2013, E. Brígido, 2 (MZFZ); 15-X-2013, M. Velasco, 2 y 1 (MZFZ); 15-X-2013, A. Ramírez G., 3 (MZFZ); 15-X-2013, J. Ramírez, 12 (MZFZ); 15-X-2013, L. Bustamante, 14 y 1 (MZFZ); 15-X-2013, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 15-X-2013, A. Díaz J., 2 (MZFZ); 20-XI-2013, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 20-XI- 2013, L. Bustamante, 3 (MZFZ); 20-XI-2013, J. Ramírez, 4 (MZFZ); 20-XI-2013, E. Brígido, 1 (MZFZ); 10-XII-2013, M. Velasco, 3 (MZFZ); 10-XII-2013, L. 119 Bustamante, 2 (MZFZ); 10-XII-2013, J. Ramírez, 1 (MZFZ); 10-XII-2013, A. Ramírez G., 2 (MZFZ); 21-I-2014, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ); 21-I-2014, L. Bustamante, 2 y 1 (MZFZ); 19-II-2014, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 19-II-2014, J. Ramírez, 1 (MZFZ). Temixco, Temixco: 18.84, -99.233; 1280 m. 22-VIII-2008, M. Luna, 2 (MZFZ). Tepalcingo, El Limón de Cuauchichinola: 18.5308, -98.9375; 1248 m. 18-IX-1998, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 3-VIII-2004, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 30-VIII-2004, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 31-VIII-2004, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 8 (MZFC); 1-IX-2004, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 12 y 3 (MZFC); 2-IX-2004, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 14 y 1 (MZFC); 3-IX-2004, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC). Ixtlilco El Grande: 18.538, -98.851; 1134 m. 18-X- 1998, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ). Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla: 18.5836, -98.8928; 1180 m. 2-VIII-2015, 1 (Naturalista). Tetecala, Tetecala: 18.684, -99.4255; 1089 m. 24- I-2013, A. Ramírez G., 3 (MZFZ); 19-VIII-2013, E. Brígido, 1 (MZF); 19-VIII-2013, J. Ramírez, 6 y 4 (MZFZ); 19-VIII-2013, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 20-VIII-2013, J. Ramírez, 1 (MZFZ); 21-VIII-2013, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 9-IX-2013, J. Ramírez, 9 y 2 (MZFZ); 9-IX-2013, L. Bustamante, 1 (MZFZ); 9-IX-2013, M. Luna, 2 (MZFZ); 9-IX-2013, M. Velasco, 8 (MZFZ); 11-IX-2013, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 11- IX-2013, M. Luna, 1 y 1 (MZFZ); 11-IX-2013, J. Ramírez, 1 (MZFZ); 11-IX-2013, E. Brígido, 1 (MZFZ); 11-IX-2013, A. Ramírez G., 5 (MZFZ); 11-IX-2013, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 14-X-2013, M. Velasco, 4 (MZFZ); 14-X-2013, A. Ramírez G., 8 (MZFZ); 14-X-2013, E. Brígido, 1 (MZFZ); 14-X-2013, J. Ramírez, 19 (MZFZ); 14-X-2013, M. Luna, 3 (MZFZ); 16-X-2013, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ); 19-X-2013, A. Ramírez G., 1 (MZFZ); 19-XI-2013, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ); 19-XI-2013, M. Luna, 3 (MZFZ); 19-XI-2013, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 21-XI-2013, A. Ramírez G., 3 (MZFZ); 21-XI-2013, M. Velasco, 3 (MZFZ); 21-XI-2013, M. Luna, 5 (MZFZ); 21- XI-2013, L. Bustamante, 7 (MZFZ); 21-XI-2013, J. Ramírez, 4 (MZFZ); 21-XI-2013, E. Brígido, 3 (MZFZ); 11-XII-2013, J. Ramírez, 3 (MZFZ); 11-XII-2013, L. 120 Bustamante, 1 (MZFZ); 11-XII-2013, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 11-XII-2013, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ); 11-XII-2013, M. Velasco, 7 (MZFZ); 11-XII-2013, A. Ramírez G., 4 (MZFZ); 22-I-2014, A. Ramírez G., 1 (MZFZ); 22-I-2014, G. Casillas M., 1 y 1 (MZFZ); 22-I-2014, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ); 22-I-2014, M. Luna, 1 (MZFZ). Tlaltizapán de Zapata, Las Estacas: 18.729, -99.11; 957 m. 4-X-2018, Leonel Roget, 1 (Naturalista). Tlaquiltenango, Chimalacatlán: 18.463, -99.092; 1064 m. 28-X-2000, 1 (MZFZ). Rancho Viejo, Villa Ayala: 18.39, -99; 1257 m. 99-X-1966, Tarsicio Escalante, 4 (MZFC); 99-VII-1972, Alberto Díaz Francés, 2 y 1 (CNIN). Valle de Vázquez: 18.522, -99.041; 1156 m. 8-IX-2000, 1 (MZFZ). Xoxocotla, Alpuyeca: 18.707, -99.248; 1031 m. 99-VII-1976, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 29-VIII-1976, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (MZFC); 3-X-1976, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 y 1 (CNIN); 30-X-1976, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 17-VII-1977, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 21-VIII- 1977, C. Velázquez, 1 (CNIN). Yautepec, Cañón de Lobos, 10 mi E Cuernavaca: 18.899, -99.057; 1222 m. 9-IX-1951, 1 (CNIN); 17-IX-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC); 25-IX-1983, F. Ramos, 1 (MZFC); 11-VIII-1984, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Yautepec: 18.88, -99.061; 1210 m. 99-VIII- 1968, T. Escalante, 2 (MZFC); 99-VIII-1973, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 99-VIII- 1975, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 10-I-2020, Lilia Salazar-Marcial, 1 (Naturalista). OAXACA. Huajuapan. 99-IX-1937, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH). Heroica Villa Tezoatlán de Segura y Luna, Tezoatlán de Segura y Luna, 1 km antes del basurero municipal: 17.658, -97.833; 1600 m. 3-XI-2012, Diego Matús Vicente, 1 (MZFC). Nejapa de Madero, 65 mi. SE of Oaxaca: 16.598, -96.03; 739 m. 15-99-1972, G. F. & S. Hevel, 1 (USNMENT). San Francisco Cajonos, Carretera 175 ±5 mi N de la Ciudad de Oaxaca: 17.168, -96.28; 2300 m. 9-VI-1987, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 9-VII-1987, John Kemner, 3 (MZFC); 10- VII-1987, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC); 27-VII-1987, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 16-VII- 1988, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC); 11-VIII-1988, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC); 16-VIII- 1988, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC); 20-VIII-1988, John Kemner, 3 (MZFC); 22-VIII- 121 1988, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 23-VIII-1988, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC); 18-VIII- 1989, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 21-VIII-1989, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 16-VIII- 1990, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 24-VI-1991, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC). San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán, 1 km S de Santiago Dominguillo: 17.633, -96.916; 883 m. 8-VIII-2005, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). La Cañada, 2 mi S de Dominguillo: 17.653, -96.916; 734 m. 8- VIII-1991, John Kemner, 1 y 1 (MZFC). San Juan Bautista Suchitepec, San Miguel Huautepec: 18.006, -97.656; 1938 m. 3-VIII-2019, Diego Barrales, 1 (Naturalista). San Juan Guichicovi, Atzompa: 17.076, -95.213; 547 m. 99-VI-1992, V. A. García & A. Vazquez, 2 (MZFC). San Juan Tepeuxila, ± 3 km E Tutepetongo: 17.733, -96.86; 1652 m. 18-X-2006, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Santa Cruz Papalutla, Arroyo seco, Santa Cruz Papalutla: 16.973, -96.584; 1577 m. 7-XII-2013, Diego Matús Vicente, 1 (MZFC). Santa María Atzompa, Santa María Atzompa, El Centro: 17.088, -96.767; 1568 m. 99-XI-2008, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). San Pablo Villa de Mitla, San Pablo Villa de Mitla: 16.917, - 96.374; 1678 m. 30-IX-2018, Leonel Roget, 1 (Naturalista). Villa Hidalgo, Putla- Tlaxiaco, cerca de Llano San Vicente: 17.188, -96.14; 1331 m. 7-VIII-1992, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Villa Sola de Vega, 3-13 mi N de Sol de Vega, camino a las Grutas de San Sebastián: 16.63, -96.995; 2014 m. 6-VII-1991, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC). CHIAPAS. Huixtan, El Aguacero: 16.7547, -92.4766; 2245 m. 3-IX-1989, John Kemner, 3 (MZFC). Parque El Aguacatero km 20 Cintalpa-Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 16.696, -92.442; 2121 m. 23-IX- 1978, Jorge Soberón Mainero, 4 (MZFC). Osumacinta, Osumacinta, Cañon del Sumidero: 16.883, -93.102; 401 m. 16-VIII-2016, Belén Jiménez, 1 (Naturalista). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero: 16.810, -93.083; 1185 m. 30-VIII-2016, Belén Jiménez, 1 (Naturalista). VERACRUZ. Catemaco, Dos Amates, Catemaco: 18.472, -95.056; 533 m. 99-99-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC). Sontecomapan: 18.501, - 95.03; 33 m. 99-V-1955, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC). Xalapa, Jalapa: 19.54, -96.927; 1454 m. 99-99-9999, W. Schaus, 1 (AMNH). HIDALGO. Metztitlán, Acalome, Reserva de la Biósfera "Barranca de Metztitlán": 20.467, -98.679; 1322 m. 28-IX-2014, Ma. Eugenia Mendiola González, 1 (Naturalista). Loma Ancha, Reserva de la Biósfera "Barranca de 122 Metztitlán": 20.467, -98.761; 2216 m. 22-VII-2019, Cristian Olvera, 1 (Naturalista). Tasquillo, Tasquillo: 20.551, -99.31; 1645 m. 20-VIII-1988, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). PUEBLA. Izúcar de Matamoros, Xuchapa: 18.525, -98.457; 1272 m. 8-VII-2000, 3 (MZFZ). Molcaxac, 44.5 mi. N Acatlán: 18.747, -97.89; 1895 m. 14-99-1972, G. F. & S. Hevel, 1 (USNMENT). San Juan Quiotepec, Tehuacán- Oaxaca, Carretera, km 147: 17.586, -96.606; 1678 m. 99-XI-1988, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Tehuacán, Tehuacán: 18.466, -97.380; 1616 m. 9-X-2019, 1 (Naturalista). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. Ciudad de Maíz, Cárdenas-Ciudad del Maíz: 22.38, - 99.599; 1311 m. 22-X-1989, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Rioverde, Río Verde: 21.916, - 99.983; 986 m. 15-IX-1974, 1 (CNIN). Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí: 22.150, -99.023; 215 m. 15-99-1936, 1 (USNMENT). TAMAULIPAS. Güeméz, Río San Marcos: 23.753, -98.909; 200 m. 29-XI-1986, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 3-VI-1987, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 30-VI-1987, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 4-VI-1992, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC). Victoria, Área Natural Protegida "Altas Cumbres", Cañón El Novillo: 23.698, -99.210; 441 m. 7-VI-2018, Juan Cruzado Cortés, 1 (Naturalista). Cañón del Novillo: 23.699, -99.19; 400 m. 24-VIII-2003, Jim P. Brock, 1 (MZFC). Ciudad Victoria: 23.736, -99.141; 311 m. 10-X-2019, Felipe Eduardo San Martín González, 2 (Naturalista). Victoria: 23.70, - 99.141; 357 m. 10-VI-1941, Stallings & Turner, 2 (AMNH); 10-VI-1941, 4 (AMNH). NUEVO LEÓN. General Escobedo, San Nicolás de los Garza: 25.773, -100.272; 477 m. 10- IX-2016, Ricardo Chávez, 1 (Naturalista). Guadalupe, Gran Parque Río La Silla: 25.66, -100.254; 490 m. 20-XI-2017, Guillermo Rodríguez, 1 (Naturalista). Jardínes de la Silla: 25.645 -100.207; 544 m. 17-XI-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Río La Silla: 25.6535, -100.271; 510 m. 5-IX-2015, Jovanna Ortiz Llanas, 1 (Naturalista). Monterrey, La Estanzuela: 25.550, - 100.270; 700 m. 18-XI-2013, Carlos G. Velasco Macías, 1 (Naturalista); 2-VII-2016, Ignacio A. Rodríguez, 1 (Naturalista). Monterrey: 25.677, -100.282; 511 m. 13-VI-2016, Carlos G. Velasco Macías, 1 (Naturalista); 15-XI-2017, Juan Carlos García Morales, 3 (Naturalista); 27-IV-2018, Leonardo Guzmán, 1 (Naturalista); 10-X-2018, Héctor Villalón Moreno, 1 (Naturalista). Papalote Museo del Niño: 25.676, -100.284; 510 m. 5- 123 XI-2018, Héctor Villalón Moreno, 1 (Naturalista); 7-XI-2018, Héctor Villalón Moreno, 1 (Naturalista). Parque Fundidora: 25.677, -100.284; 510 m. 10-X-2018, Héctor Villalón Moreno, 1 (Naturalista); 31-X-2018, Héctor Villalón Moreno, 1 (Naturalista); 31-X- 2018, 1 (Naturalista); 24-I-2019, Héctor Villalón Moreno, 1 (Naturalista); 4-XI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Parque La Estanzuela: 25.548, -100.270; 707 m. 28-VI-2016, Carlos G. Velasco Macías, 1 (Naturalista); 2-VII-2017, Carlos G. Velasco Macías, 1 (Naturalista); 24-VIII-2019, Ignacio A. Rodríguez, 2 y 2 (Naturalista). San Nicolás de los Garza, Ciudad Universitaria UANL: 25.724, -100.314; 520 m. 7-XI-2016, Carolina García, 1 (Naturalista). Santiago, Cola de Caballo: 25.36, -100.160; 678 m. 5-IX-2000, Jim P. Brock, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 21-X-2003, Nick Block, 1 (Naturalista). Santiago: 25.454, -100.207; 592 m. 22-IV-2017, Carlos G. Velasco Macías, 1 (Naturalista). GUANAJUATO. 7-XII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Acámbaro, Área Natural Protegida "Sierra de los Agustinos": 20.164, -100.665; 2127 m. 30-VIII-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Guanajuato, Cerro de La Coyota: 21.011, -101.294; 2070 m. 17-XI-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Guanajuato: 21.014 -101.255; 2070 m. 17-IX-2017, 1 (Naturalista); 22-X-2017, 1 (Naturalista/Naturalista); 19-XI-2017, 1 (Naturalista); 10-XII-2017, 1 (Naturalista); 19-VIII-2018, 1 (Naturalista); 9-IX-2018, 1 (Naturalista); 28-X-2018, 1 (Naturalista); 16-III-2019, 1 (Naturalista); 5-X-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Yerbabuena: 20.98, -101.259; 2085 m. 14-IV-2019, 1 (Naturalista); 10-XI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Irapuato, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato: 20.753, -101.330; 1777 m. 16-XI-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Ocampo, Presa La Luz, Cieneguillas: 21.736, -101.543; 2200 m. 29-V- 1991, Alberto Rodríguez A., 1 (MZFC). Pénjamo, Pénjamo: 20.451, -101.675; 1733 m. 15-VIII-2018, 1 , (Naturalista). Romita, Pénjamo-La Piedad: 20.716, -101.68; 1723 m. 6- VIII-1975, C. R. Beutelspacher B. 1 (CNIN). San Miguel de Allende, Jardín Botánico "El Charco del Ingenio": 20.917, -100.727; 2027 m. 23-II-2019, 1 (Naturalista). QUERÉTARO. Cadereyta de Montes, Cadereyta de Montes: 20.693 -99.81; 2038 m. 23-V- 2016, José Belem Hernández Díaz, 1 (Naturalista); 11-IX-2016, José Belem Hernández 124 Díaz, 1 (Naturalista); 20-VIII-2018, José Belem Hernández Díaz, 1 (Naturalista); 17- V-2020, José Belem Hernández Díaz, 1 (Naturalista). Jardín Botánico Regional de Cadereyta "Ing. Manuel González de Cosio": 20.686, -99.80; 2052 m. 6-IX-2014, José Belem Hernández Díaz, 1 (Naturalista); 12-XII-2016, José Belem Hernández Díaz, 1 (Naturalista). Corregidora, Fraccionamiento Vista Real: 20.522, -100.388; 2128 m. 4-V- 2019, Coronado Govaerts, 1 y 1 (Naturalista). Polotitlán, San Antonio Escobedo: 20.245, -99.89; 2258 m. 19-VII-2014, 1 (Naturalista). San Juan Del Río, Presa Constitución de 1917: 20.398, -100.092; 1932 m. 20-X-2016, Laura Uribe, 1 (Naturalista); 28-XI-2016, Laura Uribe, 1 (Naturalista). San Juan del Río: 20.389, -99.916; 2045 m. 19-VII-2014, 1 (Naturalista). San Miguel Galindo: 20.377, -100.077; 1946 m. 25-VIII-2019, Jacinto Gildardo, 2 (Naturalista). Arroyo Seco, Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda: 21.317, -99.5065; 657 m. 23-VII-2014, 1 (Naturalista). Jalpan de Serra, Jalpan de Serra: 21.207, -99.456; 764 m. 3-99-1982, William H. Howe, 1 (USNMENT). Peñamiller, 4 mi W de Peñamiller: 21.087, -99.845; 1460 m. 4-IX-2007, Andrew Warren, 2 (MZFC). Corredor Ecológico de la Sierra Madre Oriental: 21.007, -99.707; 1209 m. 25- XI-2019, Polo Hernández, 1 (Naturalista). Peña Blanca: 21.1, -99.763; 1586 m. 17-VIII- 1988, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 y 2 (MZFC). AGUASCALIENTES. Aguascalientes, Presa La Luz, 1 km al N. 1300 m. 29-V-1991, Alberto Rodríguez, 1 (MZFC). Carretera 45, Aguascalientes-León km 116: 21.77 -102.2775; 1877 m. 20-VII- 2014, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 y 7 (MZFC); 20-VII-2014, Marysol Trujano Ortega, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-2014, Uri Omar García Vázquez, 5 y 2 (MZFC). ESTADO DE MÉXICO. Malinalco, Malinalco: 18.919, -99.481; 1579 m. 99-VIII-1979, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 3-XI-2017, Zabdiel Peralta, 1 (Naturalista). GUATEMALA. IZABAL, Morales, Cayuga: 15.530, -88.695; 36 m. 99-99- 9999, 1 (USNMENT). ZACAPA, Gualan, Aldea El Arenal, Cabañas, Zacapa: 15.121, - 89.377; 126 m. 30-X-2017, Jiichiro Yoshimoto, 1 (JY); 2-VI-2018, Jiichiro Yoshimoto, 1 (JY). BAJA VERAPAZ, Rabinal, Rabinal: 15.084, -90.491; 914 m. 3-VII-1947, C. & P. Vaurie, 2 (AMNH). EL SALVADOR. Metapán, Hacienda San José. 18/19-99-1952, 125 G. Kruesman, 1 (RMNH. INS). HONDURAS. FRANCISCO MORAZÁN, Distrito Central, Tegucigalpa: 14.061, -87.17; 1078 m. 18-99-1918, F. J. Dyer, 1 (USNMENT). Another material examined (databases). MEXICO. SONORA. 99-99-9999, 2 (CAS). Estado de Sonora. 99-V-1991, 1 (WELLS). Bacanora, Carretera 16, 11.5 mi al E de Río Yaqui: 28.583, -109.349; 936 m. 4-VIII-1984, M. J. Smith, 2 (CAS). NAYARIT. 3 mi al SE de Emiliano Zapata. 900m. 22-VIII-1973, L. O´Brian & J. S., 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Huajicori, Zapata: 22.801, -105.203; 1625 m. 99-VIII-9999, Miller S., 1 (FLMNH/AME). JALISCO. 99-99-9999, 1 (CAS). Chapala, Ajijic: 20.291, -103.260; 1520 m. 2-IX-1965, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 20-VII-1966, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 8-VIII-1966, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 3-IX-1966, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 4-XII-1966, Robert G. Wind, 2 (CMNH); 7-XII-1966, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 9-XII-1966, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 17-XII-1966, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH). Puerto Vallarta, Ixtlán del Río, 5 km SE: 20.903, -105.083; 194 m. 20-VIII-1976, Ross, 1 (CAS). COLIMA. Colima, Ciudad de Colima: 19.230, -103.694; 495 m. 99-I-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Colima: 19.243, -103.730; 486 m. 481 m. 26-I-1968, R. Warren, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Comalá, Comalá: 19.314, -103.760; 597 m. 4-V-1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 10-V- 1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 19-V-1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH). MICHOACÁN. Angamacutiro, Ucácuaro: 20.153, -101.759; 1814 m. 23-V-1983, E. Zárate G., 1 (CNIN); 22-VIII-1983, E. Zárate G., 1 (CNIN); 9-XII-1983, E. Zárate G., 1 (CNIN). Jungapeo, La Granja: 19.472, -100.476; 1639 m. 1-XII-1965, 2 (CMNH). Peribán, Los Chorros del Varal: 19.495, -102.545; 1318 m. 2-VIII-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 11 (MZFC); 18-VIII-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 6 (MZFC); 2-IX-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 14 (MZFC); 12-X-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 6 (MZFC); 13-X-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 3 (MZFC); 18-XI-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 1 (MZFC); 3-XII-1990, Armando Luis Martínez & L. Arteaga G., 1 (MZFC). Villamar, Pozos de Ixtlán, 18 mi W de Zamora: 19.969, -102.541; 1577 m. 99-VIII-1973, L. O´Brian & J. S., 2 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-9999, Miller S., 2 (FLMNH/AME). GUERRERO. Juan R. Escudero, Tierra Colorada, Papagayo: 17.165, -99.583; 265 m. 99-IX-1967, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). Mochitlán, Acahuizotla: 17.345, -99.447; 670 m. 99-IX-1955, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-X-1955, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VII-1957, Dealer, 2 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99- 126 VIII-1958, Dealer, 4 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-XI-1958, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII- 1961, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-1967, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VII- 1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 13 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 11 (CNIN); 99-VII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99-VIII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME); 99-IX-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99-X-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99-XI-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Pilcaya, Parque Nacional Grutas de Cacahuamilpa: 18.669, -99.509; 1093 m. 11-X-1959, 1 (CNIN). Taxco De Alarcón, Las Granadas: 18.583, -99.483; 1283 m. 20-IX-1915, 1 (CNIN). MORELOS. Amacuzac, Huajintlán: 18.584, -99.405; 959 m. 99-VIII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Ayala, Rancho El Polvorín, Villa de Ayala: 18.766, -98.966; 1210 m. /6-XI-1972, H. Pérez R., 1 (CNIN). Cuernavaca, Cuernavaca: 18.899, -99.221; 1420 m. 21-VII-1975, B. O. O'hara, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Tlaltizapán De Zapata, Las Estacas: 18.729, -99.1114; 957 m. 99-XII-1964, 1 (CNIN); 29-XII-1965, R. A. B., 1 (MGCL- FLMNH); 29-XII-1965, R. De la Maza, 1 (CNIN); 99-XII-9999, R. De la Maza, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Tlaquiltenango, Rancho Viejo, Villa Ayala: 18.399, -99; 1257 m. 21-IX- 1956, R. De la Maza, 3 (CNIN); 2-IX-1965, R. De la Maza, 1 (CNIN); 18-IX-1965, R. De la Maza, 1 (CNIN); 21-IX-1965, R. De la Maza, 10 (CNIN); 99-VII-1972, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN); 12-X-1972, R. De la Maza, 1 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1979, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). Tlaquiltenango, Paraje Rancho Viejo: 18.423, -99.011; 952 m. 20-XI- 1965, R. A. B., 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH); 99-XI-9999, R. De la Maza, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Xoxocotla, Alpuyeca: 18.707, -99.248; 1030 m. 99-VII-1976, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 6 (CNIN); 5-VII-1976, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 3-X-1976, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 17-VII-1977, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 1-XII-1981, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN). Yautepec, Cañón de Lobos, 10 mi E Cuernavaca: 18.899, - 99.0575; 1223 m. 13-VII-1956, 1 (CNIN); 18-VIII-1962, 1 (CNIN); 15-VII-1965, 1 (CNIN); 99-X-1974, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 20-XII-1974, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 15-III- 1975, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 21-II-1976, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 28-II-1976, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 21-III-1976, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 12-XII-1976, C. Velázquez, 1 (CNIN); 2-I-1977, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). OAXACA. 99-99-9999, 1 (CAS). Cosoltepec, Chazumba, Arroyo 2 km. Oeste Joluxtla: 18.155, -97.748; 1648 m. 24-VII-2006, John Kemner, 5 (MZFC). Santa María Ixcatlán, Santa María Ixcatlán-San Pedro Nodón: 127 17.816, -97.15; 1789 m. 8-VII-2005, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Santiago Nacaltepec, El Venado: 17.583, -97; 1262 m. 12-VI-2005, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Nacaltepec cerca de San Juan Tonaltepec, cañón abajo del rancho El Paraíso: 17.566, -96.95; 1824 m. /21-VIII- 2005, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Nacaltepec, El Moral: 17.466, -96.933; 2230 m. 19-X-2006, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Río La Joya, abajo del Rancho "El Paraíso": 17.566, -96.95; 1824 m. 21-VIII-2005, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-2005, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán, +/- 2 km S Santiago Domingillo, Camino Viejo, Arroyo arriba al manantial: 17.616, -96.933; 1100 m. 2-IX-2006, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). 1 km S de Santiago Dominguillo: 17.633, -96.916; 883 m. 8-VIII-2005, John Kemner, 8 (MZFC); 12- XII-2005, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). 1-5 km S Santiago Dominguillo: 17.616, -96.916; 1114 m. 15-XI-2005, John Kemner, 3 (MZFC). 4 km S Santiago Dominguillo: 17.616, -96.916; 851 m. 1114 m. 21-XI-2005, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC). Cuicatlán Concepción Pápalo: 17.883, -96.983; 639 m. 9-VIII-2005, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC). Camino viejo Cuicatlán- Quiotepec, Río Cacahuatal, El Puente: 17.86, -96.983; 609 m. 3-IX-2006, John Kemner, 4 (MZFC). Cuicatlán, Quiotepec: 17.9, -96.983; 549 m. 24-VIII-2005, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC). Ixtaltepec Almoloyas-El Venado: 17.6, -97.016; 1734 m. 3-VIII-2005, John Kemner, 8 (MZFC). Dominguillo camino Viejo Cañones del lado occidental: 17.616, - 96.933; 1100 m. 2-X-2006, John Kemner, 4 (MZFC). San Juan Bautista Suchitepec, +/- 5 km S San Pedro y San Pablo Tequitepec, camino a Guadalupe Cuautepec: 18.033, -97.683; 2057 m. 22-VI-2006, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC). San Juan Tepeuxila, +/- 3 km E Tutepetongo: 17.733, -96.866; 1651 m. 18-X-2006, John Kemner, 6 (MZFC). Camino a Tepeuxtla 3 km E Tutepetongo: 17.73, -96.866; 1653 m. 13-X-2006, John Kemner, 4 (MZFC). San Pablo Huitzo, 10 km N caseta Huitzo: 17.276, -96.88; 1697 m. 30-VI-2006, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). San Pablo Villa de Mitla, Mitla: 16.915, -96.332; 1754 m. 2-III-1948, Lochead, 1 (CAS). Santiago Tenango, 10-12 km N caseta Huitzo: 17.3, -97.016; 1942 m. /16-VI-2006, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Santiago Huauclilla, 2-3 km Este de Huauclilla: 17.450, -97.071; 2073 m. 4-VIII-2006, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, Tehuantepec: 16.32, -95.238; 48 m. 16-VIII-1964, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH). Tepelmeme Villa de Morelos, Tepelmeme Cañón, La Unión-Las Flores: 17.95, -97.366; 2193 m. 7-IX-2006, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Totontepec Villa de Morelos, Totontepec: 17.256, -96.026; 1833 m. 99- VI-1945, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VI-9999, 1 (FLMNH/AME). CHIAPAS. 128 Chiapa De Corzo, El Chorreadero: 16.753, -92.973; 627 m. 26-VII-1973, R. Warren, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH). Huitiupán, Ocotal: 17.191, -92.725; 699 m. 16-VII-1956, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH). Comitán de Domínguez, Santa Rosa, Comitán: 16.467, -92.225; 2294 m. 99-VII-1969, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Ocosingo, Yaxoquintela: 16.8755, - 91.703; 1174 m. 6-X-1978, J. E. Rawlins, 1 (CMNH). Soyaló, Bombaná: 16.956, -93.021; 604 m. 10-IX-1974, R. Warren, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-IX-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, El Chorreadero, 15 km S de Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 16.710, - 93.066; 954 m. 99-VII-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). HIDALGO. Tasquillo, Tasquillo: 20.551, -99.312; 1645 m. 99-XI-1961, Dealer, 4 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-X-1962, Dealer, 4 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Puente Taxquillo: 20.526, -99.301; 1671 m. 99-X- 9999, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99-X-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99-XI-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99-XI-9999, 1 (FLMNH/AME). TAMAULIPAS. Victoria, Ciudad Victoria: 23.7369164, -99.1411154; 314 m. 10-VI-1941, Esteban Dzib Tec, 3 (MGCL-FLMNH). Catemaco, Catemaco: 18.419, -95.099; 338 m. 99-IX-1954, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-1965, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-IX-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME). Ixhuatlán del Café, Presidio: 19.069, -96.971; 1325 m. 99-VI- 1944, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-IX-1955, Dealer, 3 (MGCL-FLMNH). Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 19.065, -96.934; 936 m. 99-VI-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME); 99-IX-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME). NUEVO LEÓN. 99- 99-9999, 4 (CAS). Linares Linares, 20 mi W: 24.713, -99.78; 1419 m. 8-XI-1946, E. C. Van Dyke & E. S. Ross, 1 (CAS). DURANGO. Durango, Victoria de Durango: 23.886, -104.727; 2163 m. 10-VI-1941, 1 (LACM); 10-VI-9999, (CMNH); 99-VI-9999, 1 (FLMNH/AME). GUANAJUATO. Romita, Pénjamo-La Piedad: 20.716, -101.683; 1723 m. 6-VIII-1975, C. R. Beutelspacher B., 1 (CNIN). ESTADO DE MEXICO. Malinalco, Malinalco: 18.919, - 99.481; 1570 m. 99-VII-1945, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Lasaia pseudomeris Clench, 1972 Lasaia pseudomeris Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10 (2): 170 Figs. 37-42 Type locality: Bolivia, Santa Cruz, San José de Chiquitos 129 Distribution: Costa Ria, Bolivia, Venezuela, Perú, Brazil, Guiana and French Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador and Trinidad. Hostplants: unknown Lasaia pseudomeris: Clench, 1972; Robbins et al., 1996; DeVries, 1997; Garwood & Lehman, 2009; Warren et al., 2017; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2023. Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and black, short sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part, presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region is white. White palps, with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 38A-38D). Antennas. Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 39A-39B). Legs. Prothoracic white, second and third of white/cream color. Thorax. Metallic blue/green coloration. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 37). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small black and white cilias. Marginal region with squared shaped spots, with black scales above the veins. Presence of spots in the postmedial region, those below of vein M3 are faded or absent. Presence of whitish costal spots (2-3), in the medial region. Presence of spots in the medial region, throughout the wing, discontinuous line. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small white and brown cilias. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots, and black/brown scales above veins. Presence of three big spots between veins Sc+R1-M2, with faded spots below. In the submedial region, between veins Sc+R1-R, presence of white scales with a black spot. Wings (ventral view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 37). Background coloration white with brown. Marginal region with rounded spots. Brown coloration in the postmedial region. Presence of a band in the postmedial region; outer edge is straight. Brown coloration in the submedial region. Presence of discal spot. FW. Background coloration white with brown. Marginal region with rounded spots. Presence of a band in the postmedial region, outer edge is straight. Postmedial region with lineal shaped spots throughout the wing. Metallic blue coloration in the submedial region, between veins Sc+R1-Rs. Presence of submedial spot. White coloration in the postbasal region, between veins Sc+R1-Rs Abdomen. Metallic blue/green coloration in dorsal view, and whitish/pale brown in ventral view, with brown/grey scales at the distal region (Fig. 39C). Genitalia . uncus slightly lobuled, almost flat; tegumen presents a trapezoidal shape, presence of a “window” near at uncus and falces; falces sclerotized and thick, projected 130 forwards; vinculum semicurved forming an obtuse angle, just below the tegumen; aedeagus slightly curved, sclerotized, and the basal part (near the frenum) thicker; frenum thicker and wide; upper and lower valves membranous, with filaments and without spines; bulla scobinata sensu Clench bell shaped; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis: L. pseudomeris can be counfused with L. meris, because they have similar coloration (mettalic blue/green), and similar size. According to the original description and the figure of L. meris, it has a well-marked submedial spot compared to L. pseudomeris, which is diffuse or in some cases absent. On the hindwings (dorsal view), the spots of the postmedial band, are continuous throughout the wing in L. meris, while in L. pseudomeris, below the M2 vein, are diffuse or absent. Regarding L. arsis, they can be confused due to the coloration (metallic blue/green) but not in size, since L. pseudomeris is much smaller than L. arsis. Also, the spots in the marginal region, and postmedial band of the hind wigs (dorsal view) are diffused from the M2 vein in L. pseudomeris, while in L. arsis, they are well- marked. In L. arsis, the submedial spot (ventral view), is well differentiated, while in L. pseudomeris it is not. Description Head. Brown hairy eyes, with white scales at the palps; ocular ring with white-brown scales; frons with white and grey scales. Antennae. Black with rounded white scales. Thorax. Grey scales in the dorsal view, and white-blue scales in ventral view. Legs. White scales over all the legs. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig.40) Background coloration brown with white scales, and black spots. Marginal region with black circular spots between R4–1A+2A veins; those who are located between R4–Cu2 are bigger than the spots near of tornus. The rest of the wing has the typical spots of the genus. Posterior (FW) (Fig. 26). Background coloration white/cream, except of the medial region that is more opaque, almost brown. The rest of maculation is similar to the dorsal view, both in shape and position. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 40). Background color brown, with the exception of above the sector R, where they are cream/beige coloration, with the presence of black spots. Marginal region with irregular spots, approximately of the same size, the spots below of veins 1A+2A, are smaller. Postmedia region exhibits a series of trapezoidal macules between veins Sc+R1–M2, these can become fused with the macules of the veins Rs–M1, of the medial region. The rest of the wing, has the typical spots of the genus. FW. Background coloration white/cream, with the exception of the medial region that is more opaque, almost 131 brown. Postmedial region, below veins 1A+2A veins, have a trapezoidal macule more prominent. The rest of macules are similar to the dorsal view, both in shape and position. Abdomen. Black with blue/green metallic scales in the dorsal view, and whitish/cream scales in ventral view. Genitalia (Fig. 41). Corpus bursae thick, “pear” shaped, without signa; ductus bursae widened in the region near of corpus bursae, and thinner in the region proximal of ostium bursae, approximately the same length as the corpus bursae, in ventral view, it is located in the middle part of the sternite 8; sternites 6, 7 and 8 are sclerotized. Diagnosis. L. pseudomeris can be separated from other species of the genus Lasaia, by the presence of circular macules of uniform size at the marginal region, on the forewings and hindwings. Additionally, in the postmedial region of the hindwing, the macules near the apex can become fused, not present in other species of the genus. This species its almost the same size of Lasaia sula spp. Material examined (Fig.42). COSTA RICA. CARTAGO, Turrialba, Turrialba; 9.905, - 83.679; 630 m. 10-99-1932, H. L. King, 1 (USNMENT). Culebra Bay. 26-I-1928, 1 (AMNH). COLOMBIA. Caqueta, R. Orteguaza. 1000 m. 16-99-1969, S. S. Nicolay, 1 (USNMENT). Felipe Ovalle Q. 99-99-9999. 2 (AMNH). Mitu, E. 30-99-1979, Phil Mays, 1 (USNMENT). VENEZUELA. Mt. Duida. 19-XI-1928, 1 (AMNH). ARAGUA, Ocumare de la Costa de Oro, Ocumare de la Costa de Oro; 10.4630, -67.768; 15 m. 16-99- 1985, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT). CARABOBO, Carlos Arevalo, Yuma; 10.100, - 67.699; 495 m. 30-99-1985, R. Robbins, 1 (USNMENT). ECUADOR. Napo, Río Latas; 620 m. 99-99-1977, R. de Lafebre, 1 (USNMENT). Cotonudo. 640 m. 99-99-1979, R. de Lafebre, 1 (USNMENT). PERU. LORETO, Maynas, Mazan, Maynas; -3.282, -72.904, 98 m. 23-X-2019, Jude Kesl, 1 (Naturalista). Río Sucusari; -3.233, -72.916; 118 m. 17- 99-1995, D. Harvey, 1 (USNMENT); 13-99-1995, G. Lamas, 1 (USNMENT). SAN MARTÍN, Moyobamba, Moyobamba; -6.041, -76.96; 882 m. 27-I-1925, 1 (AMNH); 99- 99-1957, 1 (USNMENT). Lamas, Tabalosos, Puente Ecuador; -6.366, -76.666; 475 m. 12-99-1998, Robbins & Lamas, 1 (USNMENT). JUNÍN, Chanchamayo, Chanchamayo, Nijandaris; 11.001, -75.314; 699 m. 17-X-2019, Rob Westerduijn, 1 (Naturalista). Río 132 Santiago, 2-XII-1924, 1 (AMNH). Río Morona. 21-I-1925, 1 (AMNH). MADRE DE DIOS, Manu, Fitzcarrald, Parque Nacional Manu; -11.93, -71.255, 340 m. 12-99-1991, O. Mielke, 1 (USNMENT); 5-99-1990, G. Lamas, 1 (USNMENT); 6-II-2020, 1 (Naturalista). Tambopata, Laberinto, 50 Km. WSW Pto. Maldonado; -12.75, -69.583; 257 m. 99-IX-1992, Carlos Tello E, 1 (USNMENT). BRAZIL. Igarapi-Assn. 99-99-9999, H. S. Parrish, 1 (AMNH). Amazonas. 8-X-1945, Benjamin Constant, 1 (AMNH). Chapada. 99-99-9999. 8 (USNMENT). AMAZONAS, Maués, Manaus, Anavilhanas; - 2.687, -60.72; 19 m. 31-VIII-2016, Sheelagh Halsey, 1 (Naturalista). ACRE, Porto Acre, Porto Acre, Amazonas; 9.774, -67.611; 150 m. 20-IV-2019, Martin Acosta, 1 (Naturalista). RONDÔNIA, Governador Jorge Teixeira, Governador Jorge Teixeira, Governador Jorge Teixeira, Vic[cinity] Caucalandia; -10.5333, -62.8; 240 m. 10-99-1991, J. MacDonald, 1 (USNMENT). TOCANTINS, Pium, Pium; -9.982, -50.016; 177 m. 12-IV- 2017, Marcelo Barbosa, 1 (Naturalista). MATO GROSSO, Diamantino, Diamantino, Alto Río Arinos; -14.2166, -56.2; 400 m. 7-99-1991, E. Furtado, 1 (USNMENT). Poconé, Poconé, Sout Wild Pantanal Lodge; -16.762, -56.87; 115 m. 1-IX-2019, Allan Hopkins, 1 (Naturalista). GUIANA. UPPER TAKUTU-UPPER ESSEQUIBO, Rewa River; 3.759, - 58.716; 95 m. 13-III-2012, Tom Murray, 1 (Naturalista). FRENCH GUIANA. CAYENNE, Sinnamary, Malmanoury; 5.293, -52.830; 8 m. 29-99-1991, Jean-Yves Gallard, 1 (USNMENT). Sinnamary; 5.373, -52.954; 4 m. 3-99-1991, Christian Brevignon 1 (CB); 10-99-1993, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). BOLIVIA. EL BENI, Vaca Diez, Riberalta, Riberalta; -11.0093, -66.076; 136 m. 19-IX-2019, Severin te Lindert, 1 (Naturalista). Lasaia sessilis Schaus, 1890 Lasaia sessilis Schaus, 1890: Entomologica Americana. 6(1): 18. Figs. 43-49 Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, Coatepec Distribution: EUA (Texas) to Costa Rica Host plants: Unknown 133 Lasaia sessilis: Seitz, 1860-1938 (Lasaia agesilas); Godman & Salvin, 1879-1901; Schaus, 1890; Stichel, 1910; Stichel, 1911; Hoffmann, 1940; Clench, 1972; De la Maza & White, 1990; Balcázar, 1993; DeVries, 1997; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1999; Monteagudo et al., 2007; Salinas-Gutiérrez et al., 2004; Garwood & Lehman, 2005; Luna-Reyes et al., 2008; Luna-Reyes et al., 2012; Álvarez-García et al., 2016; Warren et al., 2017; Arellano- Covarrubias et al., 2018; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2019; Luis-Martínez et al., 2021; Yoshimotot et al., 2021; Gallardo, 2023 Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and black, short sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part, presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region its white. White palps, with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 44A-44D). Antennas. Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 45A and 45B). Legs. All legs present grey color. Thorax. Brown scales. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 43). Background coloration metallic brown, with small black and white cilias. Square spots in the marginal region, with black scales above the veins. Presence of small spots in the postmedial region, below vein M2. Presence of linear shaped spots across the wing in the medial region. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic brown, with small white and brown cilias. Presence of square spots in the marginal region, with black scales above the veins. Postmedial region, with linear spots between Sc+R1-M2 veins, with small spots below. Black/brown scales in the submedial region, with a rounded shape spot between Sc+R1-R veins. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 43). Background coloration brown. Marginal region with square spots. Presence of a regular band at the edge of the postmedial region. Presence of a thin linear shaped spot in the discal region. FW. Background coloration brown, with rounded spots in the marginal region. Presence of a regular band at the edge of the postmedial region. Presence of a spot in the submedial region. Brown coloration in the postbasal region, between Sc+R1-RS veins. Abdomen. Brown color in dorsal and ventral view, with brown scales at the distal region (Fig. 45C). Genitalia (Fig. 46). Uncus relatively flat; heavily sclerotized tegumen, the anterior part is more sclerotized; sclerotized falces, curved and projected forwards, the upper part (near at uncus) has a curved edge; aedeagus curved, sclerotized and thin, with an exception of the part below the frenum, which is thicker; upper and lower valves are membranous with filaments; bulla scobinata sensu Clench small and bell shaped; absence of cornutis. 134 Diagnosis. L. sessilis can be easily recognized from other species of Lasaia genus, because it’s the only species that presents a copper-brown coloration on the wings (dorsal-ventral view). According with Clench (1972) the only species that have this coloration are L. sessilis and L. scotina, however, the latter taxon is currently no longer within the genus Lasaia. Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Palps with white and some brown scales. Frons with white and brown scales. Ocular ring with white and brown scales. Antennas. Metallic black/blue with some ringed white scales. Thorax. Brown scales in the dorsal region, and white in the ventral. Legs. All the legs present white/cream scales. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig.47). Background coloration brown, with spots black/brown. Marginal region with rounded spots of similar size, between R4–1A+2A veins. Postmedial region exhibit a series of spots of different sizees, those located near the apex, limited between R3–M2 veins, are broader and have a trapezoidal shape; those between M2– 1A+2A veins, are thin. The medial, submedial and postbasal regions, present linear shaped spots, typical of the genus. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown with black/brown spots. Marginal region with rounded spots of different sizes, from the apex to the tornus. The spots located in the postmedial region, are linear shaped, thin and have similar sizes. The medial, submedial and postbasal regions present linear shaped spots, typical of the genus. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 47). Background coloration copper brown, with black/brown spots, typical of the genus. Marginal region with rounded spots of similar size, between R4–1A+2A veins, these are slightly faded. Postmedial region with a series of spots of different sizes; those located near at apex between R3–M2 veins, area broader and have a trapezoidal shape, while those found between M2–1A+2A veins, are thin. The medial, submedial and postbasal regions present linear shaped spots, typical of the genus. FW. Background coloration copper brown, with black/brown spots typical of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar sizes, between RS–1A+2A veins. Postmedial region with thin linear shaped spots of similar sizes. The medial, submedial and postbasal regions present linear shaped spots, typical of the genus. Abdomen. Dark brown scales in the dorsal view, and pale brown/cream on the ventral region. Genitalia (Fig. 48) Corpus bursae elongated and thin, without signa; ductus bursae slightly wider tin the region proximal to corpus bursae and ostium bursae, approximately the 135 same length as the corpus bursae; in ventral view located in the extreme left of the sternum 8, sternums 6, 7 and 8 are sclerotized. Diagnosis. L. sessilis is easily separated from other species of Lasaia by the copper brown coloration of wings in ventral view; absence of discal spot on the forewings. The female of L. sessilis has been widely confused with the female of L. a. callaina. The difference between these two is the presence of the macules in the marginal region (forewings and hindwings, ventral view); on L. a. callaina those spots are rounded and bigger, compared to L. sessilis, where they are barely visible, and in some cases diffuse. The spots in the postmedial region between Sc+R1-M2 veins, are thinner in L. sessilis, compared to those in L. a. callaina; the spots in the medial region are completely separated in L. sessilis compared to L. a. callaina. Regarding coloration, females of L. sessilis have a copper brown coloration uniformly at the wings (ventral view), while the females of L. a. callaina, presents pale brown and whitish colorations, principally in the marginal and medial regions (ventral view). Material examined (Fig. 49). MEXICO. NAYARIT. Xalisco, Palapita: 21.411, -105.058; 685 m. 5-XII-1979, Eduardo González Fernández, 1 (MZFC). JALISCO. Autlán de Navarro, Ahuacapan: 19.651, -104.312; 1362 m. 24-VIII-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 14-X-1992, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, Macho (MZFC). Casimiro Castillo, La Calera: 19.675, -104.434; 543 m, 16-X-1992, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC). GUERRERO. Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Acahuizotla: 17.345, -99.447; 670 m. 99-IX-1981, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN). Atoyac de Álvarez, El Faisanal: 17.432, -100.172; 2202 m. 11-XII-1982, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-1983, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 3-VIII-1983, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 9-VIII-1983, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez & Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 24-VIII-1983, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 29-VIII-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 29-IX-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 30-IX-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 6 (MZFC); 30-IX-1983, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 3-X- 1983, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez & Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 3 (MZFC); 136 4-X-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC); 4-X-1983, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 5-X-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 25-X-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 24-II-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 3 (MZFC); 5-XII-1984, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC); 6-XII- 1984, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC). Nueva Delhi: 17.401, -100.185; 1325 m. 28-X-1983, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 21-II-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Puente de los Lugardo, Atoyac de Álvarez: 17.325, -100.245; 922 m. 21-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC). Río Santiago: 17.243, -100.305; 781 m. 22-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 25-VII-1984, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 26-VII-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 2 (MZFC). Huitzuco de los Figueroa, Quetzalapa: 18.317, -99.145; 872 m. 24-IX-2010, Mercedes Luna, 1 (MZFZ). OAXACA. Candelaria Loxicha, La Soledad: 15.975, -96.531; 1521.8 m. 5-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Matías Romero Avendaño, Matías Romero: 16.878, -95.034; 201 m. 18-V-2010, Juan Carlos García Morales, 1 (Naturalista). PLUMA HIDALGO, Finca Aurora-San Isidro: 15.941, - 96.403; 1201 m. 20-III-2007, Marysol Trujano Ortega, 1 (MZFC); 20-III-2007, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 23-VIII-2008, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 26-VIII-2008, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). La Pasionaria: 15.935, -96.416; 1468 m. 23-X-2008, Omar Ávalos Hernández, 1 (MZFC). Magdalena, El Lirio: 15.919, -96.39; 743 m. 19-X-2012, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Pluma Hidalgo: 15.925, -96.42; 1334 m. 29-I-1989, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 21-VII- 2019, Erick Noe Tapia Banda, 1 (Naturalista); 8-IX-2019, Erick Noe Tapia Banda, 2 (Naturalista). Pluma Hidalgo (3 km W): 15.939, -96.433; 1110 m. 20-I-2008, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 22-VI-2018, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 23-X-2008, Marysol Trujano Ortega, 1 (MZFC); 23-X-2008, Omar Ávalos Hernández, 1 (MZFC); 9-VII-2011, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 4- 137 VIII-2011, Omar Ávalos Hernández, 1 (MZFC). San Bartolome Loxicha, Copalita, Llano de Ocote: 15.925, -96.711; 682 m. 23-IX-2008, Marisol Esther Almaraz Almaraz, 1 (MZFC). San José Chiltepec, San José Chiltepec: 17.911, -96.165; 37 m. 99-VII-1968, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). San Juan Comaltepec, Choapam: 17.359, -95.92; 912 m. 27-VI-2009, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC); 27-VI-2009, Marysol Trujano Ortega, 1 (MZFC). San Mateo Piñas, Copalita, Río Copalita: 15.969, -96.28; 518 m. 24- VII-2008, Marisol Esther Almaraz Almaraz, 2 (MZFC). Santiago Comaltepec, Soyolapan El Bajo: 17.695, -96.27; 148 m. 27-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 29-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). CHIAPAS. San Jerónimo. 14- VII-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 18-VIII-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 11-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT). 14-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 30-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 99-99-9999, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT). Chiapa de Corzo, El Chorreadero: 16.753, -92.973; 607 m. 26-VII-1990, L. González, 1 (MZFC); 23-XII-1980, C. R. Beutelspacher B., 1 (CNIN). La Independencia, Santa Rosa: 16.492, -91.766; 1858 m. 99-VII-1990, J. L. Saldaña M., 2 y 1 (CNIN). La Trinitaria, Montebello: 16.111, -91.64; 1399 m. 99-VII-1990, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Motozintla, El Zapote: 15.245, -92.392; 735.5 m. 17-VII-1968, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). Ocosingo, Camino a Tonina: 16.906, -91.956; 882 m. 14-VII-1991, John Kemner & Romack, 1 (MZFC). San Cristobal de las Casas, San Juan Chamula: 16.785, -91.311; 700 m. 19- VII-1993, 1 (MZFC). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero: 16.810, - 93.083; 1338 m. 20-X-2013, Roberto Arreola Alemón, 1 (Naturalista); 24-VII-2017, Diego Manzano Méndez, 1 (Naturalista); 4-VIII-2018, Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, 1 (Naturalista). El Sumidero: 16.819, -93.076; 1309 m. 12-VII-2015, Gordon Karre, 1 (Naturalista). Unión Juárez, San Jerónimo, vic[cinity]. Tacana Volcano: 15.038, -92.12; 767 m. 1-VIII-1970, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH); 2-VIII-1970, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). Villaflores, Benito Juárez: 16.467, -93.25; 1031 m. 11-VIII-2019, Diego Manzano Méndez, 1 (Naturalista). TABASCO. Tacotalpa, Cerro del Coconá: 17.559, -92.879; 40 m. 9-IX- 138 1995, O. Robert, 1 (MZFC). VERACRUZ. 99-99-9999, W. P. Comstock, 1 (AMNH). Ojo de Agua. 487 m. 12-VI-1941, J. & R. Potts, 1 (AMNH). Amatlán de los Reyes, Amatlán de los Reyes: 18.849, -96.9; 717 m. 99-99-1909, R. Müller, 1 (USNMENT). Catemaco, Catemaco: 18.419, -95.09; 347 m. 99-VI-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Dos Amates, Catemaco: 18.472, -95.056; 501 m. 6-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Cuetzalapan: 18.375, -95.013; 340 m. 99-99-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 2 (CNIN). Coatepec, Coatepec: 19.453, -96.956; 1186 m. 99-99-9999, 2 (USNMENT). Fortín, Fortín de las Flores: 18.898, -96.99; 997 m. 5-99-1957, 1 (USNMENT). Ixhuatlán del Café, Presidio: 19.069, -96.97; 1306 m. 99-X-1939, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH); 99-VII-1954, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 99-99-9999, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH). Santiago Tuxtla, Cerro Blanco: 17.226, -94.143; 364 m. 5- VIII-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Cerro El Vigía, Santiago Tuxtla: 18.43, -95.335; 247 m. 17-VII-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Tapalapan: 18.511, - 95.289; 340 m. 12-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-X-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 30-VIII-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 8-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Soteapan, Soteapan: 18.2325, -94.87; 402 m. 5-VII-1983, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-99-1985, 1 (USNMENT). Teocelo, Barranca de Cayoapa, Tejería: 19.206, -96.27; 31 m. 20-VI-1980, Alma Garcés Medina, 1 (MZFC). Xalapa, Jalapa: 19.54, -96.9275; 1454 m. 99-99-9999, W. Schaus, 1 (AMNH); 99-99-9999, Hy. Edwards, 1 (AMNH); 99-99-9999, 4 (USNMENT). Xico, Cascada Texolo, Xico: 19.401, -96.99; 1648 m. 9-VI-1985, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC). PUEBLA. Rancho Alegre. 22-I-1952, 1 (CNIN). Cuetzalan del Progreso, Santiago Yancuictlalpan: 20.059, -97.451; 258 m. 28-VII- 1980, P. Mora S., 1 (CNIN). Francisco Z. Mena, La Ceiba: 20.374, -97.842; 543 m. 9- VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 30-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Izúcar de Matamoros, Xuchapa: 18.525, -98.45; 1277 m. 8- VII-2000, 1 (MZFZ). Jopala, Barranca de Patla: 20.225, -97.851; 777 m. 3-VII-1977, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (CNIN); 16-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 139 (MZFC); 14-VI-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18-VI-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Zihuateutla, Tequezquitla: 20.25, -97.883; 677 m. 2-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (ZMFC); 2-XI-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 29-VII-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 99-V-1980, J. L. Saldaña M., 3 (CNIN); 12-VII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 23-VII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 99-X-1981, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 15-VII- 1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 3 (MZFC); 15-VIII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. CIUDAD VALLES, Ciudad Valles: 22.001, - 99.001; 62 m. 15-IX-1976, A. Williams, 1 (CNIN). Tamazunchale, La Mera Ceiba: 21.207, -98.815; 469 m. 11-VII-1988, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). TAMAULIPAS, Gómez Farías, Reserva de la Biosfera "El Cielo": 23.054, -99.178 879 m. 17-X-2006, Steven Daniel, 1 (Naturalista). Jaumave, Reserva de la Biosfera "El Cielo": 23.149, -99.280; 1558 m. 16-XI-2014, 1 (Naturalista). GUATEMALA. ALTA VERAPAZ, San Cristóbal Verapaz, San Cristóbal Verapaz, Alta Verapaz: 15.367, -90.476; 1395 m. 20-IX-1966, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). SACATEPEQUEZ, Antigua Guatemala, Antigua Guatemala: 14.542, - 90.714; 1652 m. 22-XI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). ESCUINTLA, Escuintla, Escuintla: 14.30, -90.788; 341 m. 99-99-9999, Schaus & Barnes, 1 (USNMENT). NICARAGUA. MASAYA, La Concepción, 18 Km. SSW of Managua: 11.966, -86.22; 524 m. 28-99-1976, R. A. Anderson, 2 (USNMENT). COSTA RICA. Bueno. 18-VIII-1947, P. Vaurie, 1 (AMNH). Volcán Sta. María. 99-99-9999, Schaus & Barnes, 1 (USNMENT). PUNTARENAS. Río Burú, Las Alturas. 1400 m. 5-99-1980, P. de Vries, 1 (USNMENT). Alayuela. 99-99-9999, Schaus & Barnes, 1 (USNMENT). Another material examined (databases). UNITED STATES. TEXAS. 99-99-9999, 2 (CAS). MEXICO. SINALOA, Mazatlán, Mazatlán: 23.249, -106.411; 11 m. 8-XII-1931, 1 (LACM). NAYARIT. Santa María del Oro, Orilla S de la Laguna Santa María del Oro: 21.35, -104.548; 802 m. 21-VIII-1973, L. O´Brian & J. S., 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-9999, Miller S., 1 (FLMNH/AME). JALISCO. Autlán de Navarro, Ahuacatlán: 19.648, -104.312; 140 1508 m. 26-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). COLIMA. Tepames, 0.9 mi S: 19.094, -103.621; 460 m. 17-IX-1986, David K. Faulkner, 1 (SDNHM). MICHOACÁN. Villamar, Pozos de Ixtlán, 18 mi W de Zamora: 19.969, - 102.541; 1577 m. 9-VIII-1973, L. O´Brian & J. S., 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-9999, Miller S., (FLMNH/AME). GUERRERO. Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Acahuizotla: 17.345, -99.447; 670 m. 99-IX-1981, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1992, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-XII-1992, 1 (CNIN). OAXACA. Candelaria Loxicha, Candelaria Loxicha: 15.926, -96.491; 508 m. 29-IX-1969, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH); 2-X- 1969, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH); 10-VIII-1973, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (SDNHM); 17-VIII-1973, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (SDNHM). San José Chiltepec, San José Chiltepec: 17.911, -96.165; 37 m. 99-VII-1964, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN); 99- VIII-1963, 1 (CNIN). San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional, La Soledad: 5-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Santiago Comaltepec, Soyolapan El Bajo: 17.695, - 96.273; 148 m. 27-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 99-VII-1964, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). CHIAPAS. Chiapa de Corzo, El Chorreadero: 16.753, - 92.973; 607 m. 26-VII-1973, R. Warren, 1 (FLMNH). El Chorreadero, 15 km S de Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 16.710, -93.066; 943 m. /99-VII-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Escuintla, Escuintla: 15.305, -92.632; 320 m. 7-IX-1974, R. Warren, 2 (FLMNH). Escuintla, montañas: 15.288, -92.631; 98 m. 99-IX-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). La Independencia, San Antonio Buenavista (Santa Rosa), Independencia: 16.145, -91.625; 1465 m. 99-VII-1990, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Ocosingo, San Quintín: 16.405, -90.654; 160 m. 18-IX-1971, R. Warren, 2 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). 99-VIII-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99-IX-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Unión Juárez, San Jerónimo, Tacaná: 15.038, -92.12; 767 m. 2-VIII-1974, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (SDNHM). VERACRUZ, Amatlán de los Reyes, Amatlán de los Reyes: 18.849, -96.9; 717 m. 99-99-9999, 2 (CMNH). Catemaco, Cuetzalapan: 18.375, -95.013; 340 m. 99-VIII-1981, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1982, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); Dos Amates, Catemaco: 18.472, -95.056; 501 m. 6-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Fortín, Fortín de las Flores: 18.898, -96.997; 998 m. 5-XII-1957, B. Mather, 1 (CMNH); 5- XII-1957, 1 (CMNH). Ixhuatlán del Café, Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 19.065, -96.934; 925 m. 99-VII-1951, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC). Santiago Tuxtla, Cerro El Vigía, Santiago 141 Tuxtla: 18.436, -95.335; 247 m. 17-VII-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 17- VIII-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Tapalapan: 18.511, -95.289; 340 m. 12-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, (MZFC); 12-X-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 30-VIII-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 8-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Tehuipango, Apipitzactitla: 18.499, -97.048; 1950 m. 20-XI-1971, 1 (CNIN). Xico, Cascada Texolo, Xico: 19.40, -96.994; 1648 m. 9-VI-1985, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC). El Puente Texolo, Teocelo-San Marcos: 19.399, -97; 1200 m. 19-VI-1982, Alma Garcés Medina, 1 (MZFC). PUEBLA. Rancho Alegre. 22-I-1952, 1 (CNIN). Xicotepec, La Ceiba: 20.374, -97.842; 543 m. 9-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 30-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Jopala, Barranca de Patla: 20.225, -97.851; 777 m. 1-VII-1977, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 16-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 14-VI-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18-VI-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Zihuateutla, Tequezquitla: 20.25, -97.88; 677 m. 2-VII-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 2-XI-1978, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 29-VII- 1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 2-IX-1979, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-VII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. Ciudad Valles, Ciudad Valles: 22.001, -99.001; 62 m. 10-VI-1969, Héctor Pérez, 1 (MGCL- FLMNH); 11-VI-1969, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 10-VI-1970, H. A. Freeman, (CMNH); 16-VI-1970, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 17-VI-1970, H. A. Freeman, 1 (CMNH); 99-VI- 9999, H. A. Freeman, 1 (FLMNH/AME). QUINTANA ROO. Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Ejido X-maben, Rancho Lan-kiwiik: 19.891, -88.001; 20 m. 14-VII-2002, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 1 (ECOSUR). GUATEMALA. 99-99-9999 4 (CAS). EL SALVADOR. Metapán, Hacienda San José. 21-99-1952, G. Kruseman, 1 (RMNH. INS). COSTA RICA. HEREDIA, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBio: 9.973, -84.094; 1124 m. 99-VIII- 2006, Juan Mata, 1 (INBio). Lasaia sula Staudinger, 1888, stat. nov. Lasaia narses var sula Staudinger, 1888: Exotische Schmetterlinge. 1(18): 257. Lasaia sula sula; Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10(2): 171. Figs. 50-56 142 Type locality: Honduras, San Pedro Sula Distribution: North of Mexico to Brazil Host plants: Albizia sp. Lasaia sula: Seitz, 1860-1938 (Lasaia sula); Godman & Salvin, 1879-1901 (Lasaia meris var sula); Staudinger, 1888; Stichel, 1910 (Lasaia sula); Stichel, 1911; Hoffmann, 1940; Clench, 1972; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1991; Balcázar, 1993; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1996; DeVries, 1997; Warren et al., 1998; Vargas-Fernández et al., 1999; Monteagudo et al., 2001; Llorente-Bousquets et al., 2004; Luis-Martínez et al., 2005; Llorente-Bousquets et al., 2006; Ramírez-Restrepo et al., 2007; Luna-Reyes et al., 2010; Miller et al., 2012; Warren et al., 2017; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2018; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2019; Llorente- Bousquets et al., 2019; Luis-Martínez et al., 2021; Gallardo, 2023 (Lasaia sula) Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and black, short sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part, presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region its white. White palps, with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 51A-51D). Antennas: Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 52A-52B). Legs. Prothoracic white, second and third of white/cream color. Thorax. Metallic blue/green coloration. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 50). Background coloration metallic blue/green; with small black and white cilias. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots, with black/brown scales above veins. Postmedial region with spots, those below M2 veins are shorter. Presence of whitish/blue costal spots (2-3) in the medial region. Presence of lineal shaped spots in the medial region throughout the wing, discontinuous line. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small white and brown cilias. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots, with black/brown scales above veins. Presence of three thin postmedial spots between veins Sc+R1-M2, below fainted or absent. Presence of spots in the submedial region; brown scales with a black spot between Sc+R1-R veins. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 50). Background coloration white with brown. Presence of rounded shaped spots in the marginal region. Presence of the postmedial band; outer edge is straight. Presence of discal spot, comma shaped. FW. Background coloration white with brown. Marginal region with rounded spots. Presence of three postmedial spots between veins Sc+R1-M1, below that there are faded or absent. Brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs veins in the submedial region, and presence of submedial spot. Brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs in the postbasal region. Abdomen. 143 Metallic blue/green coloration in the dorsal view, and whitish/pale brown in the ventral view, with grey/brown scales in the distal region (Fig. 52C). Genitalia (Fig. 53). uncus bilobed with a plane region in the middle; tegumen presents a trapezoidal shape, heavily sclerotized in the anterior region with a little “window” below the uncus and close to the falces; falces sclerotized, slightly thick and projected forwards; vinculum curved, forming an obtuse angle below tegumen; aedeagus semicurved, slightly sclerotized, except for the base that are more sclerotized and thicker; frenum long and thicker; upper and lower vales membranous, without spines and with filaments; bulla scobinata sensu Clench bell shaped, thick and large; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis. L. sula can be separated from L. peninsularis by the shape of the postmedial band; in L. sula is lineal, while in L. peninsularis presents a zigzag shape, in the forewings and hindwings in ventral view. In L. sula from the postbasal band towards the body, the coloration of the wings is brown with whitish/blue (ventral view), while in L. peninsularis, the coloration is completely white. It can also be confused with L. a. callaina du to its coloration (metallic blue/green), however, L. sula is smaller compared to L. a. callaina. Also, L. sula does not have darker medial macules compared to L. a. callaina. Finally, L. sula presents the discal spot (ventral view) comma shaped, while L. callaina lacks such a spot. Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Palps with white and some brown scales. Frons with white scales, and brown silks. Ocular ring with white and grey scales. Antennas. Metallic black/blue with some ringed white scales. Thorax. Metallic blue with gray scales in dorsal view, and white in ventral. Legs. All the legs present white scales. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 54) Background coloration brown, with exception of the medial region, that exhibits a cream/white coloration, with typical black spots of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar size between veins. R4–1A-2A Postmedial region with a series of spots of different sizes; those located near at apex, between R3–M2 veins, are broader and have a trapezoidal shape, and those, between M2–1A+2A are thinner. The medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibit the typical lineal spots of the genus. Presence of discal spot. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown, with an exception of medial region, that exhibit a cream/white coloration, with the typical spots of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar size, since apex to tornus. Postmedial region with a series of spots, those located between Sc+R1–M2 veins, are thicker 144 and rectangular shaped, while those located between veins M2–3A, are thinner and lineal shaped. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibit the typical lineal spots of the genus. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 54). Background coloration brown, with exception of the medial, postbasal and basal regions, that exhibits a cream/white coloration, with typical spots of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar size between R4–1A-2A veins. Postmedial region presents spots of different sizes; those located near at apex, limited between veins R3–M2, are broader and trapezoidal shaped; and those between M2–1A+2A veins, are thinner. Medial, submedial, and postbasal regions, exhibits typical spots of the genus. Presence of discal spot. FW. Background coloration brown, with exception of medial, postbasal and basal region that have cream/white coloration; with typical spots of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar size between Rs–1A+2A veins. Postmedial region with spots, those located between veins, Sc+R1–M2 are thicker and present a trapezoidal shape, while those located between veins M2–, are thinner and have a lineal shape. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions present the typical spots of the genus. Abdomen. Metallic brown/blue in dorsal view, and white scales in ventral view. Genitalia (Fig.55). Corpus bursae elongated and wide, without signa, ductus bursae widened in the region near at corpus bursae, and thinner in the region near at the ostium bursae, approximately the same length as the corpus bursae; in ventral view, is located in the middle part of sternum 7; sternum 8 slightly sclerotized (Fig. 42). Diagnosis. L. s. sula can be confused with L. s. peninsularis and L. a. callaina. To easily separate L. s. sula from L. s. peninsularis, the first one presents a series of thin-linear shaped spots in the postmedial region of the wings below M2. In the case with L. a. callaina, this taxon does not present the discal spot, also, the spots that are located in the postmedial region of the hindwing, between veins Sc+R1–M2 are thick in L. s. sula, while in L. a. callaina are thinner but not as slender as in L. sessilis. Material examined (Fig. 56). MEXICO: SINALOA. Mazatlán: Paco's Nature Reserve: 23.299, -106.443; 21 m. 4-IV-2009, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 13-XI- 2013, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 17-XII-2013, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 2 (Naturalista); 25-XII-2013, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 15- XII-2014, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 18-XII-2014, Francisco Farriols 145 Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 25-XII-2014, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 26- XII-2014, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 29-XII, 2014, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 3-I-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 6-I- 2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 7-I-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 8-I-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 2 y 1 (Naturalista); 13-III-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 24-VII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 8-IX-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 13-IX-2015, Anne, 1 (Naturalista); 6-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 9-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 13-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 18-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 18-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 19-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 21-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 29-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 30-XII-2015, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 12-IV-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 10-VIII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 27-XI-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 28-XI-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 30-XI-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 1-XII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 16-XII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 18-XII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 25-XII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 28-XII-2016, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 4-I-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 10-I-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 13-I-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 10-VI-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 11-VI-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 21-VI-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 2-XI-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 21-XI-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 25-XI-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 29-XI-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 146 (Naturalista); 4-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 2 (Naturalista); 5-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 6-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabi, 1 (Naturalista); 7-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 9-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 2 (Naturalista); 10-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 11-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 13-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 15-XII-2017, 1 (Naturalista); 16-XII-2017, Sergio Escutia Zúñiga, 1 (Naturalista); 17-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 20-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 31-XII-2017, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 1-I-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 20-VIII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 25-VIII- 2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 11-IX-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 9-XI-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 12-XI-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 28-XI-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 30-XI-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 2 y 1 (Naturalista); 5-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 10-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 12- XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 13-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 14-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 2 (Naturalista); 17- XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 18-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 2 y (Naturalista); 21-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 25-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 29-XII-2018, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 2-1-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 6-I- 2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 7-I-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 14-I-2019, Diego Barrales, 2 (Naturalista); 16-VIII-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 25-VIII-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 27-IX-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 11-XI-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 12-XI-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 147 (Naturalista); 17-XI-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 22-XI-2019, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 22-XI-2019, Diego Barrales, 1 (Naturalista); 21-I-2020, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 28-I-2020, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista). Cerritos, Mazatlán: 23.304, -106.481; 9 m. 28-IX-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Mazatlán: 23.249, -106.41; 9 m. 3-XI-2017, Roxana Enciso Alcaraz, 1 (Naturalista). El Potrero de Carrasco: 23.397, -106.451; 67 m. 16-V-2020, 1 (Naturalista). Rancho Los Venados: 23.300, -106.443; 30 m. 7-IV-2009, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 13-XI-2013, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 17- XII-2013, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 25-XII-2013, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista); 25-VII-2014, Francisco Farriols Sarabia, 1 (Naturalista). Venadio. 2 y 2 (USNMENT). NAYARIT. Bahía de Banderas, Bahía de Banderas: 20.694, -105.282; 10 m. 19-XI-1939, 1 (AMNH); 12-XI-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Compostela, Compostela: 21.185, -105.221; 84 m. 6-IX-2019, Ivanya Ferneliz, 1 (Naturalista). Tepic, Jumatán: 21.618, -105.031; 445 m. 13-X-1979, S. López, 1 (MZFC); 29-VIII-1980, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 10-IX-1980, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 28-IX-1996, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Tepic, Atonalisco: 21.664, -104.840; 370 m. 16-XI-2018, Ale Türkmen, 1 (Naturalista). JALISCO, Casimiro Castillo: La Calera: 19.675, -104.434; 543 m. 26-IX- 1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets y Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). La Huerta: Estación de Biología, UNAM, Chamela: 19.51, -105.06; 24 m. 99-XII-1977, C. R. Beutelspacher B., 2 (CNIN); 13-IX-1979, A. Pescador, 1 (CNIN). El Limón: El Limón: 19.82, -104.155; 838 m. 30-IX-2017, Carlos Palomera, 1 (Naturalista). Cabo Corrientes: Yelapa: 20.487, -105.448; 11 m. 16-VI-2017, Cheryl Harleston, 1 (Naturalista). Rancho Primavera, El Tuito: 20.340, -105.347; 595 m. 25-XII-2015, Laura Gaudette, 1 (Naturalista). COLIMA, Colima, Colima: 19.243, -103.73; 484 m. 99-IV-1918, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH); 28-VII-2018, María Isabel Ignacio Sánchez 1 (Naturalista); 1 (CNIN). Carretera Colima-Comala; 19.306, -103.755; 607 m. 28-IX-2018, León Alexei Pizano Rodríguez, 1 (Naturalista). Ciudad de Colima: 19.230, -103.694; 495 m. 20-X- 148 1981, Sergio Hernández Tobías, 1 (MZFC). Comala, Comala: 19.314, -103.760; 587 m. 28-VII-2018, Alex Otxoa Figueroa, 1 (Naturalista); 1 (Naturalista). Tecoman, La Salada: 19.051, -103.756; 348 m. 27-VIII-1982, Sergio Hernández Tobías, 1 (MZFC). Minatitlán, Platanarillo: 19.400, -103.972; 946 m. 21-X-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Ixtlahuacan, Tamala: 19.006, -103.725; 222 m. 20- IX-1981, Sergio Hernández Tobías, 1 (MZFC). 30-VI-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez, Agua Dulce: 19.266, -103.883; 931 m. 28- IX-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 5 (MZFC); 29-IX-1989, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 13 (MZFC); 26-VIII-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 10 (MZFC); 17-XI-1990, Armando Luis Martínez 1 (MZFC); 22-II-1992, Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 27-IX-1994, Armando Luis Martínez & J. L. Saldaña, 2 (MZFC); 13-VII-1995, Armando Luis Martínez, 3 (MZFC); 11-XII-1995, Isabel Vargas Fernández, 1 (MZFC). MICHOACÁN, Apatzingán, Chiquihuitillo: 19.006, -102.335; 272 m. 4-VIII-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 18-VII-1996, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Arteaga: Rancho "El Zorrillo": 18.282, -102.276; 740 m. 14-IX-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 15-IX-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 y 1 (MZFC); 27-IX-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 13-X-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Las Juntas: 18.387, -102.222; 613 m. 14-V-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). El Higueral: 18.378, -102.371; 709 m. 5-IX- 1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Arteaga: 18.342, -102.278; 906 m. 27- V-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Toscano: 18.6, -102.516; 1367 m. 26- IV-1995, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 6-IX-1996, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Los Habillos: 18.389, -102.163; 602 m. 13-III-1997, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Caracuaro, Sifón Atuto: 19.075, -101.934; 789 m. 7-IX-1985, L. Adame Espinoza, 1 (MZFC). Chinicuila, Los Laureles: 18.870, -103.491; 1111 m. 20- II-1999, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Coalcomán de Vázquez Pallares, El 149 Limón: 18.613, -103.221; 767 m. 21-IX-1998, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Irimbo, Rancho Nuevo. 18.467, -102.070; 480 m. 29-V-1998, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 9-VIII-1998, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Lázaro Cárdenas, Baden de Neixpa: 18.093, -102.756 29 m. 29-XII-1994, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Parácuaro, Parácuaro: 19.141 -102.211; 571 m. 28-VIII-1994, L. L. González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Tepalcatepec, Barranca de Cobano: 19.16, -102.013; 571 m. 3-X-1993, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexcalhuacan: 18.062, - 102.656; 20 m. 28-XII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). GUERRERO, Atoyac de Álvarez, El Faisanal: 17.432, -100.172; 2202 m. 99-X-1983, Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Las Parotas: 17.207, -100.467; 37 m. 19-IX-1984, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 9-VII-1985, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Buenavista, Las Vías: 18.449, -99.443; 1186 m. 16-X-2008, Mercedes Luna, 1 (MZFZ). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Acahuizotla: 17.345, -99.447, 670 m. 19-XII-1976, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 6 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 2 (CNIN); 99-XII-1992, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN). Juan R. Escudero, El Terrero: 17.123, -99.347; 343 m. 3-X-2018, Andre Sebastian, 1 (Naturalista). Tetipac, Arroyo Las Damas: 18.586, -99.606; 2167 m. 17-XII-1986, Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). MORELOS. Amacuzac, Cajones: 18.574, -99.346; 883 m. 5-VIII-2018, Judith Areli Nájera, 1 (Naturalista). Miacatlán, Palo Grande: 18.835, -99.390; 1170 m. 30-VII-2013, A. Ramírez G., 1 (MZFZ). Tetecala, Tetecala: 18.684, -99.425; 1079 m. 19-VIII-2013, J. Ramírez. 1 y 1 (MZFZ); 9-IX-2013, J. Ramírez, 2 (MZFZ); 11-IX-2013, A. Ramírez G., 1 (MZFZ); 14-X-2013, E. Brígido, 1 (MZFZ); 14-X-2013, L. Bustamante, 1 (MZFZ); 16-X-2013, J. Ramírez, 1 (MZFZ); 19-XI-2013, J. Ramírez, 1 (MZFZ); 21-XI-2013, M. Velasco, 1 (MZFZ); 21-XI-2013, E. Brígido, 1 (MZFZ). OAXACA. Candelaria Loxicha, Candelaria Loxicha: 15.926, -96.491; 508 M. 99-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 29-99-1974, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 14-99-1974, E. C. Welling, 1 150 (USNMENT); 1-99-1973, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 29-99-1974, E. C. Welling, 1 (USNMENT); 99-X-1988, John Kemner, 2 (MZFC); 99-X-1988, C. Almaraz, 1 (MZFC). El Azulillo: 15.891, -96.497, 402 m. 29-XI-2007, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 24-VIII-2008, Omar Ávalos Hernández, 1 (MZFC); 20-X-2008, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 22-X-2008, Marysol Trujano Ortega, 1 (MZFC); 22-X-2008, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 3-VII-2011, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 5-VII-2011, Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Matías Romero Avendaño, Matías Romero: 16.878, -95.034; 201 m. 18-V-2010, Juan Carlos García Morales, 1 (Naturalista); 2-XI-2014, Juan Carlos García Morales, 1 (Naturalista). San Miguel del Puerto, El Arroyón: 15.911, -96.129; 364 m. 19-I-2020, Carlos Domínguez Rodríguez, 2 (Naturalista). San Pedro Pochutla, Zipolite: 16.403, -94.488; 13 m. 10-VIII-1990, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Santa María Huatulco, Rancho Hagia Sofía: 15.866, -96.365; 340 m. 10-X-2011, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 10-X-2011, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 25-V-2012, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 31-V-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 28-VII-2012, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, (MZFC); 1-VIII-2012, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 1-VIII-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 6- IX-2012, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 2 (MZFC); 6-IX-2012, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 2 (MZFC); 6-IX-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 21-X-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 19-IV-2013, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 4 (MZFC); 19-IV-2013, Jessica Hernández Jerónimo, 2 (MZFC); 19- IV-2013, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 2 (MZFC); 19-IV-2013, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 3 y 1 (MZFC); 19-IV-2013, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 y 1 (MZFC); 20-IV-2013, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 20-IV-2013, Jessica Hernández Jerónimo, 2 (MZFC); 20-IV-2013, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 2 (MZFC); 20-IV-2013, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 26-V-2013, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 3 (MZFC); 26-V-2013, Jessica Hernández Jerónimo, 4 151 (MZFC); 26-V-2013, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 2 y 1 (MZFC); 26-V-2013, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 28-V-2013, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 3 y 1 (MZFC); 28-V-2013, Jessica Hernández Jerónimo, 2 y 1 (MZFC); 28-V- 2013, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 2 (MZFC); 28-V-2013, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 3 y 1 (MZFC); 28-V-2013, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 (MZFC); 30-V-2013, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 30-V-2013, Jessica Hernández Jerónimo, 1 y 1 (MZFC); 30-V-2013, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC); 30-V-2013, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 1 (MZFC); 30-V-2013, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 y 2 (MZFC); 3-VI-2013, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 y 2 (MZFC); 3-VI-2013, Jessica Hernández Jerónimo, 2 (MZFC); 3-VI-2013, Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 3 y 2 (MZFC); 3-VI-2013, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 1 (MZFC); 3-VI-2013, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 2 y 1 (MZFC). Parque Nacional Huatulco: 15.75, -96.155; 65 m. 30-VII-2012, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 2 (MZFC); 7-IX-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC); 12-IX-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC); 12-IX-2012, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 17-X-2012; Jorge Enrique Llorente Bousquets, 1 (MZFC). Parque Nacional Huatulco, Río Cacaluta: 15.785, -96.175; 102 m. 24-VI-2012, Arturo Arellano Covarrubias, 1 (MZFC); 25-VI-2012, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 25-VI-2012, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC); 27-VII-2012, Blanca Claudia Hernández Mejía, 1 (MZFC); 18-X-2012, Alejandra Sánchez García, 1 (MZFC); 18-X-2012, Moisés Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Santa María Tonameca: Laguna del Palmar: 15.697, -96.612; 9 m. 27-VI-2020, Rodrigo Arrazola, 1 (Naturaista). Santiago Niltepec, Camino a Mixtequilla, Tehuantepec. 23-IX-1955, 1 (CNIN). Santo Domingo Ingenio, Santo Domingo Ingenio: 16.532, -94.809; 40 m. 7-VIII-2018, Yazmin Zárate Sandoval, 1 (Naturalista); 17-IX-2018, Claudia Ivette Vázquez Mota, 1 (Naturalista). Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, Tehuantepec: 16.324, -95.238; 50 m. 27-X-2014, Juan Carlos García Morales, 1 (Naturalista); 21-VII-2015, Juan Carlos García Morales, 1 (Naturalista). Santo 152 Domingo Zanatepec, Zanatepec: 16.478, -94.350; 59 m. 20-VI-1995, W. Schmidt, 1 (MZFC). Juchitán de Zaragoza, La Venta: 16.566, -94.816; 40 m. VIII-2015, Juan Carlos Pérez Magaña, 1 (Naturalista). Juchitán de Zaragoza: 16.554, -94.829; 18 m. 30-IX-2018, 1 (Naturalista). Heroica Ciudad de Juchitán: 16.569, -94.814; 30 m. 7-VIII-2015, Carlos Domínguez Rodríguez, 1 (Naturalista). San Pedro Pochutla, San Pedro Pochutla: 15.663, -96.500; 60 m. 21-IX-2017, 1 (Naturalista). Villa de Tututepec, Costa Azul, Río Grande: 16.000, -97.431; 20 m. 11-VIII-2017, Rigoberto Ramírez Cortés. 1 (Naturalista). Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, ciudad: 17.080, -96.714; 1592 m. 8-X-2018, César Camilo Julián, 1 (Naturalista). CHIAPAS, Mototzintla, El Zapote: 15.245, -92.392222222; 735 m. 27-VIII- 1968, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 16.725, -93.111; 694 m. 5-V-1983, C. R. Beutelspacher B. 1 (CNIN). Escuintla, Cintalapa: 16.665, - 93.692; 559 m. 12-VIII-1974, R. De la Maza, 1 (CNIN). Villaflores: Rancho San Ramón UNACH, Campus: 16.253, -93.248; 539 m. 4-IX-2014, 1 (Naturalista). BELIZE. CAYO, Green Hills Butterfly Ranch; 17.096, -88.977, 226 m. 20-V-2012, Jan Meerman, 1 (Naturalista); 17-IX-2014, Jan Meerman, 1 (Naturalista); 20-VII-2017, Jan Meerman, 1 (Naturalista); 25-VII-2017, Jan Meerman, 1 (Naturalista). GUATEMALA. Guatemala. L. Thiel, 3 (USNMENT). HUEHUETENANGO, Nenton, Huhuetenango: 15.801, -91.754; 600 m. 13-X-2017, Jiichiro Yoshimoto 1 (Jiichiro). ALTA VERAPAZ, Coban, Parque Nacional Laguna Lachuá: 15.843 -90.716; 207 m. 3-VII-2020, 1 (Naturalista). Tamahu, Tamahu: 15.307, -90.235; 1061 m. 9-IX-1963, E. C. Welling, 1 (AMNH). ZACAPA, Gualan, Aldea El Arenal, Cabañas: 15.12, -89.37; 125 m. 23-X-2018, Jiichiro Yoshimoto, 1 (Jiichiro). Cabañas, Reserva Natural Heloderma: 14.874, -89.756; 364 m. 20-VI-2016, Jiichiro Yoshimoto, 1 (Jiichiro). RETALHULEHU, Retalhuleu, Retalhuleu: 14.532, -91.683; 234 m. L. Thiel, 1 (USNMENT). SUCHITEPEQUEZ, Patulul, Suchitepéquez: 14.522, -91.136; 753 m. 13-V-2018, Maynor E. Ovando, 1 (Naturalista). ESCUINTLA, Santa Lucia Cotzumalguapa, Finca La Gracia: 14.396, -91.091; 419 m. 24-V-2020, Heidi V., 2 (Naturalista). HONDURAS. CORTES, San Pedro Sula, San Pedro Sula: 15.501, -88.013; 64 m. -99-1979, Robert D. Lehman, 2 y 1 153 (USNMENT); 16-99-1981, Robert D. Lehman, 1 (USNMENT). Honduras. 1 (USNMENT). EL SALVADOR. SANTA ANA, Metapan, Bosque Salados San Diego-La Barra: 14.260, -89.463; 492 m. 13-VII-2017, T. Dohrnii, 1 (Naturalista). SAN VICENTE, San Cayetano Istepeque, Panamericana, San Cayetano Istepeque: 13.665, -88.804; 611 m. 18-VII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). NICARAGUA. ESTELÍ, Estelí, Esteli, del Monumento del Centenario: 13.099, -86.335; 854 m. 5-VII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). CHINANDEGA, Chinandega, Volcán Casita: 12.692, -86.933; 651 m. 29-VI-2017, Jean Michel Maes, 2 (Naturalista). MANAGUA, Tipitapa, 14 km E of Managua: 12.174686, -86.114142; 45 m. 21-99-1976, R. A. Anderson, 1 (USNMENT). Managua, El Crucero, Reserva Ecológica El Bajo: 11.995, -86.339; 698 m. 24-I-2020, Ernesto Morales, 1 (Naturalista). San Rafale del Sur, Pochomil: 11.772, -86.503, 7 m. 2-99-1975, R. A. Anderson, 1 y 1 (USNMENT); 23-99-1976, R. A. Anderson, (USNMENT); 25-99-1976, R. A. Anderson, 1 (USNMENT); 26-99-1975, R. A. Anderson, 1 (USNMENT). GRANADA, Granada, Granada, 5 mi. SE of Granada: 11.906, -85.906; 42 m. 14-99-1976, R. A. Anderson, 1 (USNMENT). Granada, 15 mi. N of Granada: 12.129, -85.871; 36 m. 12-99-1975, R. A. Anderson, 1 (USNMENT). COSTA RICA. GUANACASTE, La Cruz, La Cruz: 11.120, -85.593, 115 m. 10-V-2006, Gernot Kunz, 1 (Naturalista). Área Administrativa, Santa Rosa National Park. 10.83764, -85.61871; 295 m. 14-99-1985, D. H. Janzen, 1 (USNMENT). Bagaces, Palo Verde Research Station: 10.348, -85.342; 164 m. 5-I-2009, Ryne Rutherford, 1 (Naturalista). 8 Km. NW Bagaces a Comelco prop: 10.540, -85.31; 112 m. 2-99-1971, Opler, 1 (USNMENT); 22-99-1973, Opler, 1 (USNMENT); 25-99- 1973, Opler, 1 (USNMENT); 22-99-1973, Opler, 1 (USNMENT); 22-99-1973, Opler, 1 (USNMENT); 25-99-1973, Opler, 1 (USNMENT). Nicoya, Santa Ana: 10.175, - 85.372; 154 m. 3-XII-2016, Isabel, 1 (Naturalista). ALAJUELA, San Carlos, Pastate: 10.593, -84.657; 215 m. 20-X-2019, 1 (Naturalista). PUNTARENAS, Puntarenas, Puntarenas: 9.601, -85.103; 66 m. 15-VI-2008, Gernot Kunz, 1 (Naturalista). 5 Km. NW Canas, Hac. La Pacífica. 4-99-1973, Opler, 4 (USNMENT); 25-99-1973, Opler, 2 (USNMENT); 16-99-1973, Opler, 3 y 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1971, Opler, 1 154 (USNMENT); 20-99-1972, Opler, 1 (USNMENT); 3-99-1973, Opler, 1 (USNMENT); 20-99-1973, Opler, 1 (USNMENT); 29-99-1973, Opler, 1 (USNMENT). San José. 27- 99-1974, Opler, 1 (USNMENT). Villa Colón. 28-99-1975, W. H. Wagner 1 (USNMENT). PANAMA. PANAMA, Panama, Biomuseo 8.932, -79.545; 9 m. 21-VII- 2018, Edgar Llerena, 1 (Naturalista). Paraíso Canal Zone: 9.028, -79.627; 40 m. 27-99- 1962, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 22-99-1973, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 24-99- 1975, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 11-99-1977, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 15-99- 1977, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 9-99-1977, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT); 99-99- 1979, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). Susamilla. 16-99-1912, 1 (USNMENT). Zamorano. 99-99-9999 1 (USNMENT). BRAZIL. PERNAMBUCO, Triunfo, Triunfo, Triunfo: -7.835, -38.100; 1003 m. 17-XI-2019, Alice Carvalho, 1 (Naturalista). MINAS GERAIS, Montes Claros, Montes Claros: -16.716, -43.902, 843 m. 8-II-2020, 1 (Naturalista). Coração de Jesus, Corinto: -18.512, -44.555; 659 m. 26-I-2016, 1 (Naturalista). Viçosa, Viçosa: -20.802, -42.858; 745 m. 17-I-2011, Marines Eiterer, 1 (Naturalista). RIO DE JANEIRO, Volta Redonda, Volta Redonda: -22.498, -44.036; 367 m. 2-IV-2016, Giuilia Patitucci, 1 (Naturalista). PARANÁ, Jataizinho, Jataizinho: -23.272, -50.973; 352 m. 3-II-2019, Ísis Meri Medri, 1 (Naturalista). RIO GRANDE DO SUL, Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul: -29.165, -51.116; 737 m. 1 (Naturalista). Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre: -30.022, -51.179; 41 m. 25-XII-2017, Paulo Ott, 1 (Naturalista). BOLIVIA. SANTA CRUZ, Ichilo, Buena Vista; -17.463, -63.668; 388 m. 25-I-2017, Ramon & Suzanne Vargas, 1 (Naturalista). ARGENTINA. MISIONES, Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú; - 25.683, -54.453; 169 m. 15-XII-2010, 1 (Naturalista). General Manuel Belgrano, San Sebastián de la Selva; -25.845, -53.980, 340 m. 14-IX-2013, Nicolas Olejnik, 1 (Naturalista). Another material examined (databases). MEXICO. SINALOA. Mazatlán, Mazatlán: 23.249, -106.411; 11 m. 99-VIII-9999, Miller S, 1 (FLMNH). 6 mi al N de Mazatlán: 23.289, -106.393; 58 m. 25-VIII-1973, L. O´Brian & J. S., 1 (FLMNH). 19 mi al NO de Mazatlán: 23.463, -106.455; 102 m. 17-VIII-1973, L. O´Brian & J. S., 1 (FLMNH). JALISCO. Puerto 155 Vallarta, Puerto Vallarta: 20.615, -105.185; 545 m. 99-VIII-1958, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH); 99- VIII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH). COLIMA. Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez: Agua Dulce: 19.266, -103.883; 931 m. 26-VIII-1990, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Colima¸ Colima: 19.243, -103.730; 481 m. 99-99-9999, 1 (CMNH). Comalá, Comalá: 19.314, -103.760; 719 m. 15-III-1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMHN); 4-V- 1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 10-V-1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 19-V-1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 24-V-1967, Robert G. Wind, 2 (CMNH); 28-V-1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 16-IX-1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMH); 1-X-1967, Robert G. Wind, 3 (CMNH); 4-X-1967, Robert G. Wind, 1 (CMNH); 13-X-1967, Robert G. Wind, 2 (CMNH); 15-10-1967, Robert G. Wind, 2 (CMNH). Ixtlahuacan, Tamalá: 19.006, -103.725; 221 m. 30-VI-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Tecomán, La Salada: 19.051, - 103.756; 348 m. 4-I-1968, R. Warren, 1 (FLMNH); 99-I-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH). MICHOACÁN. Coahuayana, Coahuayana: 18.718, -103.64; 40 m. 99-VII-9999, (FLMNH); 99-VIII-9999, 2 (FLMNH); 99-VIII-1950, Dealer, 2 (FLMNH); 99-VII-1950, Dealer (FLMNH). Villamar, Pozos de Ixtlán, 18 mi W de Zamora: 19.969, -102.541; 1577 m. 99- VIII-9999, Miller S. 1 (FLMNH). GUERRERO. Atoyac de Álvarez: Las Parotas: 17.207, - 100.467; 37 m. 20-I-1987, Jorge Llorente Bousquets & Armando Luis Martínez, 1 (MZFC). Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Acahuizotla: 17.345, -99.447; 670 m. 17-IX-1962, J. Cabrera, 1 (CNIN); 5-VIII-1981, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 10 (CNIN); 99-VIII-1991, Adolfo Ibarra Vázquez, 1 (CNIN); 99-X-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (AME). Zapotitlán Tablas, Tierra Colorada, Papagayo: 17.165, - 99.583; 265 m. 99-IX-1967, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). OAXACA. Candelaria Loxicha, Candelaria Loxicha: 15.926, -96.491; 508 m. 8-X-1970, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH). San Blas Atempa: Mixtequilla: 16.349, -95.236; 40 m. 99-XII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH-AME); 99-XII-1962, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH). Rancho Santa María, Candelaria Loxicha: 15.888, -96.472; 496 m. 3-X-1970, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH). CHIAPAS, Amatenango de la Frontera, Ciudad Cuauhtémoc; 15.637, -92.003; 809 m. 99-II-9999, Miller S, 1 (FLMNH-AME). BELICE. COROZAL, Consejo: 18.446, - 88.315; 10 m. 15-VII-1988, Shuey, John (BERDS). CAYO, Slate Creek Preserve TFS: 17.095, -88.974; 229 m. 2-VII-1996, Meerman, Jan (BERDS). Las Cuevas, base camp: 16.800, -88.961, 670 m. 15-IX-1997, Shuey, John (BERDS); 14-IX-2002, Shuey, John 156 (BERDS); 19-IX-2002, Shuey, John (BERDS). COSTA RICA. GUANACASTE, Bagaces: P.N. Palo Verde. Laguna Palo Verde: 10.350, -85.351; 67 m. 99-VIII-1995, Ulises Chavarría, 1 (INBio). La Cruz, La Cruz, Santa Elena, P.N. Santa Rosa, Estación Murciélago: 8Km S.W. de Cuajiniquil: 99-X-1994, Freddy A. Quesada, 1 (INBio). Sector Santa Rosa. Área de Conservación Guanacaste: 10.84, -85.62; 287 m. 99-IV-1985, “Gusaneros”, 1 (INBio). Liberia, Estación Las Perlas: 10.77, -85.43; 378 m. 99-XI-2007, F. Quesada y H. Cambronero 1 (INBio). Nicoya, 3 km NO de Nacaome, P. N. Barra Honda: 10.168, -85.373; 82 m. 99- VII-1996, Marielos Reyes, 2 (INBio); 99-X-1994, Marielos Reyes, 1 (INBio): 10.901, - 85.731; 41 m. HEREDIA, Sarapiqui, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina: 10.416, -84.120; 165 m. 99-VII-2009, Isidro Chacón, 1 (INBio). Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBio: 9.973, -84.094; 1124 m. 99-VI-1994, Jorge Corrales, 1 (INBio); 99-VII-2005, Juan Mata, 1 (INBio); 99-VII-2006, Jose Antonio Azofeifa Zuñiga, 1 (INBio); 99-VIII-2002, José Montero e Isidro Chacón, 3 (INBio). PUNTARENAS, Garabito, Garabito, Reserva Biol Carara, Est Quebrada Bonita: 99-VIII-1989, Rodolfo Zuñiga, 1 (INBio). Lasaia peninsularis Clench, 1972, stat. nov. Lasaia sula peninsularis Clench, 1972: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 10(2): 172. Figs. 57-63 Type locality: México, Yucatán, Pisté Distribution: Southern Texas (USA) to Southern of Mexico Host plants: Unknown Lasaia peninsularis: Clench, 1972; Salinas-Gutiérrez et al., 2004; Garwood & Lehman, 2005; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2019; De la Maza & White, 1990; Warren et al., 2017; Meléndez-Jaramillo et al., 2019. Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with white scales and black sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part presents a brown coloration and in the lateral region its white. White palps, with some black and short sensilas (Figs. 58A-58D). Antennas: Black/blue with ringed white scales; absent scales at the inner surface of the antennal club; sulcus big (Figs. 59A and 59B). Legs. Prothoracic white, second and third of white/cream color. Thorax. Metallic blue/green coloration. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 57) Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small black and white cilias. Marginal 157 region with spots faded or absent below M3. Presence of whitish/blue costal spots (2-3). Presence of medial spots, throughout the wing, discontinuous line. Posterior (FW). Background coloration metallic blue/green, with small white and brown cilias. Presence of rounded spots on the marginal region, with black/brown scales above veins. Presence of three thick spots between veins Sc+R1-M2, and absence of spots below that. Presence of a spot in the submedial region, between veins Sc+R1-R with surrounding brown scales. Wings (ventral view). HW. (Fig. 57). Background coloration brown with white. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots. Brown coloration with metallic blue in the postmedial region. Presence of the postmedial band, the outer edge zigzag shaped. Presence of discal spot, “comma” shaped. FW. Background coloration white with brown. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots. Presence of postmedial band, the outer edge is zigzag shaped. Postmedial region with three spots between veins Sc+R1-M1, below that, the spots are faded or absent. In the submedial region, between veins Sc+R1-Rs, the coloration is whitish. Presence of submedial spot. In the postbasal region, between Sc+R1-Rs the coloration is whitish. Abdomen. Metallic blue/green coloration in the dorsal view, and whitish/pale brown in the ventral view, with grey/brown scales in the distal region (Fig. 59C). Genitalia (Fig. 60). Uncus bilobed with a ridge in the middle; tegumen presents a trapezoidal shape, with the anterior region more sclerotized, presence of a “window” near the uncus and falces; falces sclerotized, curved and projected forwards; vinculum semicurvedwith an obtuse angle near the tegumen; aedeagus curved, sclerotized, region near frenum thicker than anterior region of aedeagus; long and wide frenum; upper and lower valves membranous, without spines and with filaments; bulla scobinata sensu Clench bell shaped and thick; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis. L. peninsularis can be confused with L. sula and L. a. callaina. To separate easily L. peninsularis from L. sula, is that the first one exhibit a series of zigzag shaped spots in the postmedial region, below M2, and in L. sula, those spots are linear shaped. In the case with L. callaina, this taxon does not exhibit a discal spot, also, the spots that are located in the postmedial region of hindwing, between veins Sc+R1–M2, are thicker in L. peninsularis, while in L. a. callaina are thin, but not so thinner than in L. sessilis. Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Palps with white scales. Frons with white and brown scales. Ocular ring with mix white/cream scales. Antennas. Metallic 158 black/blue with some ringed white scales. Thorax. Grey and metallic blue scales in dorsal region, and cream in ventral region. Legs. All the legs present white scales. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW) (Fig. 61) Background coloration brown, with typical spots of the genus. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar sizes. Postmedial region, exhibits spots of different size; those located near at apex, limited between R3–M2 veins, are broader and have a trapezoidal shape; and those located between veins M2–1A+2A, are thinner and zigzag shaped. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibits lineal spots typical of the genus. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown, with black spots. Marginal region with a series of rounded shaped spots of similar sizes since apex to tornus. The spots located between Sc+R1–M2 veins, in postmedial region, have a trapezoidal shape, and are broader than the rest. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibits lineal shaped spots typical of the genus. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 61). Background coloration brown with White/cream. Marginal region with a series of irregular spots, those located between Cu1– Cu2 veins, are bigger and rounded shaped. Postmedial region with a series of spots of different sizes; those located near at apex, limited between R3–M2 veins, are boarder and have a trapezoidal shape, and those located between M2–1A+2A veins, are thinner and have a zigzag shape. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibit lineal spots typical of the genus. Presence of discal spot. FW. Background coloration brown with white/cream. Marginal region with a series of irregular spots, those located between M1–M2 and Cu1– Cu2 veins, are bigger of the rest. Postmedial region present a series of spots of different size, those located near at apex, limited between veins Sc+R1–M2, are boarder and have a trapezoidal shape, and those located between veins M2–1A+2A, are thinner and have a zigzag shape. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibits lineal shaped spots typical of the genus. Abdomen. Brown scales with some metallic blue in dorsal region, and white in ventral region. Genitalia (Fig. 62). Globe-shaped corpus bursae, without signa; ductus bursae widened in the region near at corpus bursae, and thin in the region close to the ostium bursae, approximately 2 times as long as the corpus bursae, in ventral view, is located on the left region of the sternum. Sternite 8 is sclerotized. 159 Diagnosis. L. peninsularis is easily differentiated from L. sula by the shape of the spots of the postmedial region, in L. peninsularis exhibit a zigzag shaped, and in L. sula presents a linear shaped; also, the size of L. peninsularis is smaller compared to L. sula. Material examined (Fig. 63). UNITED STATES. TEXAS, Cameron County, 1000 New Carmen Ave.: 25.996, -97.571; 12 m. 9-XI-2009, 1 (Naturalista); 2-XI-2014, 1 (Naturalista); 21-XII-2017, Paul Prappas, 1 (Naturalista); 14-II-2019, Rick Nirschl, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XI-2019, 1 y 1 (Naturalista). 280 Fish Hatchery Rd.: 25.989, -97.529; 7.6 m. 5-XI-2017, Mary Lynn, 1 (Naturalista). 4 mi W of Boca Chica: 25.964, -97.233; 2.9 m. 26-99-1963, J. W. Tilden, 4 (USNMENT). Brownsville: 25.848, -97.417; 7 m. 11- II-2019, Paul Mindeman, 1 (Naturalista). Sabal Palm Grove: 25.852, -97.417; 7 m. 3-II- 2012, Joseph C., 1 (Naturalista); 30-I-2017, Simon Kiacz, 1 (Naturalista). Arroyo Colorado: 26.205, -97.596; 8 m. 6-XI-2017, Joseph C., 1 (Naturalista). Boca Chica State Park: 25.990, -97.182; 1 m. 8-VIII-1975, D. P. B., 1 y 1 (AMNH); R. A. B., 1 (AMNH); 9-XI-2014, Liam O'Brien, 1 (Naturalista); 9-XI-2014, Greg Lasley, 1 (Naturalista). Brownsville: 25.900, -97.497; 9 m. 21-X-1938, 1 (AMNH); 28-XI-1947, 1 (AMNH); 17-VIII-1949, 1 (AMNH). 21-99-1963, J. W. Tilden, 1 (USMNENT); 2-99-1972, W. Tilden, 1 (USMNENT); 29-99-1972, J. W. Tilden, 1 (USMNENT); 22-99-1973, Mike Rickard, 2 (USNMENT); 22-99-1973, M. A. Rickard, 1 (USMNENT); 11-99-1973, Mike A. Rickard, 2 (USNMENT); 1-99-1973, J. W. Tilden, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1973, J. W. Tilden, 1 (USNMENT); 99-IV-9999, Geo. Dorner, 1 (USNMENT); 99-99-9999, Geo. Dorner, 1 (USNMENT). E Ocean Blvd.: 26.088, - 97.378; 3 m. 17-IV-2004, 1 (Naturalista). Laguna Atascosa: 26.245, -97.417; 1 m. 7-XI- 2017, Tony Henehan, 1 (Naturalista). Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge: 26.250, -97.385; 1 m. 2-XII-2002, Terry Rosenmeier, 1 (Naturalista); 19-X-2003, Steven Daniel, 1 (Naturalista); 5-XI-2003, Nick Block, 1 (Naturalista); 17-II-2006, Pauline Singleton, 1 (Naturalista); 12-XI-2007, Steve Collins, 3 y 1 (Naturalista); 9-XI-2009, Bart Jones, 1 (Naturalista); 8-XI-2014, Larry Meade,1 (Naturalista); 11-XII-2016, Javi Gonzalez; 2 (Naturalista). Resaca de la Palma State: 25.996, -97.571; 12 m. 10-II-2020, 160 Gabriel Rodríguez, 1 (Naturalista). Sabal Palm Sanctuary: 25.852, -97.417; 7.8 m. 27- IX-2001, Mike Hannisian, 1 (Naturalista); 25-VII-2002, Mike Hannisian, 1 (Naturalista); 18-III-2009, 1 (Naturalista); 5-II-2013, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XI-2013, Tripp Davenport, 1 (Naturalista); 18-I-2016, Paul Prappas, 1 (Naturalista); 29-XII- 2016, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 26-I-2017, Galen Stewart, 1 (Naturalista); 17-X-2017, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 14-XI-2017, Donna Pomeroy, 1 (Naturalista); 4-XI- 2018, Juan Chavez, 1 (Naturalista); 4-XI-2018, Joseph C., 2 (Naturalista); 21-IV- 2019, Tatiana Muniz, 1 (Naturalista). San Benito: 26.124, -97.603; 9 m. 10-XI-2014, Rich Wolfert, 1 (Naturalista). South Padre Island: 26.111, -97.168; 1 m. 6-IX-2018, Maria Conchita, 1 (Naturalista). TPWD Resaca de la Palma State Park: 25.996, -97.568; 11 m. 12-X-2013, Robby Deans, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XI-2013, Roger Rittmaster, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XI-2013, Tripp Davenport, 1 (Naturalista); 20-VII-2014, Tripp Davenport, 1 (Naturalista); 26-X-2014, 1 (Naturalista); 9-XI-2014, Liam O'Brien, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XI-2014, Diana-Terry Hibbitts, 2 y 1 (Naturalista); 9-XI-2014, Greg Lasley, 1 (Naturalista); 9-XI-2014, Tripp Davenport, 1 (Naturalista); 14-XII- 2014, Eric Knight, 1 (Naturalista); 14-VI-2015, Tripp Davenport, 1 (Naturalista); 7- VII-2015, Tripp Davenport, 1 (Naturalista); 8-XI-2015, Roger Shaw, 1 (Naturalista); 1-XI-2015, Jim Brighton, 1-XI-2015, Robby Deans, 1 (Naturalista); 6-XI-2015, Steven Daniel, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 1 (Naturalista); 20-XI-2015, Sam Kieschnick, 1 (Naturalista); 25-IV-2016, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 30-X2016, Jeremy Gatten, 1 (Naturalista); 30-X-2016, Tripp Davenport, 1 (Naturalista); 8-XI-2016, Dave Wendelken, 1 (Naturalista); 9-XI-2016, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 7-XI-2016, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 7-XII-2016, Jon McIntyre, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 15-IV-2017, 1 (Naturalista); 17-X-2017, Jon McIntyre, 2 y 1 (Naturalista); 11-XI-2017, Rich Kostecke, 1 (Naturalista); 15-XI-2017, Donna Pomeroy, 2 (Naturalista); 18-XI-2017, Sierra Ehlers, 1 (Naturalista); 29-XI-2017, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 30-IX-2018, Eric R. Eaton, 1 (Naturalista); 4-X-2018, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 28-X-2018, 1 161 (Naturalista); 2-XI-2018, Joseph C., 1 (Naturalista); 2-XI-2018, 1 (Naturalista); 4- XI-2018, Juan Chavez, 1 (Naturalista); 4-XI-2018, 1 (Naturalista); 8-XI-2018, Eric Carpenter, 1 (Naturalista); 8-XI-2018, Ken Butler, 1 (Naturalista); 8-XI-2018, 2 (Naturalista); 13-II-2019, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 24-II-2019, 1 (Naturalista); 20-IV-2019, Smith Howry, 1 (Naturalista); 26-VIII-2019, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XI-2019, Robert Gilson, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XI-2019, Kristie Nelson, 1 (Naturalista); 3-XI-2019, Joseph C., 1 (Naturalista); 4-XI-2019, Javi Gonzalez, 1 (Naturalista); 5-XI-2019, Joseph C., 1 (Naturalista); 6-XI-2019, Jack Cochran, 2 (Naturalista); 7-XI-2019, Jack Cochran, 1 (Naturalista); 9-XI-2019, Rob Van Epps, 1 (Naturalista); 25-XI-2019, Tatiana Muniz, 1 (Naturalista); 25-XI-2019, 1 (Naturalista); 26-XI-2019, , 1 (Naturalista); 27-I-2020, Jon McIntyre, 1 (Naturalista); 1-II-2020, Bert Wessling, 1 (Naturalista); 2-II-2020, Bill Lisowsky, 1 (Naturalista); 5-III-2020, 1 (Naturalista); 1-VII-2020, 1 (Naturalista). Hidalgo County, McAllen: 26.198, -98.229; 37 m. 11-XI-1946, Y. H. Frederick, 1 (AMNH). National Butterfly Center: 26.179, -98.366; 34 m. 15-XI-2015, Javi Gonzalez, 1 (Naturalista). Pharr: 26.185, -98.182; 34m. 22-X-1944, H. A. Freeman, 1 (AMNH); 4-XI-1944, H. A. Freeman, 1 y 1 (AMNH); 5-XI-1944, H. A. Freeman, 1 y 1 (AMNH); 25-XI-1944, H. A. Freeman, 1 (AMNH); 29-XI-1944, H. A. Freeman ,1 (AMNH); 3-XI-1945, 2 (AMNH); 11-XI-1945, 1 (AMNH); 3-V-1946, H. A. Freeman, , 1 (AMNH); 12-X- 1946, H. A. Freeman, 1 y 1 (AMNH); 12-X-1946, 1 (AMNH); 20-X-1946, 1 (AMNH); 26-X-1946, H. A. Freeman, , 1 (AMNH). Santa Ana Wildlife Refuge: 26.071, -98.149; 27. m. 6-99-1973, J. W. Tilden, 1 (USNMENT); 10-99-1973, Mike Rickard, 1 y 2 (USNMENT); 25-99-1973, J. W. Tilden, 2 (USNMENT). TPWD Estero Llano Grande State Park: 26.126, -97.957; 21 m. 20-XII-2008, John, 1 (Naturalista); 2-XI-2010, Steven Daniel, 1 (Naturalista); 29-X-2016, Bart Jones, 1 (Naturalista); 30-X-2016, Bart Jones, 1 (Naturalista). Willacy County, Arroyo Colorado Unit, Las Palomas WMA: 26.323, -97.508; 4 m. 8-XI-2018, Eric Carpenter, 1 (Naturalista). Ranchette Estates: 162 26.528, -97.855; 8 m. 30-X-2016, Tripp Davenport, 1 (Naturalista). MEXICO. OAXACA. Matías Romero: Cuauhtémoc, Salina Cruz: 17.097, -94.847; 190 m. 30-XI-1980, R. López, 1 (MZFC) Santiago Comaltepec, Soyolapan El Bajo: 17.695, -96.273; 148 m. 29-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). San José Chiltepec, San José Chiltepec: 17.911, -96.165; 37 m. 99-V-1967, Alberto Díaz Francés, 2 (CNIN); 99-VII- 1968, Alberto Díaz Francés, 2 (CNIN); 99-VII-1964, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN). Santiago Comaltepec, Soyolapan El Bajo: 17.695, -96.273; 148 m. 99-VII-1964, J. L. Saldaña M, 1 (CNIN); 99-V-1965, Alberto Díaz Francés, 1 (CNIN); 29-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota; 1 (MZFC). CHIAPAS. Huixtan, Parque El Aguacatero km 20 Cintalpa-Tuxtla Gutiérrez: 16.696, -92.442; 98 m. 23-IX-1978, Jorge Soberón Mainero, 1 (MZFC). San Cristóbal de las Casas, San Cristóbal de las Casas: 16.747, - 92.628; 2119 m. 29-IX-1920, 1 (CNIN). La Trinitaria, Montebello: 16.111, -91.64; 1399 m. 99-VII-1990, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa: 16.775, -93.502; 738 m. 5-IX-2019, Giezi Anthony Galvez. 1 (Naturalista). VERACRUZ. Actopan, La Gloria Cardel: 19.413, -96.432; 40 m. 99-99-9999, J. A. Camelo P., 1 (CNIN). Boca del Río, Mocambo: 19.133, -96.11; 13 m. 15-VIII-2019, José Jair Texon Zanatta, 1 (Naturalista). Catemaco, Cuetzalapan: 18.375, -95.013; 340 m. 99-VIII- 1981, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-VIII- 1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 2 y (CNIN); 99-99-9999, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 y 3 (CNIN). Ixhuatlán del Café, Presidio: 19.069; -96.971; 1306 m. 99-VIII-1910, C. C. Hoffmann, 1 (AMNH); 99-VIII-1954, T. Escalante, 1 (AMNH). Paso de Ovejas, Paso de Ovejas: 19.196, -96.545; 239 m. 6-VII-2017, Aurelio Molina Hernández, 1 (Naturalista); 2-VIII- 2017, Aurelio Molina Hernández, 1 (Naturalista); 25-VII-2018, Aurelio Molina Hernández, 1 (Naturalista); 27-VII-2018, Aurelio Molina Hernández, 2 (Naturalista); 27-VII-2018, Diego Barrales, 1 (Naturalista); 27-VII-2018, Fabiola Balcazar, 2 (Naturalista). Papantla, Papantla: 20.448, -97.379; 128 m. 1-I-2017, Jaico Caballero, 1 (Naturalista). Puente Nacional, Chichicaxtle: 19.343, -96.46; 106 m. 29-X-2017, Aurelio Molina Hernández, 1 (Naturalista); 17-X-2016, Aurelio Molina Hernández, Macho 163 (Naturalista). Santiago Tuxtla. Tapalapan: 18.511, -95.289; 340.5 m. 6-VIII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 27-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 8-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 12-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 25-VIII, 1982 Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 9-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 y 1 (MZFC). Cerro El Vigía, Santiago Tuxtla: 18.43, - 95.335; 247 m. 20-VII-1984, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 5 (MZFC). Soteapan, Soteapan 18.2325, -94.87; 402 m. 5-VII-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN); 99-VII-1983, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN), 99-99-1985, 1 (USNMMENT). Teocelo, Barranca de Cayoapa, Tejería: 19.20, -96.273; 31 m. 18-IX-1980, Alma Garcés Médina, 1 (MZFC). Tuxpan, Alto Lucero: 20.953, -97.455; 19 m. 20-VIII-2018, Rosa Vázquez, 1 (Naturalista). Ursulo Galván, Ursulo Galván: 19.490, -96.331; 10 m. 25-VIII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Xico, Cascada Texolo, Xico: 19.401, -96.994; 1109 m. 30-V-2019, Abel Gomes, 1 (Naturalista). PUEBLA. Jopala, Barranca de Patla: 20.225, -97.851; 777.2m. 9-VIII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Zihuateutla, Tequezquitla: 20.25, -97.883; 677.4m. 99-V-1982, J. L. Saldaña M., 1 (CNIN). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. El Benito, Valles. 30-IV-1941, J. & R. Potts, 1 (AMNH). TAMAULIPAS. Ciudad Victoria. Río San Marcos: 23.753, -98.909; 200 m. 3-VI-1987, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC); 3-VIII- 1987, John Kemner, 3 (MZFC). Cañon del Novillo: 23.699, -99.191; 397 m. Jiménez, San Francisco: 24.190, -98.64; 162m. 99-99-1967, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC). Padilla, Río Purificación, Hwy 101: 24.059, -99; 160 m. 12-X-1990, John Kemner, 1 (MZFC). Tampico, Tampico: 22.230, -97.846; 10 m. 29-X-2016, Cristina Cedillo Turrubiates, 1 (Naturalista). Victoria, Ciudad Victoria: 23.736, -99.141; 360 m. 20-VI- 2019, Felipe Eduardo San Martín González, 1 (Naturalista). Arroyo del Meco28-IV-1941, J. & R. Potts, 1 (AMNH). NUEVO LEÓN. Juárez, Sierra Cerro de la Silla: 25.556, - 100.182; 562 m. 1 (Naturalista). Compostela Juárez: 25.587, -100.218; 886 m. 6-VIII- 2019, Edwin González, 1 (Naturalista). Linares: Baño de San Ignacio: 24.872, -99.343; 164 250 m. 15-X-2006, Carlos G. Velasco Macías, 1 (Naturalista). San Francisco Tenamaxtle: 24.651, -99.689; 580 m. 1 (Naturalista). QUINTANA ROO, Benito Juárez, Cancún: 21.186, -86.892; 10m. 13-X-2019, Moramay Becerril, 1 (Naturalista). YUCATÁN. Chemax. Pisté: 20.671, -88.566; 20 m. 29-VIII-1957, E. Welling M., 1 (CNIN); 15-VIII- 1957, E. Welling M., 1 (CNIN); 9-VII-1959, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 8-99- 1959, E. Welling M., 1 (USNMENT); 15-99-1960, E. Welling M., 2 (USNMENT); 27-VII-1978, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (MZFC); 27-VIII-1982, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC); 8-IX-1985; Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (MZFC). Mérida, Mérida: 21.091, -89.596; 9 m. 4-XII-2007, 1 (Naturalista). Oxkutzcab, Labná: 20.170, -89.578; 67 m. 9-VIII-2019, 1 (Naturalista). Tinum, Chichen Itzá: 20.674, -88.567; 20 m. 6-99-1955, S. S. Nicolay, 1 (USNMENT). Yaxchi. 2-IX-1964, John Pallister, 1 (AMNH). Another material examined (databases). UNITED STATES. TEXAS. 32 (CAS); EUA, 26 (CAS). MEXICO. OAXACA. Santiago Comaltepec, Soyolapan El Bajo: 17.695, -96.273; 148 m. 27-VII-1983, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). CHIAPAS. Comitán de Domínguez, Santa Rosa, Comitán: 16.467, -92.225; 2293 m. 99-VI-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, (FLMNH/AME). 99-VI-1970, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Soyaló, Bombaná: 16.956, -93.021; 596 m. 12-IX-1975, A. Skelley, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VII-9999, Robert G. Wind, 1 (FLMNH/AME). VERACRUZ. Coatzacoalcos, Coatzacoalcos, 2 mi SE: 18.105, -94.39; 10 m. 18-I-1966, Harry Clench & Lee D. Miller, 1 (CMNH). Ixhuatlán de Madero, San Francisco: 20.751, -98; 118 m. 99-VII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME); 99- VIII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Ixhuatlán del Café, Presidio: 19.069, - 96.97; 1306 m. 99-VII-1939, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-1943, Dealer, 1 (MGCL- FLMNH); 99-VII-1947, Dealer, 2 (MGCL-FLMNH); 99-VIII-1950, Dealer, 1 (MGCL- FLMNH); 99-IV-1956, Dealer, 1 (MGCL-FLMNH). Presidio, Ixhuatlán del Café: 19.065, - 96.934; 925 m. 99-VIII-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME); 99-VII-9999; Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME); 99-VI-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME); 99-IV- 9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 2 (FLMNH/AME). Nanchital de Lázaro Cárdenas del Rio, Nanchital: 18.063, -94.383; 7 m. 99-II-9999, Lee D. Miller, 1 (FLMNH/AME); Miller S. 1 (FLMNH/AME). Santiago Tuxtla, Tapalapan: 18.511, -95.289; 340 m. 6-VIII-1980, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 20-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 165 (MZFC); 27-VII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC); 25-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 12-VIII-1982, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC); 9-IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 2 (MZFC). Cerro El Vigía, Santiago Tuxtla: 18.436, -95.335; 247 m. 20-VII-1984, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 5 (MZFC); 12- IX-1987, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). Soteapan, 1-2 mi al O de Nanchital: 18.087, -94.413; 10 m. 1-II-1969, L. O´Brian & J. S., 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Teocelo, Barranca de Cayoapa, Tejería: 19.206, -96.273; 31 m. 18-IX-1980, Alma Garcés Médina, 1 (MZFC). PUEBLA. Jopala, Barranca de Patla: 20.225, -97.851; 777 m. 9-VIII-1981, Luis Lamberto González Cota, 1 (MZFC). JALPAN, El Salto de Puebla, Carretera 130: 19.6, - 97.95; 2457 m. 99-II-9999, Miller S., 1 (FLMNH/AME). SAN LUIS POTOSÍ. Ciudad Valles, Hotel Covadonga, carretera 85: 22.186, -99.062; 169 m. 4-VIII-1987, Jim P. Brock, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). El Naranjo, Cascadas El Salto: 22.605, -99.398; 564 m. 21- II-1969, L. O´Brian & J. S., 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). TAMAULIPAS. Jiménez, San Francisco: 24.19, -98.64; 162 m. 99-VIII-1965, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH); 99- VII-1969, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH). Victoria, Cañón del Novillo, 3 km al S de Ciudad Victoria: 23.675, -99.168; 805 m. 25-V-1986, William H. Howe, 1 (LACM/LACM). QUINTANA ROO. Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Ejido X-maben, camino a Noh-cancab: 19.875, -88.013; 21 m. 7-VII-2002, E. May, 1 (ECOSUR); 22-VIII-2002, A. Tuz, 1 (ECOSUR). Ejido X-maben, Rancho Lan-kiwiik: 19.891, -88.001; 20 m. 14-VII-2002, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 1 (ECOSUR). Ejido X-maben, San Antonio Segundo: 19.859, -88.001; 20 m. 15- VII-2002, José Luis Salinas Gutiérrez, 1 (ECOSUR). Mérida. Reserva de Cuxtla, Sta Cruz Palomeque: 19.891, -88.001; 20 m. 26-VIII-2004, 1 (ECOSUR). YUCATÁN. Chemax, Pisté: 20.671, -88.566; 20 m. 99-VIII-1952, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 2 (CMNH); 20-VIII- 1957, E. L. King, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL-FLMNH); 9-VI-1959, Dealer, 1 (FLMNH/MGCL- FLMNH); 99-VI-9999, Tarsicio Escalante, 1 (FLMNH/AME). Tinum, Chichen Itzá: 20.674, -88.567; 20 m. 20-VI-1954, Eduardo Cecilio Welling, 1 (CMNH). DURANGO. Durango, Victoria de Durango: 23.886, -104.727; 2163 m. 30-V-1941 (LACM). Lasaia oileus Godman, 1903 Lasaia oileus Godman, 1903: Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 1903(4): 541, pl. 22 Figs. 64-69 166 Type locality: Paraguay Distribution: Belize to Paraguay, French Guiana Host plants: Unknown Lasaia oileus: Seitz, 1860-1938; Godman, 1903; Stichel, 1911; Kaye, 1914; Brown & Mielke, 1967; Clench, 1972; DeVries, 1997; Garwood & Lehman, 2009; Gallard, 2017; Warren et al., 2017. Description . Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons color brown with white scales; large sensilas. Ocular ring color brown in the upper and lateral sides. Palps color brown with some white scales, and large sensilas. (Figs. 65A-65D). Antennae. Brown with white scales ringed, club antennal color brown, the scales that cover the club antennal, are located only in the external side; sulcus small (Figs. 66A-66B). Legs. Prothoracic legs of white color; second and third legs, with white and brown scales. Thorax. Brown coloration in the dorsal region. Forewing (dorsal view). (Fig. 64). Background coloration brown with black; big cilias of white and black coloration. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots, and silver/blue scales above veins. Presence of postmedial spots, those located below of M3 are faded. Presence of costal spots (2-3) of whitish color. Hindwing (dorsal view). Background coloration brown with black, with big cilias of white and brown color. Presence of rounded shaped spots in marginal region, with silver/blue scales above veins. Presence of a thicker spot between Sc+R1-R (postmedial region), with thinner spots below. Submedial region with scales black and brown, and a spot between Sc+R1-R. Forewing (ventral view). (Fig. 64). Background coloration brown with metallic blue. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots. Presence of postmedial band, with lineal outer border. Presence of discal spot, thicker lineal shaped. Hindwing (ventral view). Background coloration brown with metallic blue. Marginal region with a brown/whitish and blue coloration. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots. Presence of postmedial band, lineal shaped. Presence of lineal shaped spot through the wing, in the postmedial region. Metallic blue coloration between Sc+R1-Rs s, in the submedial region. Presence of submedial spots. Metallic blue coloration between ScR2-Rs of the postbasal region. Abdomen. Brown coloration with white transversal lines in dorsal view, and white in ventral view; brown with white scales in distal region (Fig. 66C). Genitalia . Uncus rounded blunt with teeth, and curved in the middle, with the tips more sclerotized,; tegumen presents a semi-trapezoidal shape, presence of a “window” near the 167 uncus and falces; falces sclerotized, curved inside uncus and projected forwards; vinculum semicurved with an obtuse angle near the tegumen; aedeagus semicurved, sclerotized; frenum thin and large (lateral view), and like a inverted “V” form (ventral view); presence of sclerotized lobules (superior valves) like spikes; bulla scobinata large; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis.This is one of the smallest species of the genus, distinguished from Lasaia incoides and L. cutisca by the coloration, spots, and cilias. In L. incoides and L. cutisca, the background coloration is copper brown (dorsal and ventral view), while in L. oileus it has a brown/black background coloration. L. oileus, in the marginal region exhibits silver/blue scale plates above veins, while in the other species are silver. The spots in the marginal region of L. oileus, exhibits a rounded spot of different size, while in L. incoides and L. cutisca, presents rounded spots of similar sizes. The cilias of L. oileus are bigger in comparation with the cilias of L. incoides and L. cutisca. Description Head. Brown eyes (pinned specimens) with setae. Labial palps with white and brown scales. Frons with white and brown scales. Ocular ring with brown and white scales. Antennae. Brown with white ringed scales. Thorax. Brown scales in dorsal region, and white in ventral region. Legs. White scales on the tree pair of legs, and brown scales in the tarsus. Wings (dorsal view). Anterior (HW). (Fig. 67). Background coloration dark brown with white, principally in the medial region, with black spots. Marginal region with rounded spots of similar sizes. Postmedial region exhibits spots of different sizes, those located near at apex, between R3–M2 and between Cu1–Cu2, are wider and have a trapezoidal shape, the last ones are thinner. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibit black wider spots. Posterior (FW). Background coloration dark brown with white, principally int medial region; with black spots. Marginal region with rounded spots of similar sizes. Postmedial region with spots of similar sizes. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, exhibit wider black spots. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 67). Background coloration light brown with white, principally in medial, postbasal and basal regions. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar sizes; between the fringe and that spots, presence of a copper line throughout the wing. Postmedial region exhibits spots of different sizes, those located near at apex, limited between R3–M2 and Cu1–Cu2, are wider and have a trapezoidal shape; the last ones are thinner and zigzag shaped. Medial, submedial and postbasal region exhibits wider brown spots. FW. Background coloration lighter brown with white, principally medial, 168 postbasal and basal region. Marginal region exhibits spots of different sizes; between fringe and spots of marginal region, presents a copper line throughout the wing. Postmedial region exhibits a series of spots of similar size, those located between Sc+R1–M1, are slightly wider. Medial, submedial, and postbasal regions, exhibit wider brown spots. Abdomen. Brown scales in dorsal region, and white in the ventral region Diagnosis. L oileus differs from the other species of the genus, being one of the smallest, also, because of the presence of silver blue scales above the veins in the medial region. Genitalia (partial) (Fig. 68). Corpus bursae elongated, with two symmetric signa. Material examined (Fig. 69). BELIZE. STANN CREEK, Middlesex; 17.011, -88.528; 4- VIII-1964, John Shuey 1 (BERDS). COSTA RICA. Sixola Riv. 99-99-9999, Schaus & Barnes, 1 (USNMENT). PANAMA. PANAMÁ, Capira, Cerro Campana; 8.712, -79.907; 280 m. 23-99-1965, G. B. Small, 1 y 1 (USNMENT). COLON, Colon, Tabernilla, canal zone; 9.155, -79.784; 51 m. 99-99-9999, Aug Busck, 1 (USNMENT). Bayano. 22- 99-1974, G. B. Small, 1 (USNMENT). COLOMBIA. VALLE DEL CAUCA, Santiago de Cali, Cali; 3.328, -76.638; 1617 m. 24-99-1989, J. Bolling Sullivan, 1 (USNMENT). VENEZUELA. AMAZONAS, Río Negro, Cerro de la Neblina, basecamp; 0.833, -66.162; 140 m. 1/10-99-1984, D. Davis & T. McCabe, 1 (USNMENT). PERU. CAJAMARCA, Jaén, Pomahuaca, Chilasque; -6.016, -79.2; 1200 m. 12-99-2000, Robbins & Lamas, 1 y 1 (USNMENT); 8-99-2000, Robbins & Lamas 1 (USNMENT). Río Santiago. 10-XI- 1924. 1 (AMNH). BRAZIL. Pernambuco, 99-99-9999. Seifert, 1 (AMNH). Igarapi- Assn, 99-99-9999. H. S. Parrish, 1 (AMNH). FRENCH GUYANA. CAYENNE, Sinnamary, Rochambeau Matoury; 17-99-2016, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB); 3-99-2014, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB); 11-99-2013, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB); 7-99-2016, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). Sinnamary; 5.373, -52.954; 4 m. 7-99-1991, Christian Brevignon, 1 (CB). Lasaia incoides (Schaus, 1902) Charis incoides Schaus, 1902: Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24 (1262): 401. Lasaia scotina Stichel, 1910: Genera Insectorum. 112 (B): 188 169 Lasaia incoides; Hall & Willmott, 1998: Tropical Lepidoptera, 9(1): 23 Inkana incoides; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021: The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey, 9(3): 26. Figs. 70-74 Type locality: Paraguay Distribution: Brazil and Argentina Host plants: Unknown Lasaia incoides: Schaus, 1902 (Charis incoides); Stichel, 1911 (Lasaia scotina); Clench, 1972; Hall & Willmott, 1998; Warren et al., 2017; Núñez-Bustos, 2019; Zhang et al., 2021 (Inkana scotina) Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with brown scales, short sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part, presents a brown coloration and pale brown in the lateral region. Palps with brown and white scales with long sensilas (Figs. 71A-71D). Antennae. Brown with ringed white scales, antennal club brown; the scales that cover the antennal club are only found in the external region; small sulci (Figs. 72A-72B) Legs. Prothoracic legs pale brown coloration, and second and third pair brown. Thorax. Brown coloration in dorsal region. Wings (dorsal view) Anterior (HW). (Fig. 70). Background coloration copper-brown, with white (3) and black cilias of medium size. The cilias located between veins Cu2 and 1A+2A, only cover a small part of them, lineal tornus, semi-round apex. Presence of rounded spots in marginal region with silver scales above veins, and copper scales around the spots. Absence of spots in the postmedial and costal region. Presence of medial spots throughout the wing. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown, with medium brown cilia. Presence of rounded spots in the marginal region, with blue/silver scales above the veins. Absence of postmedial spots. Brown scales between Sc+R1-R of the submedial region. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 70). Background coloration brown. Presence of rounded spots in the marginal region. Postmedial region brown with a darker region throughout the wing. Absence of postmedial band. Presence of rounded discal spot, . FW. Background coloration brown. Presence of rounded spots in the marginal region. Presence of postmedial band, the outer edge has an irregular form. Absence of postmedial spots. Brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs s of the submedial region. Presence of the submedial spot. Brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs of the postbasal region. Abdomen. 170 Brown coloration in dorsal region, and cream in ventral region, with brown scales in the distal region (Fig. 72C). Genitalia ♂ Uncus blunt with teeth, and a middle groove, tips of uncus slightly sclerotized; presence of a “window” near the uncus and falces; falces sclerotized, curved and projected forward; vinculum curved with an obtuse angle near the tegumen, aedeagus semicurved and sclerotized; frenum wide and large uniformly sclecrotized; presence of sclerotized lobules (superior valves) globular shaped; bulla scobinata flard; absence of cornutis. Diagnosis . L. incoides can be confused with the species L. cutisca, since both are similar: size and coloration, however, white cilias that are presented in L. incoides in the forewing are three, while in L. cutisca has four white cilias. The medial band of forewings and hindwings is darker in L. cutisca, while in L. incoides is fainter. In the marginal region (ventral view) the spots in L. incoides are more marked compared to L. cutisca which are more diffuse. The postmedial band (hindwing and forewing) in L. incoides is thinner compared to L. cutisca. Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with brown scales, and brown sensilas. Ocular ring with brown and white scales. Palps with brown and white scales. Antennae. Brown with ringed white scales. Thorax. Brown scales in dorsal region, and brown and white in ventral region. Legs. All legs have pale brown/cream scales. Wings (dorsal view) Anterior (HW) (Fig. 73). Background coloration brown, with black rounded spots, and some silver scales. Marginal region with rounded spots of similar sizes; presence of silver scales above the veins. Postmedial region with presence of trapezoidal shaped spots throughout the wing. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, present linear spots. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown, with black spots and silver scales. Marginal region with rounded spots of similar sizes, and some silver scales above the veins. Postmedial region with presence of trapezoidal shaped spots. Medial, submedial, and postbasal region, with linear spots. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 73). Background coloration pale brown with black spots. Marginal region with rounded shaped spots of similar sizes. Postmedial region with presence of wide trapezoidal shaped spots. Postbasal band only present between M1- M3. Medial and submedial region presents linear spots. FW. Background coloration pale brown with black spots. Marginal region with rounded spots of similar sizes. Postmedial 171 region with presence of wide trapezoidal shaped spots. Medial, submedial, and postbasal regions, with linear spots. Abdomen. Brown scales in the regional region, and cream in ventral region. Diagnosis. L. incoides can be confused with L. cutisca, due to similarity in terms of size, color and shape; however, the spots of L. incoides in the marginal region of the wings, in ventral view, are larger and are well marked throughout the region, compared to L. cutisca which are smaller and in some cases fainter. Likewise, the spots of the postmedial region (ventral view) in L. incoides are wider compared to L. cutisca. On the fringe, L. incoides has three white spots, while L. cutisca has four. Material examined. (Fig. 74). BRASIL: RÍO DE JANEIRO, Petrópolis, Independencia, Petropolis; -22.549, -43.210; 831 m. 17-99-1977, C. Callaghan, 3 (NMNH). PARANÁ, Curitiba, Jardín Botánico de Curitiba; -25.443, -49.23; 930 m. 6-II-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 18-II-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 19-II-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 20-II-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 2-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 9-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 10- III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 20-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 23-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 3 (Naturalista); 25-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 26-III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 y 1 (Naturalista); 30- III-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista); 3-IV-2020, Maristela Zamoner, 1 (Naturalista). ARGENTINA: CHACO, Libertador General San Martín, Parque Provincial Pampa del Indio: -26.275, -59.971; 101 m. 28-XI-2015, Nicolas Olejnik, 1 (Naturalista). MISIONES, Oberá, Campo Ramón; -27.406, -55.007; 235 m. 14-III-2019, Carlos Schmidtuz, 1 (Naturalista). Lasaia cutisca Hall & Willmott, 1998 Lasaia cutisca Hall & Willmott, 1998: Tropical Lepidoptera, 9(1): 23. Inkana cutisca; Zhang, Cong, Shen, Opler & Grishin, 2021: The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey, 9(3): 26. Figs. 75-79 Type locality: Ecuador, Sucumbíos, Bonita Río Sucio. 172 Distribution: Ecuador. Host plants: unknown Lasaia cutisca: Hall & Willmott, 1998; Warren et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2021 (Inkana scotina). Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with brown scales, short sensilas. The ocular ring of the upper part, presents a brown coloration, and pale brown in the lateral region. Palps with brown and white scales, with long sensilas (Figs. 76A-76D). Antennae. Black with ringed white scales, antennal club brown/black; the scales covering the antennal club are found almost throughout the club; medium sized sulcus (Figs. 77A- 77B). Legs. All legs with pale brown scales. Thorax. Brown coloration in dorsal region. Wings (dorsal view) Anterior (HW) (Fig. 75) Background coloration brown, lineal tornus, medium sized cilias of white (4) and black. Presence of rounded spots in the marginal region, with silver scales above the veins, and copper scales around those spots. Absence of postmedial and costal spots. Presence of continuous medial spots (medial region) over the entire wing. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown, with brown cilias. Presence of rounded shaped spots in marginal region, with silver scales above the veins. Absence of postmedial spots. Brown scales between Sc+R1-R of the submedial region. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 75). Background coloration brown. Presence of rounded shaped spots in the marginal region. Postmedial region with a darker brown coloration. Absence of postmedial band. Presence of discal spot. FW. Background coloration brown. Presence of rounded shaped spots in marginal region. Presence of postmedial band, the outer edge presents a regular straight shape. Absence of postmedial spots. Brown coloration between Sc+R1-Rs veins, in submedial region. Presence of submedial spots. Brown coloration between Sc+R1- Rs veins, in postbasal region. Abdomen. Brown coloration in dorsal region, and cream in ventral; with brown/pale brown scales in the distal region (Fig. 77C). Description Head. Brown hairy eyes (pinned specimens). Frons with brown and cream scales. Ocular ring with brown and cream scales. Thorax. Brown scales in dorsal and ventral region. Legs. All legs present brown/cream coloration. Wings (dorsal view) Anterior (HW). (Fig. 78). Background coloration brown with rounded shaped black spots of similar sizes, and silver scales above the veins. Postmedial region with trapezoidal shaped spots. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, with lineal shaped spots. Posterior (FW). Background coloration brown, with black spots and some silvers scales. Marginal region with rounded 173 shaped spots of similar sizes, and silver scales above veins. Postmedial region with presence of wide trapezoidal shaped spots. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions, with linear spots. Wings (ventral view). HW (Fig. 78). Background coloration pale brown with black spots. Marginal region with presences of irregular rounded spots., those located below 1A+2A, are fainter or in some cases absent. Postmedial region with wider trapezoidal shaped spots. Postbasal band only present between M1-M3 . Medial and submedial regions with linear spots. FW. Background coloration pale brown with black spots. Marginal region with presence of rounded shaped spots. Postmedial region with presence of wider trapezoidal shaped spots, almost of the same size. Medial, submedial and postbasal regions with lineal shaped spots. Abdomen. Dark brown scales in dorsal, and pale brown in ventral region. Material examined. (Fig. 79). ECUADOR: NAPO, Baeza: -0.45, -77.8833; 1876 m, 5-99- 1988, R. Robbins, 1 y (USNMENT). MORONA SANTIAGO, Nueve de Octubre: - 2.2166, -78.2166; 1480 m, 10-99-1999. Robbins, Busby, Estevez & Aldas, 3 (USNMENT). Discussion In this work, we proposed the recognition of 13 species of Lasaia based on morphology, with the inclusion of L. meris, L. aerugo, and L. maritima, although these species could not be reviewed. Clench (1972) grouped Lasaia species into 5 groups: “moeros” who included L. moeros and L. kennethi; “sessilis” with L. sessilis, L. maria maria, and L. maria anna; “arsis”, with L. arsis, L. meris, and L. pseudomeris; “agesilas” which included L. sula sula, L. s. peninsularis, L. aerugo, L. agesilas agesilas, and L. a. callaina; and finally, “oileus” with L. oileus and L. incoides (scotina); these results are similar to what we found with the phylogenetic analysis, with the exclusion of L. cutisca, L. incoides, and L. oileus, that our analysis shows that those species belongs to another genus. In a recent work, Zhang et al. (2021), found that L. cutisca and L. incoides do not belong to the genus Lasaia, and proposed a new one: Inkana with genomic data; those results are similar that we found in this work with morphologic information. The phylogenetic hypothesis that we confirmed with morphological data, supports recent phylogenetic studies with molecular data (Seraphim et al. 2018); however, our study 174 included more species of the genus, so, it was possible to confirm the monophyly of the genus with the exclusion of the mentioned taxa, therefore, it is extremely important to try to include in all studies most or all representatives of the genus to have a phylogenetic hypothesis with better support. According to Bates (1868), Lasaia species had the palps projected beyond the forehead, and had hairy-eyes, however, those characters are not exclusive of the genus. In butterflies, labial palps have historically been used to delimitate species and genera of different families, v. gr. Riodinidae (Stichel, 1911), Nymphalidae (Salazar, 2008) and Pieridae (Vargas-Fernández et al., 2018), however, the use of other characters within the labial palps, can be very helpful to differentiate at generic level, such as Vom Rath organ, as we found in this work. Clench (1972), mentioned that he based his classification only on wing morphology and male genitalia, mainly. In this work, we suggest that the characters found in head, wings, and male and female genitalia are of importance to delimit the genus and its species, and hence the importance of having or collecting the males and females of the different species, to try to delimit and define the taxa with greater precision. Although Clench (1972) reviewed some specimens of L. oileus, he did not found differences to separate this species as another genus, since he based his work on wing morphology and did not review other characters, such as the male or female genitalia. The species L. oileus was not defined within the genus Lasaia in this study, so it could be a new undescribed genus, since it presents a series of characters that are very different from those of the species within the genus Lasaia. Regarding the most notable external morphological characters, they are: coloration of the frons, presence of silvery scales on the veins in the marginal region, size and coloration; and, the internal morphological characters (female genitalia), such as the presence of signum; because no known female of the genus Lasaia has such a structure. In the case of L. cutisca Clench (1972), only based on the holotype and description made by Stichel (1910), also he did not examine the male genitalia. In the case of L. maria maria and L. maria anna, no significant differences were found to consider them as two different identities (subspecies) like Clench (1972) proposed; so, it is proposed that L. m. anna is a synonym of L. m. maria and is widely distributed from Mexico to Central America. The opposite occurs with the subspecies L. s. sula and L. s. 175 peninsularis, since significant morphological differences were found to suggest that they are valid species. In addition to the morphological differences, it was found that their distribution is sympatritic on the slope of the Gulf of Mexico. So, together with the morphological differences, this is another reason for them to be considered as valid species and not subspecies. This could be corroborated with other evidence, like molecular data: mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI), wingless (wg), elongation factor 1 α (EF- 1 α). Arellano-Covarrubias et al. (2019) had noticed these inconsistencies in the wing morphology of the four species mentioned above. However, they did not have enough specimens to corroborate or reject those hypotheses. By reviewing a greater number of specimens from the different collections and photographs, the identities of these taxa are corroborated and confirmed in this work. Arellano-Covarrubias et al. (2019) carried out the first distributional study of the species of the genus Lasaia found in Mexico, and they give an approximate distribution of seven species of Lasaia. However, due to the lack of specimens of the other species, it was not possible to generate information on the general distribution of the genus and of each species outside of Mexico until now. Here, we compile the distributional information of almost all species of the genus Lasaia, and thus we can present a better idea of the distribution of the entire genus across the Neotropical region. Arellano-Covarrubias et al. (2019), mention that L. meris is found mainly in the biogeographic province Gulf of Mexico. However, that statement was incorrect, as the same authors recognized in a later publication (Arellano-Covarrubias et al. 2023), that the correct identification of the taxon was L. arsis. The authors reached this conclusion after reviewing the specimens of this species in an international collection. In the same work, Arellano- Covarrubias et al. (2023), described the females of two species of Lasaia, the identity of which had remained hidden due to the lack of specimens and a systematic work, so it is extremely important to continue collecting specimens in the field and to review specimens from different institutions in order to try to discover the correct identity of the species and their distribution. Acknowledgments 176 The authors thank the curators who facilitated the access to the collections and databases under their care: Robert K. Robbins, Brian Harris (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA); David A. Grimaldi, Suzanne Rab Green, Courtney Richenbacher (American Museum of National History, New York, USA); Rob de Vos, Eulàlia Gassó (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Netherlands). Naomi Pierce (Harvard Museum of Natural History, Cambridge, EUA); Jan Meerman (Belize Tropical Studies, Belize); Alejandro Zaldívar Riverón, María Cristina Mayorga Martínez (Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México); Mercedes Luna Reyes (Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, México); Carmen Pozo (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Mexico). Moisés Armando Luis Martínez (Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, México. Théo Léger (Museum für Naturkunde des Humboldt-Universität, Berlin), for the photographs of the lectotype and paratype of L. arsis. Christian Brévignon for help and access to the photographs on his collection. Curtis Callaghan (Colombia); Jiichiro Yoshimoto (Guatemala). AAC thanks the Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and CONAHCyT (CVU 740078) for the grants to help with this study. This work is part of the Ph. D. research project of A. Arellano-Covarrubias. Authors thank CONABIO, for their support to the Lepidoptera collection, granting resources for infrastructure, fieldwork, and data repatriation from specimens in USA collections. JLB thanks the projects PAPIIT-IN220521, and CONACyT 284966 for financial support. 177 References Álvarez-García, H., Ibarra, A. V. & Escalante, P. (2016) Riqueza y distribución altitudinal de las mariposas de la Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Acta Zoológica Mexicana (Nueva Serie), 32 (3), 323-347. https://doi.org/10.21829/azm.2016.323967 Arellano-Covarrubias, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martínez, A. 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Black circles represent no homoplastic characters, and white circles represent homoplastic characters. Number above each circle correspond to a character, and below circle at character state. ........................ 194 Figure 4. Dorsal and ventral view of male Lasaia arsis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. .. 195 Figure 5. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia arsis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 196 Figure 6. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia arsis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 197 Figure 7. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia arsis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 198 Figure 8. Female genitalia of Lasaia arsis. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. ..................... 199 Figure 9. Geographic distribution of Lasaia arsis. ............................................................ 200 Figure 10. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm ................................................................................................................................ 200 Figure 11. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ................................................................................................... 201 Figure 12. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ................................................................................................... 202 Figure 13. Female genitalia of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. 203 Figure 14. Geographic distribution of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. ...................................... 204 Figure 15. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm ................................................................................................................................ 204 Figure 16. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm .................................................................................................... 205 Figure 17. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ................................................................................................... 206 Figure 18. Male genitalia of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm ... 207 Figure 19. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm ............................................................................................................. 208 Figure 20. Female genitalia of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm . 208 Figure 21. Geographic distribution of Lasaia agesilas callaina. ...................................... 209 Figure 22. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia kennethi. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ...................................................................................................................................... 209 Figure 23. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia kennethi. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm ............................................................................................................ 210 188 Figure 24. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia kennethi. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm ............................................................................................................ 211 Figure 25. Geographic distribution of Lasaia kennethi in Bolivia. ................................... 212 Figure 26. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia moeros. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 212 Figure 27. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia moeros. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 213 Figure 28. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia moeros. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 214 Figure 29. Geographic distribution of Lasaia moeros in South America. ......................... 215 Figure 30. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia maria. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 215 Figure 31. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia maria. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 216 Figure 32. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia maria. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 217 Figure 33. Male genitalia of Lasaia maria. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm. .................. 218 Figure 34. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia maria. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 219 Figure 35. Female genitalia of Lasaia maria. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm ................... 219 Figure 36. Geographic distribution of Lasaia maria in México and Central America. ..... 220 Figure 37. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ................................................................................................................................... 220 Figure 38. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 221 Figure 39. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 222 Figure 40. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................... 223 Figure 41. Female genitalia of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. ....... 224 Figure 42. Geographic distribution of Lasaia pseudomeris in South America. ................ 225 Figure 43. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 225 Figure 44. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 226 Figure 45. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 227 Figure 46. Male genitalia of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm. ................ 228 Figure 47. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm ....................................................................................................................................... 229 Figure 48. Female genitalia of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm ................. 229 Figure 49. Geographic distribution of Lasaia sessilis in México and Central America. ... 230 189 Figure 50. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia sula. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 230 Figure 51. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia sula. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 231 Figure 52. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia sula. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 232 Figure 53. Male genitalia of Lasaia sula. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm. ..................... 233 Figure 54. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia sula. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 233 Figure 55. Female genitalia of Lasaia sula. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. ..................... 234 Figure 56. Geographic distribution of Lasaia sula. ........................................................... 235 Figure 57. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ................................................................................................................................... 235 Figure 58. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 236 Figure 59. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 237 Figure 60. Male genitalia of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm. ........ 238 Figure 61. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................... 239 Figure 62. Female genitalia of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm ........ 239 Figure 63. Geographic distribution of Lasaia peninsularis. .............................................. 240 Figure 64. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia oileus. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 240 Figure 65. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia oileus. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 241 Figure 66. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia oileus. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 242 Figure 67. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia oileus. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm ............................................................................................................................................ 243 Figure 68. Corpus bursae of Lasaia oileus. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. ..................... 243 Figure 69. Geographic distribution of Lasaia oileus. ........................................................ 244 Figure 70. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia incoides. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ...................................................................................................................................... 244 Figure 71. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia incoides. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 245 Figure 72. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia incoides. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 246 Figure 73. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia incoides. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ...................................................................................................................................... 247 Figure 74. Geographic distribution of Lasaia incoides in South America. ....................... 247 Figure 75. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia cutisca. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ............................................................................................................................................ 248 190 Figure 76. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia cutisca. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 249 Figure 77. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia cutisca. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. ........................................................................................................... 250 Figure 78. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia cutisca. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. ...................................................................................................................................... 251 Figure 79. Geographic distribution of Lasaia cutisca in Ecuador. .................................... 251 191 192 Figure 1. Nomenclature used for the forewing and hindwing patterns in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view 193 Figure 2. Tree consensus of two most parsimonious trees obtained from TNT analysis under implied weights (L: 361, CI: 0.734, RI: 0.739). Numbers of each branch represent bootstrap value 194 Figure 3. Tree character obtained with TNT and Winclada. Black circles represent no homoplastic characters, and white circles represent homoplastic characters. Number above each circle correspond to a character, and below circle at character state. 195 Figure 4. Dorsal and ventral view of male Lasaia arsis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 196 Figure 5. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia arsis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 197 Figure 6. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia arsis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 198 Figure 7. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia arsis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 199 Figure 8. Female genitalia of Lasaia arsis. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. 200 Figure 9. Geographic distribution of Lasaia arsis. Figure 10. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm 201 Figure 11. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 202 Figure 12. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 203 Figure 13. Female genitalia of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. 204 Figure 14. Geographic distribution of Lasaia agesilas agesilas. Figure 15. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm 205 Figure 16. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm 206 Figure 17. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 207 Figure 18. Male genitalia of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm 208 Figure 19. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm Figure 20. Female genitalia of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm 209 Figure 21. Geographic distribution of Lasaia agesilas callaina. Figure 22. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia kennethi. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 210 Figure 23. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia kennethi. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm 211 Figure 24. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia kennethi. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm 212 Figure 25. Geographic distribution of Lasaia kennethi in Bolivia. Figure 26. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia moeros. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 213 Figure 27. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia moeros. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 214 Figure 28. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia moeros. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 215 Figure 29. Geographic distribution of Lasaia moeros in South America. Figure 30. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia maria. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 216 Figure 31. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia maria. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 217 Figure 32. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia maria. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 218 Figure 33. Male genitalia of Lasaia maria. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm. 219 Figure 34. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia maria. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. Figure 35. Female genitalia of Lasaia maria. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm 220 Figure 36. Geographic distribution of Lasaia maria in México and Central America. Figure 37. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 221 Figure 38. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 222 Figure 39. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 223 Figure 40. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 224 Figure 41. Female genitalia of Lasaia pseudomeris. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. 225 Figure 42. Geographic distribution of Lasaia pseudomeris in South America. Figure 43. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 226 Figure 44. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 227 Figure 45. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 228 Figure 46. Male genitalia of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm. 229 Figure 47. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm Figure 48. Female genitalia of Lasaia sessilis. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm 230 Figure 49. Geographic distribution of Lasaia sessilis in México and Central America. Figure 50. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia sula. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 231 Figure 51. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia sula. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 232 Figure 52. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia sula. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 233 Figure 53. Male genitalia of Lasaia sula. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm. Figure 54. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia sula. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 234 Figure 55. Female genitalia of Lasaia sula. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. 235 Figure 56. Geographic distribution of Lasaia sula. Figure 57. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 236 Figure 58. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 237 Figure 59. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 238 Figure 60. Male genitalia of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bar correspond to 0.5 mm. 239 Figure 61. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. Figure 62. Female genitalia of Lasaia peninsularis. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm 240 Figure 63. Geographic distribution of Lasaia peninsularis. Figure 64. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia oileus. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 241 Figure 65. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia oileus. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 242 Figure 66. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia oileus. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 243 Figure 67. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia oileus. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm Figure 68. Corpus bursae of Lasaia oileus. Scale bar correspond to 1 mm. 244 Figure 69. Geographic distribution of Lasaia oileus. Figure 70. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia incoides. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 245 Figure 71. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia incoides. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 246 Figure 72. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia incoides. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 247 Figure 73. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia incoides. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. Figure 74. Geographic distribution of Lasaia incoides in South America. 248 Figure 75. Dorsal and ventral view of male of Lasaia cutisca. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. 249 Figure 76. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia cutisca. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 250 Figure 77. Photographs illustrating some of the characters of Lasaia cutisca. Scale bars correspond to 1 mm. 251 Figure 78. Dorsal and ventral view of female of Lasaia cutisca. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm. Figure 79. Geographic distribution of Lasaia cutisca in Ecuador. 252 Appendix I In the next section, a set of characters are presented to use in the phylogenetic analysis. The characters were divided in subheadings: head, legs, thorax, abdomen, forewings (dorsal and ventral view), hindwings (dorsal and ventral view), male genitalia and female genitalia. eighty-two characters were identified as listed below. Head. In recent works for Riodinidae (Callaghan et al., 2011, Hall, 2005, 2018;), the use of different characters presents in the head (v. gr. eyes, frons, palpi) were successful to describe species (Callaghan & Nobre, 2013; Callaghan et al., 2014) or separate genera (Hall & Harvey, 2002). The use of those characters is well documented in Riodinidae by Hall (1999, 2005, 2018), and in others families like Hesperiidae: Carneiro et al. (2018), Dolibaina et al. (2017); Papilionidae: Shiraiwa et al. (2014); Nymphalidae: Barbosa et al. (2016) 1. Frons scales, coloration: (0) Principally brown with orange; (1) Brown with a few metallic blues; (2) Brown (3) Grey with copper; (4) Principally white with black scales (5) Principally brown with white scales; (6) Darker brown 2. Eyes: (0) Bared; (1) Haired 3. Frons, sensilla, length: (0) Short; (1) Large 4. Ocular ring, coloration above the eyes: (0) Brown; (1) Pale brown; (2) Grey with copper; (3) Darker brown 5. Ocular ring, lateral coloration at eye margin: (0) Orange with white; (1) Pale brown; (2) Brown; (3) Cream; (4) White; (5) Grey; (6) Darker brown 6. Palpi scales, coloration: (0) Principally orange with black; (1) Brown; (2) Brown with a few white; (3) Brown with white; (4) White with a few black; (5) Grey; (6) Darker brown with a few whites 7. Palpi, sensilla, length: (0) Short; (1) Large 8. Palpi, third segment length: (0): At least 2.5 times smaller than the second segment; (1) At least 5 times smaller than the second segment; (2) At least 5 times smaller than the second segment (3) Almost 2 times smaller than the second segment. 9. Palpi, third segment, vom Rath’s organ, size: (0) Covers a fifth part of the third segment; (1) Covers all the third segment (2) Covers almost two-thirds parts of the third 253 segment; (3) Covers almost a third part of the third segment (4) Covers almost half of the third segment; (5) Covers almost a fourth part of the first segment Antennae. The coloration of the antennae has been used to describe species or to made a diagnosis of them. The use of these character (coloration) it’s useful to separate between species, however, there are different set of characters that can be use at different levels, like numbers of antennomers, types of sensilla, form of sulcus, etc., nevertheless, by the limited number of specimens of some species (v. gr. L. oileus, L. incoides, L. arsis., L. kenetti), principally the coloration has been used in this section for this analysis. 10. Antennae, general coloration: (0) Brown with white ringed scales; (1) Black/blue with white ringed scales; (2) Black with white ringed scales 11. Antennae, club coloration: (0) Brown; (1) Brown with white scales at the base; (2) Brown/black; (3) Black/blue 12. Antennae, club scales: (0) Covers almost all the club; (1) Covers only the outside of the club 13. Antennae, sulcus size: (0) Small; (1) Medium; (2) Big Legs. A leg of a Lepidoptera, is divided (proximally to distally) into coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus and pretarsus (Scoble, 1992). In Riodinidae, the prothoracic legs of males are reduced and haired, this structure, has been useful to delimitate genera (Trujano-Ortega et al., 2018), and in the case for species, the coloration (of the three legs) it’s useful to separate between species. 14. Prothoracic legs, scales, coloration: (0) Orange; (1) Brown with iridescent blue; (2) Brown; (3) Pale brown; (4) Brown/cream; (5) Grey (6) White; (7) Brown with white; (8) Darker brown with a few white 15. Midleg and forelegs, coloration: (0) Orange with brown at the junctions; (1) Brown/grey with a few iridescent blues; (2) Brown; (3) Pale brown; (4) Grey; (5) White/cream; (6) White with brown at the junctions; (7) Darker brown with white Thorax 16. Dorsal view, scales general coloration: (0) Brown; (1) Metallic blue/green; (2) Metallic cooper; (3) Darker brown Abdomen 254 17. Dorsal view, general coloration: (0) Brown; (1) Brown with a few grey scales; (2) Grey with orange; (3) Brown with transversal white stripes; (4) Metallic blue/green; (5) Metallic blue copper 18. Ventral view, general coloration: (0) Orange; (1) Cream; (2) Brown; (3) Cream/grey; (4) Whitish/pale brown; (5) White 19. Scales at the tip, coloration: (0) Brown and orange; (1) Brown; (2) Orange; (3) Brown/pale brown; (4) Brown; (5) Brown and white; (6) Brown/Cream; (7) Pale brown; (8) Grey/brown Wings. Traditionally, the use of the wings (forewings and hindwings) of Lepidoptera, have been used to describe species (v. gr. Callaghan et al. 2013; Llorente-Bousquets et al., 2013; Nakahara et al., 2015), however, due to phenotypic plasticity of species of Riodinidae (v. gr. Calephelis, Emesis. Mesosemia, Napaea), sometimes the species are wrongly identified. Commonly in butterflies, the use of spots, bands and colors, are usefully to delimitate species and genus (Trujano-Ortega et al., 208). Lasaia have a typical wing pattern (Fig. 1), very different of his related genera: Calephelis, Charis, Crocozona. Recently, Zhang et al. (2021), separate the species L. incoides and L. cutisca into a new genus: Inkana, based on genomics analysis, however, they do not make a clearly description of the new genus; they mentioned that for a briefly description of this new genus, the description of the species made by Hall & Willmott (1998) it’s useful to delimitate their new genus. 20. General coloration: (0) Brown with copper; (1) Brown; (2) Brown/black (3) Brown with orange (4) Metallic copper; (5) Metallic brown; (6) Metallic blue/green; (7) Brown with orange, and white 21. Apix, form: (0) Falcate; (1) Semi-rounded; (2) Rounded 22. Outer margin, tornus, form: (0) Lineal; (1) Convex 23. *Fringe, white scales, number: (0) 6; (1) 4; (2) 3 24. Tornus, white scale, size: (0) Almost covers all the space between Cu2-1A+2A veins; (1) Covers half of the space between Cu2-1A+2A veins; (2) Cover the third part of the space between Cu2-1A+2A veins; (3) Only covers a minimal space between Cu2- 1A+2A veins. 25. Fringe, scales, size: (0) Medium; (1) Small; (2) Large 255 26. Marginal area, coloration: (0) Brown with copper; (1) Brown; (2) Brown/black (3) Brown with orange (4) Metallic copper; (5) Metallic brown; (6) Metallic blue/green 27. Marginal area, marginal spots: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 28. Marginal area, if marginal spots are present, form: (0) Rounded; (1) Squared; (2) Lineal; (3) Irregular 29. *Marginal area, scales above veins, coloration: (0) Brown; (1) Black/brown; (2) Black; (3) Silver/blue; (4) Silver; (5) Orange 30. Marginal area, scales around of spots: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 31. Marginal area, if scales around of spots are present, coloration: (0) Copper brown; (1) Metallic copper; (2) Orange 32. Postmedial area, postmedial spots: (0) Absence; (1) Presence 33. Medial area, costal spots: (0) Absence; (1) Presence 34. Medial area, if costal spots are present: (0) Two or three white spots; (1) Two or three whitish/blue spots 35. Medial area, medial macules: (0) Presence across the wing, discontinuous line; (1) Presence across the wing, continuous line; (2) Presence, below Cu1 vein are faded or absent; (3) Absence 36. Medial area, medial macules darker between costal margin and M3 vein: (0) Absence; (1) Presence 37. Submedial area, hyaline spots: (0) Absence; (1) Presence 38. Submedial area, if hyaline spots are presents: (0) Three; (1) Two 39. Two silver lines across the wing, between marginal and postmedial areas: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 40. Two dotted silver lines across the wing, between marginal and medial areas: (0) Absence; (1) Presence Hindwings, dorsal view 41. General coloration: (0) Brown and copper; (1) Brown; (2) Brown with an orange strip across the wing; (3) Brown/black (4) Metallic copper; (5) Metallic brown; (6) Metallic blue/green; (7) Brown with orange 42. *Fringe, scales, coloration: (0) Brown with white; (1) Brown with white between the veins; (2) White with brown at the end of veins (3) Brown; (4) White 256 43. Fringe, size, length: (0) Medium; (1) Small; (2) Large 44. Marginal area, marginal spots: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 45. Marginal area, if marginal spots are present, form: (0) Rounded; (1) Square; (2) Lineal 46. *Marginal area, scales above veins, coloration: (0) Brown; (1) Black/brown; (2) Silver/blue (3) Silver 47. Postmedial area, near of apex, postmedial spots: (0) Absence; (1) Presence 48. Postmedial area, near of apex, if postmedial spots are present: (0) Three big spots between Sc+R1-M2 veins, with faded spots below that; (1) Three thick spots between Sc+R1-M2 veins, with faded spots below that; (2); Three thick medium spots between Sc+R1-M2 veins, absent spots below that; (3) Lineal thin spots between Sc+R1-M2 veins, with shorter spots below that; (4) Lineal spots between Sc+R1-M2 veins; (5) One thick spot between Sc+R1-R veins, with thinner spots below that 49. Submedial area, macules: (0) Brown and copper scales between Sc+R1-R veins; (1) Brown scales between Sc+R1-R veins; (2) Brown scales with a black spot between Sc+R1-R veins; (3) Black/brown scales with a darker spot between Sc+R1-R veins; (4) White scales with a black spot between Sc+R1-R veins; (5) Orange with brown scales. Forewings, ventral view 50. Marginal area, marginal spots: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 51. Marginal area, if marginal spots are present, form: (0) Rounded; (1) Squared; (2) Straight lines 52. Marginal area, coloration: (0) Orange with silver scales across the wing; (1) Brown with silver spots; (2) Metallic blue with silver scales near at tornus and apex; (3) Metallic blue/purple; (4) Brown with metallic blue; (5) Brown; (6) Paler brown; (7) White with brown; (8) Brown with orange 53. Postmedial area, coloration: (0) Orange with silver scales across wing; (1) Metallic blue with silver scales; (2) Metallic blue/purple; (3) Brown with metallic blue; (4) Brown with a darker zone across wing; (5) Brown with a few metallic blues near at tornus; (6) Brown with metallic blue; (7) Brown; (8) Paler brown; (9) White with brown (10) Copper/blue 54. Postmedial area, postmedial band outer border: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 257 55. Postmedial area, postmedial band outer border, form: (0) Irregular straight; (1) Straight; (2) Zigzag 56. Submedial area, coloration: (0) Orange; (1) Metallic blue; (2) Metallic blue with brown; (3) Brown; (4) White with brown; (5) Brown with orange 57. Discal area, discal spot: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 58. Discal area, if discal spot is present, form: (0) Spot; (1) Comma; (2) Thin line; (3) Straight line; (4) Wide line Hindwings, ventral view 59. General coloration: (0) Orange; (1) Brown with an orange strip across the wing; (2) Metallic blue; (3) Brown; (4) Brown with copper blue; (5) Brown with metallic blue; (6) Brown with white; (7) Brown with orange 60. Marginal area, coloration: (0) Orange with silver scales across the wing; (1) Brown with silver spots; (2) Whitish/brown with metallic blue; (3) Brown; (4) Pale brown; (5) White with brown; (6) Brown with orange 61. Marginal area, marginal spots: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 62. Marginal area, if marginal spots are present, form: (0) Rounded; (1) Squared 63. Postmedial area, coloration: (0) Orange with silver scales across the wing; (1) Metallic blue/purple; (2) Metallic blue with brown; (3) Brown with metallic blue; (4) Brown (5) Pale brown (6) Brown with white; (7) Copper blue 64. Postmedial area, postmedial band (0) Presence; (1) Absence 65. Postmedial area, if postmedial band is present, outer border form: (0) Irregular straight; (1) Straight; (2) Zigzag 66. Postmedial area, postmedial spots: (0) Absence; (1) Presence 67. Postmedial area, if postmedial spots are present, form: (0) Three big spots between Sc+R1-M1, with faded macules below that until vein 1A+2A; (1) Three spots between Sc+R1-M1, with faded macules below that; (2) Three spots between Sc+R1-M1, with macules below that; (3) Straight lines across the area 68. Submedial area, coloration between veins Sc+R1-Rs: (0) Orange; (1) Metallic blue; (2) Brown; (3) Paler brown; (4) White; (5) Orange with brown 69. Submedial area, submedial spot: (0) Absence; (1) Presence 258 70. Postbasal area, coloration between veins Sc+R1-Rs: (0) Orange; (1) Metallic blue; (2) Brown; (3) Paler brown; (4) White; (5) Orange with brown Male genitalia 71. Vinculum (lateral view), angle: (0) Almost lineal; (1) Obtuse; (2) Acute; (3) Lineal 72. Presence of bulla scobinata sensu Clench, 1972: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 73. Bulla scobinata sensu Clench, 1972, form: (0) Flared; (1) Rounded; (2) Large 74. Frenum (lateral view) sensu Clench, 1972, form: (0) Rounded and wide; (1) Wide and short; (2) Wider and shorter; (3) Thin and large; (4) Wide and large; (5) Short and small 75. Frenum (ventral view) sensu Clench, 1972, form:(0) Divided form like “U”; (1) Like a sclerotized inverted “U”; (2) Like a sclerotize inverted “V”; (3) Uniformly sclerotized; (4) Like a sclerotized spoonbill 76. Aedeago, superior valves, sclerotized lobules: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 77. Aedeago, superior valves, sclerotized lobules, form: (0) Slightly sclerotized tips; (1) Spikes; (2) Globular 78. Uncus (dorsal view), posterior margin: (0) Blunt with a middle groove; (1) Rounded; (2) Blunt and plane at the center; (3) Almost plane; (4) Blunt with teeth, and a middle groove; (5) Rounded blunt with teeth, and curved in the middle; (6) Rounded with a groove in the middle; (7) Blunt with three middle grooves 79. Cornutis: (0) Absence; (1) Presence Female genitalia 80. Signum: (0) Presence; (1) Absence 81. Ductus bursae, position joint sternite: (0) Medial; (1) left region; (2) extremely left region 82. Number of sclerotized sternites: (0) 3; (1) 2; (2) 1; (3) 0 259 Appendix II Data matrix used in the phylogenetic analysis. Character 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 3 1 4 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2 8 2 9 3 0 Exoplisia azuleja 3 1 0 2 5 5 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 5 4 0 2 3 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 Lasaia arsis 4 1 0 0 3 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 6 5 1 4 4 7 6 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 1 Lasaia sula sula 4 1 0 0 4 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 6 5 1 4 4 8 6 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 1 Lasaia sula peninsularis 4 1 0 0 4 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 6 5 1 4 4 8 6 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 1 Lasaia agesilas agesilas 4 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 5 1 4 2 1 6 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 1 Lasaia agesilas callaina 4 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 6 5 1 4 2 7 6 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 0 2 1 Lasaia moeros 4 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 4 3 1 4 4 1 6 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 2 2 1 Lasaia kennethi 4 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 5 5 1 ? ? ? 6 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 2 2 1 Lasaia sessilis 4 1 0 0 4 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 5 4 0 0 2 1 5 1 1 0 0 1 5 0 1 2 1 Lasaia pseudomeris 4 1 0 0 4 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 6 5 1 4 4 6 6 1 1 0 0 1 6 0 1 2 1 Lasaia maria maria 4 1 0 0 4 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 6 5 2 5 4 8 4 1 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 2 1 Lasaia maria anna 4 1 0 0 4 4 0 2 2 1 3 1 2 6 5 2 5 4 8 4 1 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 2 1 Lasaia oileus 5 1 1 0 2 3 1 2 3 0 0 1 0 6 6 0 3 5 5 2 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 1 Lasaia incoides 2 1 0 0 1 3 1 3 4 0 0 1 0 3 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 3 0 1 0 0 4 0 Lasaia cutisca 2 1 0 0 1 3 1 3 5 2 2 0 1 3 3 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 4 0 Calephelis mexicana 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calephelis acapulcoensis 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Charis anius 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Crocozona coecias 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 2 0 3 1 -- 0 1 Calydna venusta 5 0 0 0 2 3 0 ? ? 0 0 1 1 7 6 0 ? ? ? 7 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 Calydna sturnula 6 0 0 3 6 6 0 ? ? 0 1 1 1 8 7 3 ? ? ? 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 260 Character 31 32 33 34 35 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 5 9 6 0 Exoplisia azuleja 1 0 0 -- 0 0 1 0 1 4 1 0 0 3 0 -- 1 0 0 3 2 1 -- 1 0 3 2 2 Lasaia arsis -- 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 4 0 0 7 9 0 1 4 0 4 6 5 Lasaia sula sula -- 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 7 7 0 1 3 0 1 6 5 Lasaia sula peninsularis -- 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 7 6 0 2 4 0 1 6 5 Lasaia agesilas agesilas -- 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 7 7 0 0 3 0 4 6 5 Lasaia agesilas callaina -- 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 7 5 0 1 3 0 2 6 5 Lasaia moeros -- 1 1 -- 0 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 2 1 1 4 1 0 1 6 8 0 1 3 0 2 0 4 Lasaia kennethi -- 1 1 -- 2 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 2 1 0 -- 1 0 1 6 8 1 -- 3 0 2 3 4 Lasaia sessilis -- 1 1 -- 0 0 1 0 5 2 1 0 1 1 1 3 2 0 1 5 7 0 1 3 0 2 3 3 Lasaia pseudomeris -- 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 4 0 0 7 9 0 1 3 0 0 6 5 Lasaia maria maria -- 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 5 10 0 1 3 0 2 4 3 Lasaia maria anna -- 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 5 10 0 1 3 0 2 4 3 Lasaia oileus -- 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 2 2 0 0 2 1 5 3 0 0 4 3 0 1 2 0 4 5 2 Lasaia incoides 1 0 0 -- 1 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 3 0 -- 1 0 0 5 4 1 -- 3 0 0 3 3 Lasaia cutisca 1 0 0 -- 1 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 3 0 -- 1 0 0 5 4 1 -- 3 0 0 3 3 Calephelis mexicana 0 0 0 -- 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -- 0 0 Calephelis acapulcoensis 0 0 0 -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Charis anius -- 0 0 -- 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 -- 1 1 -- 2 1 1 -- 1 0 3 2 2 Crocozona coecias -- 0 0 -- 3 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 -- 0 0 -- 1 0 0 1 7 1 -- 3 0 3 1 1 Calydna venusta 2 0 0 -- 3 0 1 0 7 0 2 0 0 0 0 -- 5 0 0 8 9 1 -- 5 1 -- 7 6 Calydna sturnula -- 0 0 -- 3 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 -- 6 0 0 6 8 1 -- 5 1 -- 4 4 261 Character 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Exoplisia azuleja 0 0 1 0 0 0 -- 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 ? ? Lasaia arsis 0 0 6 0 1 1 0 4 1 4 2 0 1 3 2 1 -- 0 0 1 0 0 Lasaia sula sula 0 0 6 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 4 2 1 -- 0 0 1 0 2 Lasaia sula peninsularis 0 0 6 0 2 1 1 4 1 4 1 0 0 4 2 1 -- 3 0 1 1 2 Lasaia agesilas agesilas 0 0 3 0 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 0 0 2 2 1 -- 0 0 1 0 0 Lasaia agesilas callaina 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 2 2 1 -- 0 0 1 1 1 Lasaia moeros 0 0 5 0 1 1 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 2 2 1 -- 0 0 ? ? ? Lasaia kennethi 0 0 5 1 -- 0 -- 3 1 3 0 0 0 2 2 1 -- 2 0 ? ? ? Lasaia sessilis 0 0 4 0 1 1 3 2 1 2 0 0 0 3 2 1 -- 3 0 1 2 0 Lasaia pseudomeris 0 0 6 0 0 1 1 4 0 4 1 0 0 1 2 1 -- 3 0 1 0 0 Lasaia maria maria 0 1 7 0 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 0 0 4 2 1 -- 2 0 1 0 0 Lasaia maria anna 0 1 7 0 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 0 0 4 2 1 -- 2 0 1 ? ? Lasaia oileus 0 0 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 0 2 3 2 0 1 5 0 0 ? ? Lasaia incoides 0 0 4 0 0 0 -- 2 1 2 1 0 0 4 3 0 2 4 0 ? ? ? Lasaia cutisca 0 0 4 0 1 0 -- 2 1 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 ? ? ? Calephelis mexicana 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- 0 1 0 0 1 -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Calephelis acapulcoensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- 0 0 0 0 1 -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Charis anius 1 -- 1 1 -- 0 -- 1 1 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Crocozona coecias 0 0 4 1 -- 0 -- 2 1 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Calydna venusta 0 0 6 1 -- 0 -- 5 0 5 3 1 -- 5 3 0 1 6 0 0 0 2 Calydna sturnula 0 0 5 1 -- 0 -- 5 0 5 3 1 -- 3 4 0 0 7 0 0 0 3 262 Discusión General y Conclusiones La familia Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en los últimos años se estudia exhaustivamente bajo diferentes enfoques: evolutivos, taxonómicos, biogeográficos ecológicos y/o estados inmaduros (Callaghan, 2003; Nishida, 2010; Seraphim et al., 2015; Sáfian, 2016; Arellano-Covarrubias et al., 2018; Hall, 2018; Trujano-Ortega et al., 2018). Además del uso de la “sistemática tradicional” (morfología), se han utilizado marcadores moleculares: mitocondriales y nucleares, con la finalidad de obtener y dilucidar las relaciones a diferentes escalas evolutivas (Seraphim et al., 2018), además de esclarecer las diferentes relaciones de diferentes grupos con situaciones taxonómicas a analizar y/o grupos morfológicamente de difícil determinación. v. gr Emesis, Apodemia (Trujano-Ortega et al., 2018; Trujano-Ortega, 2019). El trabajo de Clench (1972) marcó una pauta en el conocimiento del género Lasaia en cuanto a la morfología y distribución de los taxones de dicho género a grandes rasgos, sin embargo, su obra carecía de información de las hembras, ya que se basó principalmente en la morfología general de los machos, esto debido a que las hembras son más difíciles de recolectar y/o discernir entre unas y otras, ya que presentan similitudes morfológicas acentuadas entre las diferentes especies. Por lo que, aunque se esclarecían algunos problemas en cuanto a la taxonomía de las especies (machos), aún se desconocían aspectos morfológicos de las hembras de muchas de las especies dentro del género, además de que la distribución de los taxones solo se conocía a grandes rasgos Posterior al trabajo de Clench (1972), Seraphim et al. (2018), proponen una hipótesis filogenética de la familia Riodinidae utilizando marcadores moleculares, y mencionan que el género Lasaia es monofilético, sin embargo, solamente utilizaron una especie del género Lasaia, por lo que las relaciones dentro del género aún permanecían inciertas. Algunos años después Zhang et al. (2021) utilizando metodología genómica, mencionan que dos especies no corresponden dentro del género Lasaia: cutisca e incoides, y proponen un nuevo género para dichas especies: Inkana, y esto coincide con lo hallado en el presente trabajo Sumado a este problema, se puede observar que los límites dentro del género Lasaia, aún se encontraban sin resolver a nivel específico, por lo que el presente trabajo, ayuda a 263 discernir con mayor claridad las relaciones dentro del género Lasaia y la distribución general del mismo, así como de 10 de las 13 especies que conforman al género. No obstante, aún se necesitan realizar más estudios con la ayuda de otros sistemas de caracteres como: marcadores moleculares (v. gr. COI, wingless), morfología coriónica del huevo (Nieves- Uribe et al., 2015; Nieves-Uribe et al., 2016; Nieves-Uribe et al., 2019) o una combinación de diferentes sistemas de caracteres, y abarcar el mayor número de especies descritas para el género o todas las especies, incluyendo a los taxones del género Inkana propuesto por Zhang et al., (2021), para saber con mayor certeza donde se ubica esté género dentro de Riodinidae, y tratar de dilucidar si L. oileus pertenece el género Lasaia o es un género nuevo no descrito. En este estudio no se tomó en cuenta la especie tipo del género L. meris, debido a que el ejemplar con el que se describió se encuentra perdido; dicho ejemplar se recolectó en la región de Surinam, por lo que se intuye que dicha especie se encuentra circunscrita a dicha región, pero no se ha vuelto a recolectar. En el libro “Butterflies of Surinam” (Gernaat et al., 2012), no hace mención de dicha especie, tal vez al ser una especie restringida espacial y temporalmente, o puede que sea una especie con distribución restringida localmente, por lo que no se ha vuelto a recolectar, debido a que no se han realizado estudios sistemáticos y exhaustivos en la región. Caso contrario ocurre en el libro de Gallard (2017) “Les RIODINIDAE de Guyane”, donde menciona e ilustra al taxon L. meris, no obstante, al no poder revisar el ejemplar y ver su morfología con mayor detalle, no se puede corroborar si esos ejemplares pertenecen a esa especie enigmática y escurridiza. A partir de los datos distribucionales recopilados de las diferentes fuentes de información, se puede observar con mayor certeza cual es la distribución del género Lasaia. Arellano-Covarrubias et al., (2019) realizaron el primer trabajo puntual de la distribución de los taxones que se distribuyen en México, sin embargo, quedaban algunas interrogantes en cuanto a los límites distribucionales de algunas especies, las cuales se pudieron resolver en el presente estudio; así mismo, se aumenta y se recopila la distribución para la mayoría de las especies del género Lasaia, basándose en información de varias colecciones particulares e institucionales, así como bibliografía y bases de datos. Sin embargo, aún quedan muchos huecos en cuanto a la distribución de la mayoría las especies, esto puede deberse al sesgo de muestreo en los inventarios faunísticos, además 264 de que muchas zonas de diferentes regiones de la región Neotropical aún están sin explorar, debido a falta de apoyos económicos para muchas regiones, problemas de seguridad (Huerta et al., 2016), o que muchas especies presentan una distribución restringida espacial y temporalmente (DeVries, 1997), lo que hace difícil recolectarlas y registrarlas en la mayoría de los inventarios faunísticos y por ende, no se encuentran en la mayoría de las colecciones (Hall, 2004). El presente trabajo, es una aportación al conocimiento del género Lasaia, en el cual se avanza un poco más en la sistemática, ya que se observa que se necesitan hacer más trabajos enfocados a los diferentes géneros de Riodinidae, debido a que la mayoría de los grupos no son monofiléticos como se pensaba, así mismo, se observa que hay una gran diversidad de especies “ocultas” o mal identificadas en las colecciones científicas, por lo que es de suma importancia seguir recolectando ejemplares en diferentes zonas para comprender mejor a los taxones, además de seguir realizando trabajos morfológicos con la ayuda de las diferentes colecciones científicas. 265 Referencias bibliográficas Arellano-Covarrubias, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martínez, A. (2018) Distribución y fenología de la familia Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en el bosque tropical subcadcifolio de Oaxaca, México. 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